Chemical Transport Model - Technical Description
... CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or ...
... CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or ...
Compositional and structural investigation of HCN polymer through
... be assigned to (or at least are consistent with) nitriles linked to aromatic ring at 2215 cm−1 and the second feature at 2180 cm−1 can be assigned to nitriles linked to unsaturated chains. A complex feature is visible at 1650 cm−1 and below. This feature is composed of the signatures of different ch ...
... be assigned to (or at least are consistent with) nitriles linked to aromatic ring at 2215 cm−1 and the second feature at 2180 cm−1 can be assigned to nitriles linked to unsaturated chains. A complex feature is visible at 1650 cm−1 and below. This feature is composed of the signatures of different ch ...
Assessment of the Molecular Weight Distribution of Tannin Fractions
... various subunits of their structure, and (iii) their ability to bind proteins and thereby form soluble and insoluble tannin-protein complexes. A growing interest has been addressed to this class of compounds because of their biological, nutritional, and sensory * To whom correspondence should be add ...
... various subunits of their structure, and (iii) their ability to bind proteins and thereby form soluble and insoluble tannin-protein complexes. A growing interest has been addressed to this class of compounds because of their biological, nutritional, and sensory * To whom correspondence should be add ...
The role of aqueous-phase oxidation in the A
... Atmospheric particulate matter (or "aerosol") is known to have important implications for cli- ...
... Atmospheric particulate matter (or "aerosol") is known to have important implications for cli- ...
hygroscopic properties of aerosols. investigations of particles from
... Hygroscopic growth factors (diameter at a specific RH divided by the dry diameter) of ambient aerosol particles as a function of relative humidity (RH) are commonly measured with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (H-TDMA). A new lowtemperature H-TDMA was developed enabling measu ...
... Hygroscopic growth factors (diameter at a specific RH divided by the dry diameter) of ambient aerosol particles as a function of relative humidity (RH) are commonly measured with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (H-TDMA). A new lowtemperature H-TDMA was developed enabling measu ...
Accurate Measurements of Aerosol Hygroscopic
... must be better quantified to represent the aerosol microphysics under-pinning the partitioning of water between the gas and particle phases. A number of significant uncertainties must be addressed to improve the microphysical description of water partitioning. There can be significant differences betwee ...
... must be better quantified to represent the aerosol microphysics under-pinning the partitioning of water between the gas and particle phases. A number of significant uncertainties must be addressed to improve the microphysical description of water partitioning. There can be significant differences betwee ...
Gas/particle partitioning of water-soluble organic aerosol in Atlanta
... (50–2000 ppb C) of expected liquid concentrations to verify proper analyzer accuracy throughout the measurement period. Accurate determination of the concentrations measured with the MC depends on an accurate measure of the volume of water used to collect the sample. Consequently, water evaporation ...
... (50–2000 ppb C) of expected liquid concentrations to verify proper analyzer accuracy throughout the measurement period. Accurate determination of the concentrations measured with the MC depends on an accurate measure of the volume of water used to collect the sample. Consequently, water evaporation ...
Photo-oxidation of pinonaldehyde at low NOx
... is relatively volatile and prone to fragmentation, it is in some sense a worst-case example of aging chemistry; if pinonaldehyde produces substantial SOA under both high- and lowNOx conditions, it is extremely likely that many other less volatile first-generation α-pinene oxidation products will be ...
... is relatively volatile and prone to fragmentation, it is in some sense a worst-case example of aging chemistry; if pinonaldehyde produces substantial SOA under both high- and lowNOx conditions, it is extremely likely that many other less volatile first-generation α-pinene oxidation products will be ...
Can atoms be counted or measured
... 5. For example, the atomic mass of Copper is 63.55 amu. This means that 1 mole of Copper will weigh 63.55 grams. 6. Don’t forget that mass is related to the number of amu. More amu will cause ______________ mass. 7. Molar mass of an element can be used as a conversion from moles to mass and vice ver ...
... 5. For example, the atomic mass of Copper is 63.55 amu. This means that 1 mole of Copper will weigh 63.55 grams. 6. Don’t forget that mass is related to the number of amu. More amu will cause ______________ mass. 7. Molar mass of an element can be used as a conversion from moles to mass and vice ver ...
UNIFORM PARTICLES WITH A LARGE SURFACE AREA FORMED
... Sh and “low sulfate” Sh, respectively). The low-sulfate schwertmannite was usually obtained at higher temperatures and at final pH ⬃ 5. According to Barham [7], Fe/S ratios as high as 25 to 50 could be reached by anionic exchange at pH ⬃ 7. As follows from the composition of sample A6, after heating ...
