Critical Terminology for Theory of Knowledge
... believing that p independently of any evidence in favor of p provided by any other proposition that S believes. For example, a belief in a self-evident truth such as All squares are squares is basic for anyone who understands the meanings of the terms. But arguably not all basic beliefs are analytic ...
... believing that p independently of any evidence in favor of p provided by any other proposition that S believes. For example, a belief in a self-evident truth such as All squares are squares is basic for anyone who understands the meanings of the terms. But arguably not all basic beliefs are analytic ...
Western Technical College Online Writing Center DEFINITION
... An Expanded Definition An expanded definition, also called an extended definition, is a paragraph or composition explaining a complex or abstract term. Expanded definitions are frequently used to explain new technology or economic, medical, legal, or social terms. Because they are a full paragraph, ...
... An Expanded Definition An expanded definition, also called an extended definition, is a paragraph or composition explaining a complex or abstract term. Expanded definitions are frequently used to explain new technology or economic, medical, legal, or social terms. Because they are a full paragraph, ...
intralinguistic relations of words
... This fact may be explained as follows: firstly, words synonymous in some lexical contexts may display no synonymity in others. The comparison of the sentences the rainfall in April was abnormal and the rainfall in April was exceptional may give us grounds for assuming that exceptional and abnormal a ...
... This fact may be explained as follows: firstly, words synonymous in some lexical contexts may display no synonymity in others. The comparison of the sentences the rainfall in April was abnormal and the rainfall in April was exceptional may give us grounds for assuming that exceptional and abnormal a ...
Semantics
... • There is a fundamental difference between word meaning—or lexical semantics—and sentence meaning. The meaning of entries in the mental lexicon—be they morphemes, words, or idioms—is conventional; that is, speakers of a language implicitly agree on their meaning, and children acquiring the language ...
... • There is a fundamental difference between word meaning—or lexical semantics—and sentence meaning. The meaning of entries in the mental lexicon—be they morphemes, words, or idioms—is conventional; that is, speakers of a language implicitly agree on their meaning, and children acquiring the language ...
Expressing possibility, probability and certainty
... MUST, CAN’T, COULDN’T – are used to express things you feel certain about because you have evidence: They must be making a lot of money with so many customers. He didn’t know what we were talking about so he can’t have read our letter. Other words and phrase used to express certainty: - Bound +inf → ...
... MUST, CAN’T, COULDN’T – are used to express things you feel certain about because you have evidence: They must be making a lot of money with so many customers. He didn’t know what we were talking about so he can’t have read our letter. Other words and phrase used to express certainty: - Bound +inf → ...
THE DEFENITION OF SEMANTICS
... loves Mary with love (John, Mary) and John hates Mary with hate (John, Mary) but cannot access the meanings of love or hate. What the formal semanticists cannot account for, which is most of linguistic semantics, they define out of semantics and out of the scope of formal methods. Semantic fields In ...
... loves Mary with love (John, Mary) and John hates Mary with hate (John, Mary) but cannot access the meanings of love or hate. What the formal semanticists cannot account for, which is most of linguistic semantics, they define out of semantics and out of the scope of formal methods. Semantic fields In ...
Lexical Semantics … cont`d
... how the meanings of sentences are derived from them. Semantics is based largely on the study of logic in philosophy. ...
... how the meanings of sentences are derived from them. Semantics is based largely on the study of logic in philosophy. ...
Philosophy of Language: Wittgenstein
... Internal (=formal) properties, internal (=formal) relations: the range of possibilities [for occurring in states of affairs] necessarily belonging to an object. That this point in my visual field has some color is an internal property of this point. That light blue is lighter than dark blue is an i ...
... Internal (=formal) properties, internal (=formal) relations: the range of possibilities [for occurring in states of affairs] necessarily belonging to an object. That this point in my visual field has some color is an internal property of this point. That light blue is lighter than dark blue is an i ...
