• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Current State of Quantum Computing
Current State of Quantum Computing

... Last May they set up a presentation at the Bank of England of all the Quantum Cryptography systems now available. ...
Quantum Teleportation
Quantum Teleportation

... Although the basis for such technology evades current theory, it is conceivable that it might eventually be feasible. If this technology were produced, however, society would totally change. The effects on freight transport would be incredible. There would be hardly any need to move items by convent ...
Two Experiments to test Bohr`s Complementarity Principle
Two Experiments to test Bohr`s Complementarity Principle

Universally valid reformulation of the Heisenberg uncertainty
Universally valid reformulation of the Heisenberg uncertainty

... on every input state ␺ , where E A (⌬) stands for the spectral projection of A corresponding to interval ⌬. Otherwise, we consider apparatus A to measure observable A with some noise. In order to evaluate the noise, we need to describe the measuring process. The measuring interaction is supposed to ...
How Quantum Theory Helps us Explain
How Quantum Theory Helps us Explain

... dependencies, and thereby explains it. The regularity was to be expected by one who knows this pattern and knows the values of the variables in the pattern on which it depends. An explanation of a regularity is causal only if at least some of these counterfactuals expressing dependency relations may ...
Monte Carlo Probabilistic Inference for Diffusion Processes: A
Monte Carlo Probabilistic Inference for Diffusion Processes: A

... particles (Vi( j) , Ψi( j) ), and generate new particles in the following way: Vi+1 is proposed from qi+1 as described before, and conditionally on this value, Ψi+1 is simulated according to Q. Then, it can be checked that the weight assigned to each particle is precisely that in the RWPF. Therefore ...
Green`s function for metamaterial superlens: Evanescent
Green`s function for metamaterial superlens: Evanescent

D-Wave quantum computer
D-Wave quantum computer

... To understand this feature we can analyze a toy model to study the qualitative behaviour of a quantum system. In this model, we have the potential barrier seen in Fig. 3 with height V0 and width d = x2 − x1 . ...
Realism and Objectivism in Quantum Mechanics Vassilios
Realism and Objectivism in Quantum Mechanics Vassilios

Contextuality, cohomology and paradox
Contextuality, cohomology and paradox

Quantum Mechanics Introduction: Physics
Quantum Mechanics Introduction: Physics

... them in half—well, it isn't an M&M any more. An individual M&M is the smallest possible unit of M&M-ness. On the other hand, you can keep cutting the height of a wave in half, and it keeps on being a wave. Waves can add constructively, or destructively. But particles always add constructively. 5 M&M ...
Experiments with Entangled Photons Bell Inequalities, Non-local Games and Bound Entanglement
Experiments with Entangled Photons Bell Inequalities, Non-local Games and Bound Entanglement

... the concepts on which classical physics is based. For instance, it permits persistent correlations between classically separated systems, that are termed as entanglement. To circumvent these problems and explain entanglement, hidden variables theories–based on undiscovered parameters–have been devis ...
BLIND QUANTUM COMPUTATION 1. Introduction and Background
BLIND QUANTUM COMPUTATION 1. Introduction and Background

... will give to the rotation induced by the measurement basis. If the client sends a measurement basis rotation θ to the server that results in the overall qubit rotation being θ0 , then θ + α = θ0 . For universal quantum computation, θ0 will be in nπ/4 for n ∈ Z. Therefore, θ is completely decorrelate ...
Quantum Channel Construction with Circuit Quantum
Quantum Channel Construction with Circuit Quantum

Quantum Mechanics Made Simple: Lecture Notes
Quantum Mechanics Made Simple: Lecture Notes

Integrated atom detector: Single atoms and photon statistics
Integrated atom detector: Single atoms and photon statistics

Markov property in non-commutative probability
Markov property in non-commutative probability

... the role of random variables is played by self-adjoint elements affiliated to some C*-algebra A with unit element 1. Probability measures are replaced by states, i.e positive linear functionals φ on A such that φ(1) = 1. If A is a non-commutative algebra then we say that (A, φ) is an abstract or alg ...
Motion in a Straight Line
Motion in a Straight Line

... Just for Quantum Mechanics course The expectation value is interpreted as the average value of x that we would expect to obtain from a large number of measurements. ...
What is a quantum simulator?
What is a quantum simulator?

... on this definition by answering several fundamental questions about the nature and use of quantum simulators. Our answers address two important areas. First, the difference between an operation termed simulation and another termed computation. This distinction is related to the purpose of an operati ...
Highly doubly excited S states of the helium atom
Highly doubly excited S states of the helium atom

... laboratory frame to a body fixed frame with the Euler angles $, 8 , $. In this paper we ...
Observation of Quantum Oscillations between a Josephson Phase Qubit
Observation of Quantum Oscillations between a Josephson Phase Qubit

Quantum Lambda Calculus - Department of Mathematics and
Quantum Lambda Calculus - Department of Mathematics and

quantum transition-state theory. II. Recovery of the exact quantum
quantum transition-state theory. II. Recovery of the exact quantum

Quantum Computer Compilers - Computer Science, Columbia
Quantum Computer Compilers - Computer Science, Columbia

... • “There is progress, but it’s still very slow.”–Chris Monroe • “I’d say almost any prediction about what a quantum computer will look like will, with high probability, be wrong. Ion trappers are encouraged because we can at least see a straightforward path to making a large processor, but the techn ...
Quantum tomography via compressed sensing: error bounds, sample complexity and... estimators
Quantum tomography via compressed sensing: error bounds, sample complexity and... estimators

... ˆ and use DFE to check whether ρˆ agrees with the true state ρ. This check is guaranteed to be sound even if the true state ρ is not approximately low rank. Our extension of DFE may be of more general interest, since it can be used to efficiently certify any estimate ρˆ regardless of whether it was ...
< 1 ... 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 ... 305 >

Probability amplitude



In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report