... Sh and “low sulfate” Sh, respectively). The low-sulfate schwertmannite was usually obtained at higher temperatures and at final pH ⬃ 5. According to Barham [7], Fe/S ratios as high as 25 to 50 could be reached by anionic exchange at pH ⬃ 7. As follows from the composition of sample A6, after heating ...
Hygroscopic properties of water-soluble matter and humic
... Hungary, PM1.5 ) was sampled on quartz fibre filters in winter and summer 2001. Water-soluble matter (WSM) was extracted in MilliQ-water, and, in a second step, solid phase extraction was used to isolate the less hydrophilic fraction (ISOM) of the water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from remaining i ...
... Hungary, PM1.5 ) was sampled on quartz fibre filters in winter and summer 2001. Water-soluble matter (WSM) was extracted in MilliQ-water, and, in a second step, solid phase extraction was used to isolate the less hydrophilic fraction (ISOM) of the water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from remaining i ...
Branham
... Zeta potential, as shown in Figure 2, is defined as the potential at the interface between the Stern Layer and the Gauy-Chapman Layer [14]. Strong van der Waals forces between particles lead to a faster rate of crystal growth while strong double layer interactions lead to slower crystal growth beca ...
... Zeta potential, as shown in Figure 2, is defined as the potential at the interface between the Stern Layer and the Gauy-Chapman Layer [14]. Strong van der Waals forces between particles lead to a faster rate of crystal growth while strong double layer interactions lead to slower crystal growth beca ...
Classifying organic materials by oxygen-to
... Secondary organic material (SOM), composed in large part of the low-volatility fraction of the oxidation products of volatile organic compounds, is one important subclass of atmospheric organic compounds and can be highly CCN active (Hartz et al., 2005; VanReken et al., 2005; King et al., 2007; Wex ...
... Secondary organic material (SOM), composed in large part of the low-volatility fraction of the oxidation products of volatile organic compounds, is one important subclass of atmospheric organic compounds and can be highly CCN active (Hartz et al., 2005; VanReken et al., 2005; King et al., 2007; Wex ...
According to equilibrium gas/particle partitioning theory, temperature
... 2%), the overall estimated uncertainty for the WSOCg measurement is 7%. Measurements of aerosol organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were made with a Sunset Labs OCEC Field Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory Inc., Tigard, OR) in accordance with NIOSH method 5040 [NIOSH, 1996]. The measurements con ...
... 2%), the overall estimated uncertainty for the WSOCg measurement is 7%. Measurements of aerosol organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were made with a Sunset Labs OCEC Field Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory Inc., Tigard, OR) in accordance with NIOSH method 5040 [NIOSH, 1996]. The measurements con ...
Size and time-resolved growth rate measurements of 1 to 5 nm
... particles at the diffusion limit with an accommodation coefficient close to 1.0 (Jefferson et al., 1997), indicating that the contribution of sulfuric acid to the growth of large particles (>20 nm) can be modeled. Smith and co-workers have shown that alkyl ammonium carboxylate salts, formed by react ...
... particles at the diffusion limit with an accommodation coefficient close to 1.0 (Jefferson et al., 1997), indicating that the contribution of sulfuric acid to the growth of large particles (>20 nm) can be modeled. Smith and co-workers have shown that alkyl ammonium carboxylate salts, formed by react ...
Novel high-temperature and pressure-compatible ultrasonic levitator
... the laser can be varied by changing the pulse repetition rate between a few Hz and 200 kHz using an external pulse generator. At a typical frequency of 1 kHz, the average power output is 200 mW and the pulse width 13.5 ns. To avoid heating by the Raman laser, for some samples the frequency was reduc ...
... the laser can be varied by changing the pulse repetition rate between a few Hz and 200 kHz using an external pulse generator. At a typical frequency of 1 kHz, the average power output is 200 mW and the pulse width 13.5 ns. To avoid heating by the Raman laser, for some samples the frequency was reduc ...
The Potential Contribution of Organic Salts to New
... and Pankow, 2005, 2006). Additionally, Zhang and Wexler (2002) used heterogeneous accretion reactions to explain the contribution of organics to newly formed particles. While the contributions of accretion products are indeed a possibility that is being explored, here we will focus on the potential ...