Distilling the Essence of an Evolutionary Process and
... thereby gradually increase the fitness of their actions. Agents have an unsophisticated but functional capacity to mentally simulate or assess the relative fitness of an action before actually implementing it (and this capacity can be turned off). They are also able to invent strategically and intui ...
... thereby gradually increase the fitness of their actions. Agents have an unsophisticated but functional capacity to mentally simulate or assess the relative fitness of an action before actually implementing it (and this capacity can be turned off). They are also able to invent strategically and intui ...
Compositionality (Powerpoint)
... theory. This is just the claim that names and natural kind terms “directly” refer to their denotations, and that connotations aren’t involved in mediating the process. The meaning of a name, for example, is the person named. There is nothing more to meaning than reference/ denotation. ...
... theory. This is just the claim that names and natural kind terms “directly” refer to their denotations, and that connotations aren’t involved in mediating the process. The meaning of a name, for example, is the person named. There is nothing more to meaning than reference/ denotation. ...
Curry`s paradox, Lukasiewicz, and Field
... we allow more than three values. But what are we to make of the suggestion that we should use more than three values? As I remarked before, in the original three-valued framework it would be better to say that there are still just two values that a proposition can take, truth and falsity: we are sim ...
... we allow more than three values. But what are we to make of the suggestion that we should use more than three values? As I remarked before, in the original three-valued framework it would be better to say that there are still just two values that a proposition can take, truth and falsity: we are sim ...
Abstract for ‘Consequentialism’ 1 Inferentialism vs referentialism David Ripley
... stands is a species of inferentialism. Indeed, if it turns out that validity is to be explained in terms of truth conditions, then consequentialism would reduce to referentialism. It is no more one than it is the other, without filling in details about validity. Importantly, there are available stor ...
... stands is a species of inferentialism. Indeed, if it turns out that validity is to be explained in terms of truth conditions, then consequentialism would reduce to referentialism. It is no more one than it is the other, without filling in details about validity. Importantly, there are available stor ...
Future-time reference in truth
... ‘is playing’ (traditionally called ‘tenseless future’ and ‘futurative progressive’ respectively), I propose to use a truth-conditional pragmatic account (e.g. Recanati 2003) in which truth value is predicated of an utterance, or what is said by the speaker. In other words, in order to capture the te ...
... ‘is playing’ (traditionally called ‘tenseless future’ and ‘futurative progressive’ respectively), I propose to use a truth-conditional pragmatic account (e.g. Recanati 2003) in which truth value is predicated of an utterance, or what is said by the speaker. In other words, in order to capture the te ...
p → q
... • Although the truth table method always works, however, it is not convenient. Since the appropriate truth table must have 2n lines where n is the number of atomic propositions. • Another way to show an argument is valid is to construct a formal proof. To do the formal proof we use rules of inferenc ...
... • Although the truth table method always works, however, it is not convenient. Since the appropriate truth table must have 2n lines where n is the number of atomic propositions. • Another way to show an argument is valid is to construct a formal proof. To do the formal proof we use rules of inferenc ...
Lexical Semantics … cont`d
... the world around us. A language is essentially a system of symbols, and symbols are things which stand for other things. Theories of information content look at the relationship between a word and what it refers to. Language meanings are things understood and produced in the mind of the speaker/hear ...
... the world around us. A language is essentially a system of symbols, and symbols are things which stand for other things. Theories of information content look at the relationship between a word and what it refers to. Language meanings are things understood and produced in the mind of the speaker/hear ...
Verbs used in essays
... Identify the component parts of the topic, examine each part in detail and show how the parts relate to each other Present a case for and/or against a particular proposition. Justify your case by linking it to a particular theory and research evidence Briefly discuss the topic in a critical way Pres ...
... Identify the component parts of the topic, examine each part in detail and show how the parts relate to each other Present a case for and/or against a particular proposition. Justify your case by linking it to a particular theory and research evidence Briefly discuss the topic in a critical way Pres ...
8.1 Symbols and Translation
... ◦ A universe of one is tried. If it is possible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false in this universe, the argument is immediately identified as invalid. ◦ If a contradiction results from this assumption, a universe of two is tried. If, in this second universe, it is possible for the ...
