Example exam questions2006
... Process control of high cell density cultures. Recombinant strains of E.coli have been shown to excrete acetate as an undesired and disruptive endproduct if glucose as the principal stubstrate is present in excess. This fermentation behaviour in spite of the excesss of oxygen is called Crabtree eff ...
... Process control of high cell density cultures. Recombinant strains of E.coli have been shown to excrete acetate as an undesired and disruptive endproduct if glucose as the principal stubstrate is present in excess. This fermentation behaviour in spite of the excesss of oxygen is called Crabtree eff ...
... this stage, the increase concentration of bacteria is due to the bacterial had already adapt the new environmental and can effectively consume on organic matters to grow. On the 21st day of operation, the concentration of the MLVSS remains constant for the next 6 operation days, with on the range b ...
Factors affecting Ecosystems
... Composting Composting, often described as nature’s way of recycling, is the biological process of decomposing (breaking up) of organic waste such as food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, worms, and coffee grounds, etc., into an extremely useful humus-like substance by various microorg ...
... Composting Composting, often described as nature’s way of recycling, is the biological process of decomposing (breaking up) of organic waste such as food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, worms, and coffee grounds, etc., into an extremely useful humus-like substance by various microorg ...
Assignment 2 solutions BioE 202
... Substrate inhibition is why phenol becomes less biodegradable at higher concentrations. Look at Fig 3 on this article on http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/25045336.pdf?acceptTC=true Same principle as I mentioned with using sugar in jellies – sugar is a substrate, but too much acts as a preservativ ...
... Substrate inhibition is why phenol becomes less biodegradable at higher concentrations. Look at Fig 3 on this article on http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/25045336.pdf?acceptTC=true Same principle as I mentioned with using sugar in jellies – sugar is a substrate, but too much acts as a preservativ ...
Waste Management What happens to the waste
... settlement tanks at Saltford is transferred to the Bristol sewerage treatment works where it could be converted into a pelleted soil conditioner. Material flushed down surface water drains on campus can go directly into the river Avon. Sewage treatment is a natural process. What happens in the sewag ...
... settlement tanks at Saltford is transferred to the Bristol sewerage treatment works where it could be converted into a pelleted soil conditioner. Material flushed down surface water drains on campus can go directly into the river Avon. Sewage treatment is a natural process. What happens in the sewag ...
PDF
... The emission reduction potential through energy recovery (biogas) and nutrient recovery (urine) was analyzed for a case study in India (Olt, 2008). For nutrient recovery it was calculated to 23 kg CO2e/(cap · a) resulting mainly from avoided energy consumption for the production and transportation o ...
... The emission reduction potential through energy recovery (biogas) and nutrient recovery (urine) was analyzed for a case study in India (Olt, 2008). For nutrient recovery it was calculated to 23 kg CO2e/(cap · a) resulting mainly from avoided energy consumption for the production and transportation o ...
Circulation of Nutrients
... building amino acid and nucleic acids etc decomposition releases minerals and nutrients for metabolic processes ...
... building amino acid and nucleic acids etc decomposition releases minerals and nutrients for metabolic processes ...
CE: 461
... 3. 10 MLD of wastewater with influent COD (So) of 800 mg/L is treated in an UASB reactor. In addition, the influent wastewater contains 300 mg/L of sulfate, and negligible amounts of sulfide. 50% conversion of this sulfate to sulfide, as per the following equation, SO 4 8e 8H S 4.H 2 ...
... 3. 10 MLD of wastewater with influent COD (So) of 800 mg/L is treated in an UASB reactor. In addition, the influent wastewater contains 300 mg/L of sulfate, and negligible amounts of sulfide. 50% conversion of this sulfate to sulfide, as per the following equation, SO 4 8e 8H S 4.H 2 ...
technical paper here.
... the digester for conversion bioprocess to take place. 2.3.2. Biomethane and Biohydrogen production processes After pretreatment step, the sludge is pumped into the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor for biogas generation using anaerobic digestion (AD). The microorganisms convert the o ...
... the digester for conversion bioprocess to take place. 2.3.2. Biomethane and Biohydrogen production processes After pretreatment step, the sludge is pumped into the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor for biogas generation using anaerobic digestion (AD). The microorganisms convert the o ...
Faculty Spotlight Jun Zhu
... treated with sequencing batch reactors to remove N and P, so the remaining water met the discharge limits. The N was changed to gas and released to the atmosphere while the P could be used in compost or fertilizers or other products. In Zhu’s research on resource recovery , he is producing bio-hydro ...
