CHAPTER 6
... nitrogenous materials can have on the environment. Nitrogen exists in many forms and can be changed from one form to another through biological processes in plants and animals. The relationship between the various forms of nitrogen is illustrated in the nitrogen cycle as shown in Exhibit 6-1. The sp ...
... nitrogenous materials can have on the environment. Nitrogen exists in many forms and can be changed from one form to another through biological processes in plants and animals. The relationship between the various forms of nitrogen is illustrated in the nitrogen cycle as shown in Exhibit 6-1. The sp ...
DEMON®: Number and capacity of installed systems
... In the DEMON® process, only half the available ammonia is nitrified to nitrite. This results in significant reductions in oxygen demand of the process (approximately 60%). ...
... In the DEMON® process, only half the available ammonia is nitrified to nitrite. This results in significant reductions in oxygen demand of the process (approximately 60%). ...
Food waste conversion options in Singapore
... acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidation, and energy use. These were chosen on the basis that they are most relevant to the food waste treatment options being compared. The Environmental Development of Industrial Products or EDIP 2007 is used as the basis for the environmental impact ca ...
... acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidation, and energy use. These were chosen on the basis that they are most relevant to the food waste treatment options being compared. The Environmental Development of Industrial Products or EDIP 2007 is used as the basis for the environmental impact ca ...
Fermentative Hydrogen Production: Influence of Application of
... The process has been designed to produce 60 kg/h of pure hydrogen (97 % vol) equivalent to 2 MW thermal power. A summary of the results for the two types of bacteria are shown in Table 4, reporting the most important parameters of the process, such as biomass consumption, dilution water demand and h ...
... The process has been designed to produce 60 kg/h of pure hydrogen (97 % vol) equivalent to 2 MW thermal power. A summary of the results for the two types of bacteria are shown in Table 4, reporting the most important parameters of the process, such as biomass consumption, dilution water demand and h ...
View Full Article - PDF - Global Science Research Journals
... lmax by a factor of two. The operation performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is often unstable as they process petrochemical wastewater. This is mainly due to the complicated wastewater natures (Shi et al., 2006) and the frequent shock loadings especially under the conditions with low t ...
... lmax by a factor of two. The operation performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is often unstable as they process petrochemical wastewater. This is mainly due to the complicated wastewater natures (Shi et al., 2006) and the frequent shock loadings especially under the conditions with low t ...
The Effects of Wastewater Treatment Sludge on the Decomposition
... Composting is used to describe the biological anaerobic auto-heated decomposition and transformation process of organic material (Ylva). The desired operating temperature for composting ranges from 50 degrees to 70 degrees Celsius. The temperature is important because it describes different phases o ...
... Composting is used to describe the biological anaerobic auto-heated decomposition and transformation process of organic material (Ylva). The desired operating temperature for composting ranges from 50 degrees to 70 degrees Celsius. The temperature is important because it describes different phases o ...
John Ellison - Pirana System
... effectiveness of ATU treatment are very low BOD and TSS readings. The problem in the industry is that BOD is equated with undigested organic material that presents a threat to soil percolation. When such ATUs are used in new systems, the most common application, they are assumed to allow for a long ...
... effectiveness of ATU treatment are very low BOD and TSS readings. The problem in the industry is that BOD is equated with undigested organic material that presents a threat to soil percolation. When such ATUs are used in new systems, the most common application, they are assumed to allow for a long ...
CW-1 - City Of Beverly Hills
... b. When using waste stream reduction measures, the gross weight of the product is subtracted from a base weight of four (4) pounds per square foot of building area. This reduction is considered additional diversion and can be used in the waste reduction percentage calculations. 8. In the event that ...
... b. When using waste stream reduction measures, the gross weight of the product is subtracted from a base weight of four (4) pounds per square foot of building area. This reduction is considered additional diversion and can be used in the waste reduction percentage calculations. 8. In the event that ...
Treatment of communal sewage sludge: quantities, recent
... type and quality of treatment. The concentrations of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, copper and cobalt in sewage sludge vary depending on the contributions from industries and households to the sewer system and the efficiency of wastewater/sludge treatment system. Table 1 shows the compositio ...
... type and quality of treatment. The concentrations of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, copper and cobalt in sewage sludge vary depending on the contributions from industries and households to the sewer system and the efficiency of wastewater/sludge treatment system. Table 1 shows the compositio ...