... and Pankow, 2005, 2006). Additionally, Zhang and Wexler (2002) used heterogeneous accretion reactions to explain the contribution of organics to newly formed particles. While the contributions of accretion products are indeed a possibility that is being explored, here we will focus on the potential ...
Fig. 3: Particle size distribution of highly active nuclear waste
... A Lumisizer® (L.U.M. GmbH, Berlin, Germany) was also employed here as an alternative route to determine the sedimentation rate and to allow further information about the sediment bed to be obtained. This device also determines sedimentation information using transmitted light through a measuring cel ...
... A Lumisizer® (L.U.M. GmbH, Berlin, Germany) was also employed here as an alternative route to determine the sedimentation rate and to allow further information about the sediment bed to be obtained. This device also determines sedimentation information using transmitted light through a measuring cel ...
Novel method of generation of Ca(HCO3)2 and CaCO3 aerosols
... At high CO2 concentrations (R1) will proceed in the forward direction and cause the dissolution of the solid CaCO3 . On the other hand, when CO2 is decreasing, the backward reaction will produce solid CaCO3 . In this study, pure CO2 was bubbled into a slurry of CaCO3 powder in order to promote the d ...
... At high CO2 concentrations (R1) will proceed in the forward direction and cause the dissolution of the solid CaCO3 . On the other hand, when CO2 is decreasing, the backward reaction will produce solid CaCO3 . In this study, pure CO2 was bubbled into a slurry of CaCO3 powder in order to promote the d ...
Title Magnetic Properties of Several Iron Compounds Studied by the
... condition of various iron compounds which were produced as precipitates from the solutions. It was fully examined by uncountable practices how the precipitates are affected by temperature, pH, concentration or other factors. Stimulation of experimental data was made possible not only to prepare sing ...
... condition of various iron compounds which were produced as precipitates from the solutions. It was fully examined by uncountable practices how the precipitates are affected by temperature, pH, concentration or other factors. Stimulation of experimental data was made possible not only to prepare sing ...
Hygroscopic growth and critical supersaturations for mixed aerosol
... and water vapor was studied at water vapor subsaturation, using the Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA) at the University of Lund, and at supersaturation, using the Cloud Condensation Nucleus spectrometer (CCN spectrometer) at the University of Copenhagen. As an important inpu ...
... and water vapor was studied at water vapor subsaturation, using the Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA) at the University of Lund, and at supersaturation, using the Cloud Condensation Nucleus spectrometer (CCN spectrometer) at the University of Copenhagen. As an important inpu ...
The Mole - cloudfront.net
... A formula which gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound. • The percent composition is required to calculate the basic ratio of the elements contained in a compound. • The empirical formula, like any chemical formula, may be interpreted in terms of number of ato ...
... A formula which gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound. • The percent composition is required to calculate the basic ratio of the elements contained in a compound. • The empirical formula, like any chemical formula, may be interpreted in terms of number of ato ...
Can Chemical Effects Rival the First Indirect Effect?
... change in droplet number for a doubling of the baseline aerosol concentration. We then compare the ”Twomey effect” to the change in droplet number seen, if some chemical effect would be present in the baseline aerosol (i.e. no changes in size distribution, only chemistry). An adiabatic cloud parcel ...
... change in droplet number for a doubling of the baseline aerosol concentration. We then compare the ”Twomey effect” to the change in droplet number seen, if some chemical effect would be present in the baseline aerosol (i.e. no changes in size distribution, only chemistry). An adiabatic cloud parcel ...
Aerosol mass spectrometry
Aerosol mass spectrometry is the application of mass spectrometry to aerosol particles. Aerosol particles are defined as suspended solid and liquid particles with size range of 0.1 nm to 1000 μm in diameter. Aerosol particles are produce from natural and anthropogenic sources, through a variety of different process that include; wind-blown suspension, and combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Analysis of aerosol particles is important because of their major impacts on the global climate change, visibility, regional air pollution and human health. Aerosol particles are very complex in structure and can contain thousand of different chemical compounds within a single particle. Due to this complexity the instrumentation used to analysis these particles must have the ability to separate based on size and in real-time provide information on their chemical composition. To meet these requirements for analysis, mass spectrometry instrumentation is used and they provide high sensitivity and the ability to detect a wide molecular mass range. Aerosol mass spectrometry can be divided into two categorizes; off-line and on-line. Off-line mass spectrometry is performed on collected particles. On-line mass spectrometry is performed on particles introduced in real time.