... treated with sequencing batch reactors to remove N and P, so the remaining water met the discharge limits. The N was changed to gas and released to the atmosphere while the P could be used in compost or fertilizers or other products. In Zhu’s research on resource recovery , he is producing bio-hydro ...
Full Text
... production of biogas was 13.75mLg 1VS in 0 ppt digester and 4.72mLg 1 VS in 29 ppt digester (Fig. 2). While the cumulative methane volume were 7.94 mLg 1 VS in 0 ppt digester and 2.38 mLg 1VS in 29 ppt digester. There were significantly different of cumulative biogas and methane production between 0 ...
... production of biogas was 13.75mLg 1VS in 0 ppt digester and 4.72mLg 1 VS in 29 ppt digester (Fig. 2). While the cumulative methane volume were 7.94 mLg 1 VS in 0 ppt digester and 2.38 mLg 1VS in 29 ppt digester. There were significantly different of cumulative biogas and methane production between 0 ...
Sewage Treatment/Cultural Eutrophication
... Sludge is an excellent soil conditioner and is used as a fertilizer on farmland. However, it needs additional treatment to make it suitable. This treatment is called anaerobic digestion and takes place in large, enclosed tanks. NYC sludge has too many heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu) and may not be use ...
... Sludge is an excellent soil conditioner and is used as a fertilizer on farmland. However, it needs additional treatment to make it suitable. This treatment is called anaerobic digestion and takes place in large, enclosed tanks. NYC sludge has too many heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu) and may not be use ...
Sewage Treatment/Cultural Eutrophication
... Sludge is an excellent soil conditioner and is used as a fertilizer on farmland. However, it needs additional treatment to make it suitable. This treatment is called anaerobic digestion and takes place in large, enclosed tanks. NYC sludge has too many heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu) and may not be use ...
... Sludge is an excellent soil conditioner and is used as a fertilizer on farmland. However, it needs additional treatment to make it suitable. This treatment is called anaerobic digestion and takes place in large, enclosed tanks. NYC sludge has too many heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu) and may not be use ...
Liquid Waste Management Wastewater
... manure, and soil; runoff from ranches and feedlots contains nutrients, organic matter, bacteria, growth hormones, and drugs ...
... manure, and soil; runoff from ranches and feedlots contains nutrients, organic matter, bacteria, growth hormones, and drugs ...
CVL212/CEL212 Lectures
... • Sewage microorganisms are cultivated and added to the wastewater. The microorganisms use organic matter from sewage as their food supply. This process leads to decomposition or biodegradation of organic wastes. • Two approaches are used to accomplish secondary treatment; fixed film, and suspended ...
... • Sewage microorganisms are cultivated and added to the wastewater. The microorganisms use organic matter from sewage as their food supply. This process leads to decomposition or biodegradation of organic wastes. • Two approaches are used to accomplish secondary treatment; fixed film, and suspended ...
Supporting Information Mass balance and life cycle
... organic and inorganic forms for effluent from AD of non-extracted algal biomass, manure and other wastes. Unfortunately, results are different based on different experimental conditions including loading rates, HRT, composition of the AD feedstock, etc. The N mineralization rate varies from 30% to 6 ...
... organic and inorganic forms for effluent from AD of non-extracted algal biomass, manure and other wastes. Unfortunately, results are different based on different experimental conditions including loading rates, HRT, composition of the AD feedstock, etc. The N mineralization rate varies from 30% to 6 ...
SUBMISSION OF PAPERS/POSTERS
... High-rate anaerobic technology is an accepted technology for industrial wastewater treatment. More than 2,000 full-scale installations are running worldwide (Van Lier, 2007) and mainly treat wastewaters containing readily degradable organic pollutants such as volatile fatty acids and carbohydrates. ...
... High-rate anaerobic technology is an accepted technology for industrial wastewater treatment. More than 2,000 full-scale installations are running worldwide (Van Lier, 2007) and mainly treat wastewaters containing readily degradable organic pollutants such as volatile fatty acids and carbohydrates. ...
Summer Engineering Research Internship for US Students (SERIUS) 2016 Host Department: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
... and 20 vol% CO. However, in terms of volume reduction, gasification shows an advantage, which means the solid residue produced from the anaerobic digestion is much more than gasification. Therefore, to further deal with the solid residue produced from anaerobic digestion, gasification is introdu ...
... and 20 vol% CO. However, in terms of volume reduction, gasification shows an advantage, which means the solid residue produced from the anaerobic digestion is much more than gasification. Therefore, to further deal with the solid residue produced from anaerobic digestion, gasification is introdu ...