Applying oxidation reduction potential sensors in biological
... embraced. Removing nitrogen and phosphorous biologically provides the lowest operating cost when running properly, and therefore is gaining popularity. All combined BNR systems share common elements: • An anaerobic zone free of dissolved oxygen and nitrate • An anoxic zone containing nitrates • An a ...
... embraced. Removing nitrogen and phosphorous biologically provides the lowest operating cost when running properly, and therefore is gaining popularity. All combined BNR systems share common elements: • An anaerobic zone free of dissolved oxygen and nitrate • An anoxic zone containing nitrates • An a ...
An innovative process that converts PVC waste into raw
... series of laboratory experiments, which by the end of 2001 have been scaled up to full-scale demonstration tests of short duration. The result is a process with utilization and recycling of all the components in any type of PVC waste. The heavy metals present in the PVC waste will, moreover, be conc ...
... series of laboratory experiments, which by the end of 2001 have been scaled up to full-scale demonstration tests of short duration. The result is a process with utilization and recycling of all the components in any type of PVC waste. The heavy metals present in the PVC waste will, moreover, be conc ...
Influence of physical and chemical factors on biological leaching
... Figure 1 shows the dynamics of pH changes during the 21 days of leaching process in biological systems and the control test, carried out with the adjustment of pH to 2,0. Samples inoculated with the smallest quantity of bacteria (10 %, 20 %) required more frequent adjustment of pH, compared to syste ...
... Figure 1 shows the dynamics of pH changes during the 21 days of leaching process in biological systems and the control test, carried out with the adjustment of pH to 2,0. Samples inoculated with the smallest quantity of bacteria (10 %, 20 %) required more frequent adjustment of pH, compared to syste ...
The Exploratory Study on Sulfide Removal Ability of Sulfur-
... Biogas is the result of the anaerobic digestion process of biodegradable substances. Anaerobic digestion is the process in which organic materials are degraded by anaerobic bacteria completing methanogenesis. The resulting biogas contains 55-70 % CH4, 30-45 CO2, and 0-1.5 % H2S. Hydrogen sulfide is ...
... Biogas is the result of the anaerobic digestion process of biodegradable substances. Anaerobic digestion is the process in which organic materials are degraded by anaerobic bacteria completing methanogenesis. The resulting biogas contains 55-70 % CH4, 30-45 CO2, and 0-1.5 % H2S. Hydrogen sulfide is ...
Presented
... •Inorganic nitrogen broken down mostly by denitrification •Nitrogen usually pretty high ...
... •Inorganic nitrogen broken down mostly by denitrification •Nitrogen usually pretty high ...
Biological Removal of Phosphorus from Wastewater and Recovery
... Water quality is heavily influenced by the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrates and phosphates. Although an excess of these two nutrients leads to eutrophication of the waters and, in the worse case, to the disappearance of the aquatic ecosystems, being the limiting nutrient as far as fr ...
... Water quality is heavily influenced by the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrates and phosphates. Although an excess of these two nutrients leads to eutrophication of the waters and, in the worse case, to the disappearance of the aquatic ecosystems, being the limiting nutrient as far as fr ...
Anaerobic degradation kinetics of reactive dye with different carbon
... processing. Subsequently, there has been a strong impact on the aquatic environment, such as the effects from bio-recalcitrant contaminants, which are a potential health hazard. The effluent from the dyeing and desizing processes contributes to the high colorant content and chemical oxygen demand (C ...
... processing. Subsequently, there has been a strong impact on the aquatic environment, such as the effects from bio-recalcitrant contaminants, which are a potential health hazard. The effluent from the dyeing and desizing processes contributes to the high colorant content and chemical oxygen demand (C ...
Photobiodegradation of halogenated aromatic pollutants
... Anaerobic soil environments would provide favorable conditions for the proliferation of these bacteria. Anaerobic processes are beneficial for eliminating pollutants from contaminated sites, in which oxygen is often unavailable due to its quick depletion with easily utilizable substrates, low solubi ...
... Anaerobic soil environments would provide favorable conditions for the proliferation of these bacteria. Anaerobic processes are beneficial for eliminating pollutants from contaminated sites, in which oxygen is often unavailable due to its quick depletion with easily utilizable substrates, low solubi ...
wastewater treatment – new challenges
... The value of the solubility product (10-13 based on mole) corresponds to a solution of Mg2+ of 0.1 mmole/l (2.4 mg Mg/l), NH4+ of 0.1 mmole/l (1.4 mg N/l) and 10-2 mmole phosphate/l (0.31 mg P/l). Based on the solubility product high removal efficiency could be expected of influent magnesium, ammoni ...
