Epidemiology of Outbreaks in Ireland, 2007
... Table 3 outlines the responsible pathogens and numbers ill. Tuberculosis was the most common cause of non-IID outbreaks notified. An outbreak notified by HSE-S in March 2007 resulted in 21 cases of tuberculosis (18 children and 3 adults) and involved two crèches. The vast majority of child cases wer ...
... Table 3 outlines the responsible pathogens and numbers ill. Tuberculosis was the most common cause of non-IID outbreaks notified. An outbreak notified by HSE-S in March 2007 resulted in 21 cases of tuberculosis (18 children and 3 adults) and involved two crèches. The vast majority of child cases wer ...
The global distribution of Crimean
... sheep and goats) or tick vector habitats being particularly at risk of infectious tick bites, and those working in animal slaughterhouses being at risk for blood-borne exposure.16,17 Human-to-human transmission is possible, typically amongst healthcare workers or close relatives having close contact ...
... sheep and goats) or tick vector habitats being particularly at risk of infectious tick bites, and those working in animal slaughterhouses being at risk for blood-borne exposure.16,17 Human-to-human transmission is possible, typically amongst healthcare workers or close relatives having close contact ...
prospectives and necessity of eradication of infectious bovine
... enables differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA principle) during the monitoring process – testing of seroconversion and vaccination effects using appropriate diagnostic tools. This provides useful information on disease status within the herd, i.e., stagnation or progress. Suc ...
... enables differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA principle) during the monitoring process – testing of seroconversion and vaccination effects using appropriate diagnostic tools. This provides useful information on disease status within the herd, i.e., stagnation or progress. Suc ...
Transmission of Varicella Zoster Virus From Individuals With Herpes
... Since 1995, both varicella and HZ have been reportable in Philadelphia. PDPH has conducted active surveillance for these conditions in West Philadelphia, where approximately one-fifth of the city’s 1.4 million residents reside, and passive surveillance for both in the remainder of the city. Active s ...
... Since 1995, both varicella and HZ have been reportable in Philadelphia. PDPH has conducted active surveillance for these conditions in West Philadelphia, where approximately one-fifth of the city’s 1.4 million residents reside, and passive surveillance for both in the remainder of the city. Active s ...
HPSC annual report 2010 - Health Protection Surveillance Centre
... provided data to ECDC in their latest report (2008 data). and antimicrobial use in long term care facilities in the summer of 2010. The low rate of pressure sores The very high rate of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli and urinary catheter use, despite a high proportion of (VTEC) reported in 2009 decre ...
... provided data to ECDC in their latest report (2008 data). and antimicrobial use in long term care facilities in the summer of 2010. The low rate of pressure sores The very high rate of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli and urinary catheter use, despite a high proportion of (VTEC) reported in 2009 decre ...
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMALLPOX CHAPTER 4 Contents
... endemic in some 40% of the countries of Asia in 1958. In Africa progress was even slower, except for the gradual reduction in the number of reported cases and the elimination of endemic smallpox in the countries of northern Africa and some of the small sparsely populated countries in southern Africa ...
... endemic in some 40% of the countries of Asia in 1958. In Africa progress was even slower, except for the gradual reduction in the number of reported cases and the elimination of endemic smallpox in the countries of northern Africa and some of the small sparsely populated countries in southern Africa ...
Michael Marks †,‡,*, Oriol Mitjà§,**, Anthony W. Solomon , Kingsley
... months), haematogenous and lymphatic spread of treponemes may result in progression to secondary yaws, which predominantly affects the skin and bones,18,19 often with general malaise and lymphadenopathy. As with venereal syphilis, a wide range of skin manifestations has been described in secondary y ...
... months), haematogenous and lymphatic spread of treponemes may result in progression to secondary yaws, which predominantly affects the skin and bones,18,19 often with general malaise and lymphadenopathy. As with venereal syphilis, a wide range of skin manifestations has been described in secondary y ...
Yaws in the Americas, 1950—1975
... the disease at local and international levels and more aggressive case finding and follow-up in areas where the disease is known or suspected to occur. A revised strategy for dealing with yaws has been described elsewhere [49]. As the situation now stands, yaws may gradual ly disappear from this hem ...
