Quantum noise properties of multiphoton transitions in driven nonlinear resonators
... the time scale γ −1 . In the stationary state, quantum noise induces—even at zero temperature—fluctuations in the photon number n̂. The dynamics of these fluctuations is characterized by multiphoton oscillations which manifest themselves as peaks in the noise spectrum S(ω) of n̂, located at plus/min ...
... the time scale γ −1 . In the stationary state, quantum noise induces—even at zero temperature—fluctuations in the photon number n̂. The dynamics of these fluctuations is characterized by multiphoton oscillations which manifest themselves as peaks in the noise spectrum S(ω) of n̂, located at plus/min ...
States and Operators in the Spacetime Algebra
... We study the Pauli matrix algebra in Section 2, and demonstrate how quantum spin states are formulated in terms of the real geometric algebra of space (which is a subalgebra of the full STA). An extension to multiparticle systems is introduced, in which separate (commuting) copies of the STA are tak ...
... We study the Pauli matrix algebra in Section 2, and demonstrate how quantum spin states are formulated in terms of the real geometric algebra of space (which is a subalgebra of the full STA). An extension to multiparticle systems is introduced, in which separate (commuting) copies of the STA are tak ...
Quantum Biology at the Cellular Level
... depends on what property is measured). Importantly, it covers the cases when different measurement setups are not compatible with each other – a situation often encountered when experiments are performed on an individual object-to-object basis. These rules should not be limited to „physics proper‟, ...
... depends on what property is measured). Importantly, it covers the cases when different measurement setups are not compatible with each other – a situation often encountered when experiments are performed on an individual object-to-object basis. These rules should not be limited to „physics proper‟, ...
Photoemission studies of quantum well states in thin films
... The ®rst photoemission observation of quantum size effects was reported in 1986 [18]. The evidence was clear but the quantum well peaks were very broad, again due to ®lm roughness. Later work, however, clearly established the importance of quantum size effects in ®lms [19±25]. The argument that phot ...
... The ®rst photoemission observation of quantum size effects was reported in 1986 [18]. The evidence was clear but the quantum well peaks were very broad, again due to ®lm roughness. Later work, however, clearly established the importance of quantum size effects in ®lms [19±25]. The argument that phot ...
draft
... plays a role analogous to that played by the Shannon entropy in classical probability theory. They are both functionals of the state, they are both monotone under a relevant kind of mapping, and they can be singled out uniquely by natural requirements. In section 2.2 we recounted the well known anec ...
... plays a role analogous to that played by the Shannon entropy in classical probability theory. They are both functionals of the state, they are both monotone under a relevant kind of mapping, and they can be singled out uniquely by natural requirements. In section 2.2 we recounted the well known anec ...
Reflection of matter waves in potential structures
... has been omitted. The transverse eigenenergies together with the diagonal potential couplings, i.e., 21 (x)(n⫹ 21 ) ⫹B nn (x), act as effective one-dimensional potentials in the adiabatic limit, and they are referred to as adiabatic energies here. If, on the other hand, the transverse curvature ch ...
... has been omitted. The transverse eigenenergies together with the diagonal potential couplings, i.e., 21 (x)(n⫹ 21 ) ⫹B nn (x), act as effective one-dimensional potentials in the adiabatic limit, and they are referred to as adiabatic energies here. If, on the other hand, the transverse curvature ch ...
Spooky Action at Spacy Distances
... which can be manipulated by boolean operations. The elementary quantum data-unit is the qubit: generally a microscopic system such as photons, atoms or nuclear spins. The states |0i and |1i are two good distinguishable states, for example horizontal and vertical polarization of a photon. Contrary to ...
... which can be manipulated by boolean operations. The elementary quantum data-unit is the qubit: generally a microscopic system such as photons, atoms or nuclear spins. The states |0i and |1i are two good distinguishable states, for example horizontal and vertical polarization of a photon. Contrary to ...
Hund`s Rules and Spin Density Waves in Quantum Dots
... the ground state had nonzero total spin. It reminds one of the spin inversion states found by Gudmundsson et al. [6] for finite magnetic fields. For many of the excited states at rs 1.51aBp the total spin is zero. A priori one would in these cases expect that the system is fully unpolarized. But n ...
... the ground state had nonzero total spin. It reminds one of the spin inversion states found by Gudmundsson et al. [6] for finite magnetic fields. For many of the excited states at rs 1.51aBp the total spin is zero. A priori one would in these cases expect that the system is fully unpolarized. But n ...
The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation David P. DiVincenzo
... error correction to a reasonable test. Nearly all parts of requirements 1-5 must be in place before such a test is possible. And even the most limited application of quantum error correction has quite a large overhead: roughly 10 ancillary qubits must be added for each individual qubit of the comput ...
... error correction to a reasonable test. Nearly all parts of requirements 1-5 must be in place before such a test is possible. And even the most limited application of quantum error correction has quite a large overhead: roughly 10 ancillary qubits must be added for each individual qubit of the comput ...
Scattering theory - Theory of Condensed Matter
... where φ(r) is a solution of the homogeneous (free particle) Schrödinger equation, (∇2 + k 2 )φ(r) = 0, and G0 (r, r# ) is a Green function of the Laplace operator, (∇2 + k 2 )G0 (r, r# ) = δ 3 (r − r# ). From the asymptotic behaviour of the boundary condition, it is evident that φ(r) = eik·r . In t ...
... where φ(r) is a solution of the homogeneous (free particle) Schrödinger equation, (∇2 + k 2 )φ(r) = 0, and G0 (r, r# ) is a Green function of the Laplace operator, (∇2 + k 2 )G0 (r, r# ) = δ 3 (r − r# ). From the asymptotic behaviour of the boundary condition, it is evident that φ(r) = eik·r . In t ...
Why Philosophers Should Care About - Philsci
... If there actually were a machine with [running time] ∼ Kn (or even only with ∼ Kn2 ) [for some constant K independent of n], this would have consequences of the greatest magnitude. That is to say, it would clearly indicate that, despite the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem, the mental effo ...
... If there actually were a machine with [running time] ∼ Kn (or even only with ∼ Kn2 ) [for some constant K independent of n], this would have consequences of the greatest magnitude. That is to say, it would clearly indicate that, despite the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem, the mental effo ...
Vectors 101
... remember that the Arctan function is only defined for the first and fourth quadrants. Therefore, if Ax is negative, you must add 180 to the calculated in order to find the actual direction of the vector. (You may also choose to add 360 to vectors in the fourth quadrant to obtain directions rangin ...
... remember that the Arctan function is only defined for the first and fourth quadrants. Therefore, if Ax is negative, you must add 180 to the calculated in order to find the actual direction of the vector. (You may also choose to add 360 to vectors in the fourth quadrant to obtain directions rangin ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.