... ◦ A universe of one is tried. If it is possible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false in this universe, the argument is immediately identified as invalid. ◦ If a contradiction results from this assumption, a universe of two is tried. If, in this second universe, it is possible for the ...
System Def Comments Bocast 2010-10-03
... B. Semantics: conceptual asymmetry. The problem becomes apparent when we try to avoid the vagueness of the word “ways”. We want to say something like: related by function, behavior, and … What are we now to do with “physical ways”? The wording “related by function, behavior, and physics” would be qu ...
... B. Semantics: conceptual asymmetry. The problem becomes apparent when we try to avoid the vagueness of the word “ways”. We want to say something like: related by function, behavior, and … What are we now to do with “physical ways”? The wording “related by function, behavior, and physics” would be qu ...
January 12
... are really just statements about ideas, or mental representations within someone’s subjective mind; and truths about numbers are really just empirical generalizations about the ways in which people happen to think. For example, according to psychologism, the numeral “1” really means just some image ...
... are really just statements about ideas, or mental representations within someone’s subjective mind; and truths about numbers are really just empirical generalizations about the ways in which people happen to think. For example, according to psychologism, the numeral “1” really means just some image ...
A Short Glossary of Metaphysics
... and the final state (terminus ad quem). Here they are: leaf, green, red or ball, spherical, ellipsoidal. On this account a thing does not change when it comes into existence or ceases to exist, because it is not there both before and after. But such so-called substantial changes are often regarded ...
... and the final state (terminus ad quem). Here they are: leaf, green, red or ball, spherical, ellipsoidal. On this account a thing does not change when it comes into existence or ceases to exist, because it is not there both before and after. But such so-called substantial changes are often regarded ...
problems with the Multiverse
... arguments concerning the multiverse are of probabilistic type, and all of them presuppose that there exists a probability measure on the set of all possible initial conditions (or at least on some of its subsets), or on the ensemble of universes (or at least on some of its subensembles). This leads ...
... arguments concerning the multiverse are of probabilistic type, and all of them presuppose that there exists a probability measure on the set of all possible initial conditions (or at least on some of its subsets), or on the ensemble of universes (or at least on some of its subensembles). This leads ...
A vague statement - David Kelsey`s Philosophy Home Page
... Example: Knowledge is true belief • All Knowledge is true belief. • All true belief is knowledge. • Universal generalizations and counterexamples ...
... Example: Knowledge is true belief • All Knowledge is true belief. • All true belief is knowledge. • Universal generalizations and counterexamples ...
"PLAIN MEANING" REFERS TO THE ORDINARY AND
... claimed, and should not be limited to preferred embodiments in the specification.). The ordinary and customary meaning of a term may be evidenced by a variety of sources, >including "the words of the claims themselves, the remainder of the specification, the prosecution history, and extrinsic eviden ...
... claimed, and should not be limited to preferred embodiments in the specification.). The ordinary and customary meaning of a term may be evidenced by a variety of sources, >including "the words of the claims themselves, the remainder of the specification, the prosecution history, and extrinsic eviden ...
Russell`s view of propositions in the Principles of Mathematics
... it seems clear that ‘Socrates’ stands for a thing, and so that ‘human’ stands for a concept. So is the correct view that ‘human’ and ‘humanity’ have different meanings? Russell thinks not, and gives the following argument: “For suppose that one as adjective differed from 1 as term. In this statement ...
... it seems clear that ‘Socrates’ stands for a thing, and so that ‘human’ stands for a concept. So is the correct view that ‘human’ and ‘humanity’ have different meanings? Russell thinks not, and gives the following argument: “For suppose that one as adjective differed from 1 as term. In this statement ...
Lexical and Compositional Semantics
... about the world. If you understand the language being spoken, then you understand what the world would need to look like for a given sentence to be true: I ...
... about the world. If you understand the language being spoken, then you understand what the world would need to look like for a given sentence to be true: I ...