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The Relationship Between Economic Conditions, Policing, and
The Relationship Between Economic Conditions, Policing, and

... staffing levels never experienced before. In every corner of the United States, state, local, and tribal police departments are being forced to lay off sworn and civilian staff members, which results in modified operations. At some point, it is likely that these troubling trends will begin to impact ...
On the Relation between Education and Crime
On the Relation between Education and Crime

... where U* denotes an expected utility operator.3 The "gain" associated with illegitimate behavior is a function of gross returns and various costs. The term gross returns denotes the value of the "output" of an offender's activity, the direct monetary and psychic income he reaps from accomplishing of ...
The New Technology of Crime Law and Social Control
The New Technology of Crime Law and Social Control

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New Urbanism, Crime and the Suburbs
New Urbanism, Crime and the Suburbs

... an area searching for targets and it allows locals to readily distinguish residents from nonresidents. In terms of street networks, Rengert (1988, p. 21) argues, “ . . . the relative magnitude of an opportunity is proportional to its relative degree of accessibility which will partially determine it ...
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California Youth Crime Plunges to All-Time Low
California Youth Crime Plunges to All-Time Low

... In fact, California has done the opposite. Youth today are not more intensively policed. Arrests for youth-targeted status offenses such as curfews, truancy, incorrigibility, and running away have fallen to record lows. Arrests for curfew violations, in particular, have fallen from over 20,000 per ...
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sociology_powerpoint_chapter_8_1

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Can we predict escalation in offending seriousness?

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chapter 7 - socioseeker

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Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control: At-a

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... through  official  police  data.  When  you  read  in  the  paper  that  the  homicide  rate  in  California  is   higher  than  the  national  average  or  that  Detroit  has  the  highest  homicide  rate  for  any  US  city  over ...
this PDF file - Journal of Medical Ethics and History of
this PDF file - Journal of Medical Ethics and History of

... be distinguished from crime. These behaviors include sin and guilt, civil crime or quasi tort, and disciplinary and administrative transgression, and are explicated in some detail below. A. Sin and guilt Scholars of the Islamic penal law have defined sin as an act that breaches the orders and prohib ...
Sample: Routinely consult with an advisor
Sample: Routinely consult with an advisor

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Summoning the Superheroes: Harnessing Science and Passion to
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Dangers of a Faith-Based Approach to Corrections
Dangers of a Faith-Based Approach to Corrections

... 1997, p. 139). Crime, in other words, became a moral issue, much moreso than one of policy design, economy, or law. In this context, punishment soon became the dominant and most frequently prescribed solution, even by otherwise “liberal” politicians. As Gusfield concludes near the end of Symbolic C ...
the quest for redemption in the kenyan criminal autobiography by
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Drug Market Intervention Initiative (DMI)
Drug Market Intervention Initiative (DMI)

... shuts down. An important aspect of this strategy is that it also links the offenders with the proper resources to change their lives around. The first city to use the DMI approach was High Point, North Carolina and they have seen dramatic changes in their cities crime rates (violent and drug rates) ...
Chapter 6 Deviance and Crime
Chapter 6 Deviance and Crime

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Crime in Denmark--A Statistical History
Crime in Denmark--A Statistical History

... offenders by law enforcement agencies); (3) prison statistics (information on imprisoned offenders); (4) statistics of first offenders and recidivists.2 These categories of crime statistics are based on different statistical units. The statistical unit for the police statistics is "the offense known ...
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SUBSTANCE USE AND NON-VIOLENT CRIME Substance Use and

... crime risk. The choices made by those who choose to drink heavily are physiologically more likely to commit crime and it is possible that this relationship takes precedence over the actual alcohol use (Boden, 2013). In another study, patients with violence related injuries were surveyed about their ...
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6. Culture and Subculture 12. Cybercrime 2. Definitions, terminology

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Four transitions in the United Nations Crime Programme
Four transitions in the United Nations Crime Programme

... dence on what works (and what doesn’t), while diplomats can formulate this on the international level into policy pronouncements. The change in the main participants in the discussions in Vienna, from experts to diplomats, has inadvertently meant that what were once discussions of substantive policy ...
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Crime hotspots

Crime hotspots are areas on a map that have high crime intensity. They are developed for researchers and analysts to examine geographic areas in relation to crime. Researchers and theorists examine the occurrence of hotspots in certain areas and why they happen, and analysts examine the techniques used to perform the research (Ratcliffe, 2004) Developing maps that contain hotspots are becoming a critical and influential tool for policing; they help develop knowledge and understanding of different areas in a city and possibly why crime occurs there.Crime theories can be a useful guide for researchers and analyst, in regard to analyzing crime hotspots. There are many theories of crime that explain why crime occurs in certain places and why crime does not in others. Place theories look at crime at specific places, which can also be viewed as “points on a map.” (Eck, Chainey, Cameron, and Wilson, 2005: p. 10) Another crime theory used in regard to crime hotspots is neighborhood theories. These theories view crime at a larger level, and in a larger viewing area. When viewing these types of areas, statistical information is typically used to determine hotspots. A widely used theory to explain crime is crime pattern theory. Crime pattern theory explains that crime is not random. Crime hotspots can help aid in determining spatial-temporal patterns. This theory allows making generalized statements about area hotspots, and hotspot areas can be predicted using crime pattern theory (Brantingham and Brantingham, 1999). When creating hotspots, theories that can help explain their occurrence should be evaluated to determine underlying causes.Crime hotspots can be created using many different methods. Depending on what type of analysis needed, different methods should be employed. Two different methods to create hotspots are STAC (Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Crime) and nearest neighbor. Samuel Bates created STAC in the early 1990s. He created a tool that was designed to create a hotspot that contained a high area density of crime in a form of circle on a map (Block, 1995). Clark and Evans examined spatial arrangements of points, creating the foundation of nearest neighbor. Clark and Evans created this method to study populations of plants and animals, but the method later was adapted to study crime patterns (Clark and Evans, 1954).
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