... The value of the solubility product (10-13 based on mole) corresponds to a solution of Mg2+ of 0.1 mmole/l (2.4 mg Mg/l), NH4+ of 0.1 mmole/l (1.4 mg N/l) and 10-2 mmole phosphate/l (0.31 mg P/l). Based on the solubility product high removal efficiency could be expected of influent magnesium, ammoni ...
2.3 Anaerobic, aerobic and facultative ponds
... bacteria involved in each. In hydrolysis, solid material is broken down by enzymes into soluble molecules. During fermentation, the soluble molecules are degraded by acidformer bacteria into acetate, hydrogen and CO2. Finally, two groups of methanogens produce methane from either acetate or hydrogen ...
... bacteria involved in each. In hydrolysis, solid material is broken down by enzymes into soluble molecules. During fermentation, the soluble molecules are degraded by acidformer bacteria into acetate, hydrogen and CO2. Finally, two groups of methanogens produce methane from either acetate or hydrogen ...
Lecture 7
... – Step1 (Hydrolysis): involves the hydrolysis of higher-molecularmass compounds into compounds suitable for use as a source of energy and carbon. – Step2 (Acidogenesis): conversion of compounds from step1 into lower-molecular-mass intermediate compounds. (nonmethanogenic bacteria) – Step3 (Methanoge ...
... – Step1 (Hydrolysis): involves the hydrolysis of higher-molecularmass compounds into compounds suitable for use as a source of energy and carbon. – Step2 (Acidogenesis): conversion of compounds from step1 into lower-molecular-mass intermediate compounds. (nonmethanogenic bacteria) – Step3 (Methanoge ...
Analytical Technologies for Water Treatment Biofilms
... stances grow with time into larger granules. Fine granules showed a condition where the overall body was covered with extracellular secretion and bacterial coagulants showed a state in which bacteria themselves stuck to each other. At start-up period of wastewater treatment facilities where anaerobi ...
... stances grow with time into larger granules. Fine granules showed a condition where the overall body was covered with extracellular secretion and bacterial coagulants showed a state in which bacteria themselves stuck to each other. At start-up period of wastewater treatment facilities where anaerobi ...
Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from
... Statutory Order no. 56 of 24 January 2000, impose quality criteria for sewage sludge to be used as field fertilizers. One of the most important groups of compounds that are regulated is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are persistent, widespread, and can have a negative influence on bio ...
... Statutory Order no. 56 of 24 January 2000, impose quality criteria for sewage sludge to be used as field fertilizers. One of the most important groups of compounds that are regulated is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are persistent, widespread, and can have a negative influence on bio ...
1. Liquid Waste Management
... which is a reduction of oxygen in the bloodstream of babies. Phosphorous may be dissolved by rainwater as it percolates through soil rich in phosphorous and nitrate fertilisers. In sewage and industrial waste, phosphates are introduced from excess foods, industrial discharges and synthetic detergent ...
... which is a reduction of oxygen in the bloodstream of babies. Phosphorous may be dissolved by rainwater as it percolates through soil rich in phosphorous and nitrate fertilisers. In sewage and industrial waste, phosphates are introduced from excess foods, industrial discharges and synthetic detergent ...
Anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as home fermentation, uses anaerobic digestion.Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally in some soils and in lake and oceanic basin sediments, where it is usually referred to as ""anaerobic activity"". This is the source of marsh gas methane as discovered by Volta in 1776.The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials. Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates, are broken down to soluble derivatives that become available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. These bacteria convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide. The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments.It is used as part of the process to treat biodegradable waste and sewage sludge. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose-grown energy crops, such as maize.Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, consisting of methane, carbon dioxide and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases. This biogas can be used directly as fuel, in combined heat and power gas engines or upgraded to natural gas-quality biomethane. The nutrient-rich digestate also produced can be used as fertilizer.With the re-use of waste as a resource and new technological approaches which have lowered capital costs, anaerobic digestion has in recent years received increased attention among governments in a number of countries, among these the United Kingdom (2011), Germany and Denmark (2011).