GHERL - Greenhouse effect reduction from landfill gas LIFE05 ENV
... A study conducted on the potential reproducibility of the process concluded that there are no technical limitations for its replication in different sites. A comprehensive evaluation of the market potential of the process was also produced, finding that: The application of the process does not requ ...
... A study conducted on the potential reproducibility of the process concluded that there are no technical limitations for its replication in different sites. A comprehensive evaluation of the market potential of the process was also produced, finding that: The application of the process does not requ ...
MICRO ORGANISMS MECHANISM How do they work, how much
... B. Heterotrophic bacteria metabolize organic materials, such as hydrocarbons (saturated and unsaturated), organic acids and amines. III. The need for dissolved molecular oxygen further classifies bacteria as aerobic or anaerobic. A. Aerobic bacteria utilize dissolved oxygen in the respiratory proces ...
... B. Heterotrophic bacteria metabolize organic materials, such as hydrocarbons (saturated and unsaturated), organic acids and amines. III. The need for dissolved molecular oxygen further classifies bacteria as aerobic or anaerobic. A. Aerobic bacteria utilize dissolved oxygen in the respiratory proces ...
MUTAG ny Multi Phostrip
... increased amounts of phosphorus in their cells in the form of polyphosphate. To this end they must be given a selective advantage over other groups of microorganisms. These ambient conditions are created by briefly subjecting the treatment plant's biological community to strictly anaerobic condition ...
... increased amounts of phosphorus in their cells in the form of polyphosphate. To this end they must be given a selective advantage over other groups of microorganisms. These ambient conditions are created by briefly subjecting the treatment plant's biological community to strictly anaerobic condition ...
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT Objective
... remove or reduce the concentration of organic and inorganic compounds transform (i.e., oxidize) dissolved and particulate biodegradable constituents into acceptable end products capture and incorporate suspended and nonsettleble colloids to a biological floc or biofilm transform or remove N, ...
... remove or reduce the concentration of organic and inorganic compounds transform (i.e., oxidize) dissolved and particulate biodegradable constituents into acceptable end products capture and incorporate suspended and nonsettleble colloids to a biological floc or biofilm transform or remove N, ...
Systems and Markets Overview of Anaerobic digestion
... separation might not meet the standards required for useful application as a soil conditioner. In this case, the benefits of aerobic composting are minimal and the benefits of AD derive only from effective use of the biogas as fuel, from waste volume reduction, and a more rapid stabilisation of the ...
... separation might not meet the standards required for useful application as a soil conditioner. In this case, the benefits of aerobic composting are minimal and the benefits of AD derive only from effective use of the biogas as fuel, from waste volume reduction, and a more rapid stabilisation of the ...
Biological Treatment Processes
... 3.4 Anaerobic Treatment Processes Treatment under exclusion of oxygen Carbon mainly converted to methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) Used for high organic loadings Efficient and economic COD/BOD removal Low rate systems use very long HRT eg. Anaerobic ponds High rate systems use low HRT but need ...
... 3.4 Anaerobic Treatment Processes Treatment under exclusion of oxygen Carbon mainly converted to methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) Used for high organic loadings Efficient and economic COD/BOD removal Low rate systems use very long HRT eg. Anaerobic ponds High rate systems use low HRT but need ...
From photosynthesis to wastewater treatment: exploitation of gas
... uptake nitrogen and phosphorus. Batch experiments with C. protothecoides and activated sludge bacteria grown in real and synthetic wastewater were carried out in order to investigate their growth and their nutrient removal capacity under continuous light and under day/night cycle conditions. Five co ...
... uptake nitrogen and phosphorus. Batch experiments with C. protothecoides and activated sludge bacteria grown in real and synthetic wastewater were carried out in order to investigate their growth and their nutrient removal capacity under continuous light and under day/night cycle conditions. Five co ...
Anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as home fermentation, uses anaerobic digestion.Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally in some soils and in lake and oceanic basin sediments, where it is usually referred to as ""anaerobic activity"". This is the source of marsh gas methane as discovered by Volta in 1776.The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials. Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates, are broken down to soluble derivatives that become available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. These bacteria convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide. The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments.It is used as part of the process to treat biodegradable waste and sewage sludge. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose-grown energy crops, such as maize.Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, consisting of methane, carbon dioxide and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases. This biogas can be used directly as fuel, in combined heat and power gas engines or upgraded to natural gas-quality biomethane. The nutrient-rich digestate also produced can be used as fertilizer.With the re-use of waste as a resource and new technological approaches which have lowered capital costs, anaerobic digestion has in recent years received increased attention among governments in a number of countries, among these the United Kingdom (2011), Germany and Denmark (2011).