Conjugate Codes - at www.arxiv.org.
... [17] or the alternative reasoning in [7, Appendix A] and any of these assumes the distribution of the syndrome (X, Z) is uniform. A desirable situation in the reduced cryptographic code is that the entropy of PX is small. In particular, if PX (x) = 1 for some x, or (17) is true for such a random var ...
... [17] or the alternative reasoning in [7, Appendix A] and any of these assumes the distribution of the syndrome (X, Z) is uniform. A desirable situation in the reduced cryptographic code is that the entropy of PX is small. In particular, if PX (x) = 1 for some x, or (17) is true for such a random var ...
The origin of the phase in the interference of Bose
... question in recent years.18–21 Suppose we consider a condensate described by a wave function ei共k·r+兲. We might describe the direction specified by the angle by a “spin” in a two-dimensional plane. How do we prepare such a state? What is it that selects the direction of this pseudospin from all t ...
... question in recent years.18–21 Suppose we consider a condensate described by a wave function ei共k·r+兲. We might describe the direction specified by the angle by a “spin” in a two-dimensional plane. How do we prepare such a state? What is it that selects the direction of this pseudospin from all t ...
Quantum algorithms for shortest paths problems in structured instances
... for each pair of nodes with a shortest path on many (≥ ℓ) nodes. Compute the distances d(s, v) and d(s, v) for all s ∈ S and v ∈ V using a variant of Dijkstra’s algorithm particular to the shortest paths problem at hand. The final answer is computed by taking the minimum out of all of the above answ ...
... for each pair of nodes with a shortest path on many (≥ ℓ) nodes. Compute the distances d(s, v) and d(s, v) for all s ∈ S and v ∈ V using a variant of Dijkstra’s algorithm particular to the shortest paths problem at hand. The final answer is computed by taking the minimum out of all of the above answ ...
a pedagogical / historical introduction (D. Downes)
... The filter takes one QM state and gives you another (like an ``operator’’ on a Hilbert space). The filter convolves 2 delta-functions of position with the original state to give you a different state on the other side of the 2 slits. In contrast, you give the detector a QM state, and it gives ...
... The filter takes one QM state and gives you another (like an ``operator’’ on a Hilbert space). The filter convolves 2 delta-functions of position with the original state to give you a different state on the other side of the 2 slits. In contrast, you give the detector a QM state, and it gives ...
Newton-Equivalent Hamiltonians for the Harmonic Oscillator
... admits an infinite-dimensional solution space: Assuming F(x) solves (3.5) and f (x) is a meromorphic function with period i hβ, then also f (x)F(x) solves (3.5). This state of affairs is the main reason that analytic difference operators cannot be readily studied within the well-established Hilbert ...
... admits an infinite-dimensional solution space: Assuming F(x) solves (3.5) and f (x) is a meromorphic function with period i hβ, then also f (x)F(x) solves (3.5). This state of affairs is the main reason that analytic difference operators cannot be readily studied within the well-established Hilbert ...
University of Birmingham A New Optical Gain Model for Quantum
... filter [8] as suggested for the bulk material semiconductor optical lasers and amplifiers. In Ref. [9], quantum well lasers including carrier transport effects were discussed using transmission line laser model, however, the author has assumed that the gain coefficient is wavelength independent. An ...
... filter [8] as suggested for the bulk material semiconductor optical lasers and amplifiers. In Ref. [9], quantum well lasers including carrier transport effects were discussed using transmission line laser model, however, the author has assumed that the gain coefficient is wavelength independent. An ...
Are Orbitals Observable? - HYLE-
... why orbital wave functions can be good approximations to reality. For that reason, speaking of orbitals as not existing or non-referring is “hardly appropriate” (ibid.). Schwarz is less cautious in countering Scerri’s views. He flatly states that “the statement ‘this object or structure exists’ has ...
... why orbital wave functions can be good approximations to reality. For that reason, speaking of orbitals as not existing or non-referring is “hardly appropriate” (ibid.). Schwarz is less cautious in countering Scerri’s views. He flatly states that “the statement ‘this object or structure exists’ has ...
An edge index for the Quantum Spin-Hall effect
... a gap. The two bottom bands have opposite Chern numbers c=±1, so their total Chern number is zero. When VR =0, Sz commutes with the Hamiltonian and the model Eq. 1 reduces to a spin up and a spin down decoupled Haldane models [8]. In contradistinction to the Chern numebr, the Spin-Chern number cs in ...
... a gap. The two bottom bands have opposite Chern numbers c=±1, so their total Chern number is zero. When VR =0, Sz commutes with the Hamiltonian and the model Eq. 1 reduces to a spin up and a spin down decoupled Haldane models [8]. In contradistinction to the Chern numebr, the Spin-Chern number cs in ...
QB abstracts compiled 160613
... Conway and Kochen’s free will theorem states that if experimenters have free will in the sense that their choices are not a function of the past, so must some elementary particles. The free will theorem goes beyond Bell’s theorem as it connects the two fundamental resources behind quantum technol ...
... Conway and Kochen’s free will theorem states that if experimenters have free will in the sense that their choices are not a function of the past, so must some elementary particles. The free will theorem goes beyond Bell’s theorem as it connects the two fundamental resources behind quantum technol ...
An amusing analogy: modelling quantum
... collision). The choice between both evolutions must be made at t = 2: at that moment, either a particle comes out the left mouth (leading to a collision), or no particle comes out (and the first particle follows its straight motion). The future is thus settled at this very moment. But how to decide ...
... collision). The choice between both evolutions must be made at t = 2: at that moment, either a particle comes out the left mouth (leading to a collision), or no particle comes out (and the first particle follows its straight motion). The future is thus settled at this very moment. But how to decide ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.