... the disease at local and international levels and more aggressive case finding and follow-up in areas where the disease is known or suspected to occur. A revised strategy for dealing with yaws has been described elsewhere [49]. As the situation now stands, yaws may gradual ly disappear from this hem ...
Taenia saginata and solium
... Infected people may become aware of infection by noticing proglottid segments of the tapeworm in their feces. Symptoms of infection, if any, are general: nausea, intestinal upset, vague abdominal symptoms such as hunger pains, diarrhea and/or constipation, or chronic indigestion. Increased eosinophi ...
... Infected people may become aware of infection by noticing proglottid segments of the tapeworm in their feces. Symptoms of infection, if any, are general: nausea, intestinal upset, vague abdominal symptoms such as hunger pains, diarrhea and/or constipation, or chronic indigestion. Increased eosinophi ...
Changing Patterns of Autochthonous Malaria
... infected only if they take a blood meal from a person whose blood contains mature male and female stages (gametocytes) of the parasite. A complex cycle of development and multiplication then begins with union of the male and female stages in the stomach of the vector and ends with parasites, called ...
... infected only if they take a blood meal from a person whose blood contains mature male and female stages (gametocytes) of the parasite. A complex cycle of development and multiplication then begins with union of the male and female stages in the stomach of the vector and ends with parasites, called ...
Week 45, 6-12 November 2016 CDTR - ECDC
... Global public health efforts are ongoing to eradicate polio, a crippling and potentially fatal disease, by immunising every child until transmission of the virus has completely stopped and the world becomes polio-free. Polio was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by ...
... Global public health efforts are ongoing to eradicate polio, a crippling and potentially fatal disease, by immunising every child until transmission of the virus has completely stopped and the world becomes polio-free. Polio was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by ...
Disease in History - Smallpox history and its control in India
... The arrival of smallpox in Europe and south-western Asia is less clear. Smallpox is not described in either the Old or New Testaments of the Bible, or in literature of the Greeks and Romans. Scholars agree it is very unlikely such a serious disease as variola major would have escaped a description b ...
... The arrival of smallpox in Europe and south-western Asia is less clear. Smallpox is not described in either the Old or New Testaments of the Bible, or in literature of the Greeks and Romans. Scholars agree it is very unlikely such a serious disease as variola major would have escaped a description b ...
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS POTENTIATES THE INFECTIVITY OF
... protection and repair proteins, including a deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase gene specifically for repair of UV-induced DNA damage (3). Essential virulence factors and corresponding genes in the B. anthracis genome have also been identified. Two plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, encode for several virulence ...
... protection and repair proteins, including a deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase gene specifically for repair of UV-induced DNA damage (3). Essential virulence factors and corresponding genes in the B. anthracis genome have also been identified. Two plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, encode for several virulence ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 2008
... diagnostics for norovirus in more general use than just during epidemics and institutional outbreaks. In addition to children, adults fell ill with hand, foot, and mouth disease with exceptional symptoms during the severe hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreak in the autumn of 2008. Food- and water- ...
... diagnostics for norovirus in more general use than just during epidemics and institutional outbreaks. In addition to children, adults fell ill with hand, foot, and mouth disease with exceptional symptoms during the severe hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreak in the autumn of 2008. Food- and water- ...
Welfare assessment in young pet rabbits and guinea pigs in the
... 2,2 years, had a dental problem. Most of these were subclinical, but some were severe and the majority of owners were not aware.9 Rabbits are prone to dental disease, because they have open rooted incisors and cheek teeth that grow continuously.7, 10, 11 Thus the rabbits need to wear their teeth. Wi ...
... 2,2 years, had a dental problem. Most of these were subclinical, but some were severe and the majority of owners were not aware.9 Rabbits are prone to dental disease, because they have open rooted incisors and cheek teeth that grow continuously.7, 10, 11 Thus the rabbits need to wear their teeth. Wi ...
Volume 35, Number 1 - Minnesota Department of Health
... such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), to determine whether isolates (e.g., enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and invasive pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis) are related, and potentially associated with a common source. Testing of submitted isolates a ...
