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GHERL - Greenhouse effect reduction from landfill gas LIFE05 ENV/IT/000874 Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data R e a d m o r e Contact details: Project Manager: Ennio Carnevale Tel: +39 055 4796349 Fax: +39 055 4796342 Email: [email protected] Project description: Background Solid waste disposal on land accounts for some 2.4% of total EU greenhouse gas emissions. The two main gases emitted are carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) as a result of the biodegradation of carbon compounds by anaerobic methanogenic bacteria. The rate of CO2 and CH4 emission increases with the amount of biodegradable waste going to landfill sites. Objectives The main objective of the GHERL project was to reduce the greenhouse effect resulting from biogas emissions from a municipal solid waste landfill. The reduction was planned to be achieved by means of CO2 capture from landfill gas in a final stable and solid form. This final solid compound was expected to be a simple scrap, which could then be disposed in the landfill itself. It was also to be a product useable as input in the chemical industry or agriculture. Results The GHERL project achieved its full set of objectives and expected results. It implemented a successful process for removing CO2 from landfill gas. The process is based on chemical absorption with appropriate reactant solutions and enabled capturing the CO2 in solid form. A prototype able to treat a part of the CO2 produced by the landfill was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the process. The prototype was installed on a landfill site currently managed by one of the project’s partners. The plant basically consists of a packed column where an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) come into contacts with the CO2 contained in the landfill gas. KOH and CO2 react, forming potassium carbonate (K2CO3), which can be recovered in solid form. An overall assessment of the process – including technical, economical and environmental aspects - was carried out. Applying the proposed process, 96.7% of the CO2 present in the landfill gas is captured, representing a reduction of 8-10% Nm3. Potential environmental benefits of a full-scale plant are substantial. A study conducted on the potential reproducibility of the process concluded that there are no technical limitations for its replication in different sites. A comprehensive evaluation of the market potential of the process was also produced, finding that: The application of the process does not require the development of special devices since most of the required components are fairly market standard This process can be used for any source of CO2, like for example biogas from anaerobic digestion It could be used for the production and selling of K2CO3, a product which has e.g. several applications e.g. in the chemical industry. Thereby primary fuel (methane) used to produce K2CO3 with the traditional method can be saved, and selling K2CO3 could enable to cover the investment and operation expenses, depending on the price of KOH and K2CO3 Further information on the project can be found in the project's layman report and After-LIFE Communication Plan (see "Read more" section). Top Environmental issues addressed: Themes Waste - End- o f-p i p e t rea t m en t - L a n d f i l l i n g Climate change Mitigation - GHG reduction in non EU ETS sectors Keywords emission reduction‚ municipal waste‚ greenhouse gas‚ landfill Target EU Legislation Waste Directive 75/442/EEC -"Waste framework directive" (15.07.1975) Directive 1999/31 - Landfill of waste (26.04.1999) Climate Change & Energy efficicency COM(2000)88 - "Towards a European Climate Change Programme (ECCP)" (08.03.2000) "Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - Declaration Offici ... Natura 2000 sites Not applicable Top Beneficiaries: Coordinator Type of organisation Description Partners Dipartimento di Energetica 'Sergio Stecco' Universita degli Studi di Firenze University Dipartimento di Energetica 'Sergio Stecco' Universita degli Studi di Firenze. The beneficiary is the Sergo Stecco Department of Energy of the University of Florence. Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche e dei Biosistemi–Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy Centro Servizi Ambiente Impianti S.p.A.–Terranova Bracciolini AR, Italy Cornelissen Consulting Services B.V., Enschede, The Netherlands Top Administrative data: Project reference Duration Total budget EU contribution Project location Top LIFE05 ENV/IT/000874 01-DEC-2005 to 30-MAY -2008 217,497.00 € 107,949.00 € Toscana(Italia) Read more: Project web site Publication: After-LIFE Communication Plan Publication: Layman report Publication: Layman report Project's website (IT/EN) Title: After-LIFE Communication Plan (EN) Year: 2008 No of pages: 1 Title: Layman report (EN) Year: 2008 No of pages: 8 Title: Layman report (IT) Year: 2008 No of pages: 9 Top Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data R e a d m o r e