... such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), to determine whether isolates (e.g., enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and invasive pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis) are related, and potentially associated with a common source. Testing of submitted isolates a ...
Cases
... Cases and contacts can return to work or school 48 hours after symptoms have settled. However, contacts of the case who have or who have had symptoms suggestive of the same infection may be screened to establish the nature of the illness and managed accordingly. Exclude from work, school, nursery ...
... Cases and contacts can return to work or school 48 hours after symptoms have settled. However, contacts of the case who have or who have had symptoms suggestive of the same infection may be screened to establish the nature of the illness and managed accordingly. Exclude from work, school, nursery ...
Blastomycosis
... South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington.4 Northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin also have high incidence rates. In such hyperendemic areas, >1% of the total population of dogs is affected.2 Sporadic cases have also been reported in Colorado and New York State, suggesting a wider range of endemic ...
... South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington.4 Northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin also have high incidence rates. In such hyperendemic areas, >1% of the total population of dogs is affected.2 Sporadic cases have also been reported in Colorado and New York State, suggesting a wider range of endemic ...
Document
... During the June-to-November transmission season, ECDC monitors the situation in EU Member States and neighbouring countries in order to inform the blood safety authorities of areas affected by West Nile fever and changes in the epidemiology of the disease. ÎUpdate of the week This week, ten cases ha ...
... During the June-to-November transmission season, ECDC monitors the situation in EU Member States and neighbouring countries in order to inform the blood safety authorities of areas affected by West Nile fever and changes in the epidemiology of the disease. ÎUpdate of the week This week, ten cases ha ...
Optimal Disease Eradication
... would be reduced but not stopped even after eradication), or to stockpile vaccine, and prepare for emergency distribution in the event of an attack (the approach being by a number of countries, including the United States, with respect to smallpox). These kinds of measures shrink the eradication div ...
... would be reduced but not stopped even after eradication), or to stockpile vaccine, and prepare for emergency distribution in the event of an attack (the approach being by a number of countries, including the United States, with respect to smallpox). These kinds of measures shrink the eradication div ...
HEALTH PROTECTION TEAM DIRECTORATE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
... Individual with symptoms and/or a laboratory confirmed specimen ...
... Individual with symptoms and/or a laboratory confirmed specimen ...
IV. Risk assessment of main infectious diseases
... Hepatitis A is a kind of acute infectious disease which is transmissible through the fecal-oral route that may severely damage the liver. Contaminated food, water or close contact are common methods of transmission. From 2004 to 2007, In Sichuan province, there were 10,146 reported cases in 2004 and ...
... Hepatitis A is a kind of acute infectious disease which is transmissible through the fecal-oral route that may severely damage the liver. Contaminated food, water or close contact are common methods of transmission. From 2004 to 2007, In Sichuan province, there were 10,146 reported cases in 2004 and ...
4 Bacteria - World Health Organization
... 1000 diagnosed infections leads to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a paralysis that lasts weeks to months and usually requires intensive care. Approximately 5% of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome will die (Alketruse et al. 1999). Although rare, a number of cases are described in the literature (see fo ...
... 1000 diagnosed infections leads to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a paralysis that lasts weeks to months and usually requires intensive care. Approximately 5% of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome will die (Alketruse et al. 1999). Although rare, a number of cases are described in the literature (see fo ...
The new global map of human brucellosis
... reported in the past 3 years. Small foci still exist in the southeastern provinces of Savoie and Alpes Maritimes. Although massive progress has been achieved in minimising human disease in Spain, the country still has one of the highest annual incidences in Europe. Data are available for 1997–2003 f ...
... reported in the past 3 years. Small foci still exist in the southeastern provinces of Savoie and Alpes Maritimes. Although massive progress has been achieved in minimising human disease in Spain, the country still has one of the highest annual incidences in Europe. Data are available for 1997–2003 f ...
CORNEA-D-16-00007_pap 1..10 - Eye Bank Association of America
... keratoplasty that does not clear after 8 weeks without an identifiable operative or postoperative complication or underlying recipient condition that would explain the biologic dysfunction. • A graft-transmitted ocular infection caused by bacterial, fungal, viral, or Acanthamoeba etiologies and inclu ...
... keratoplasty that does not clear after 8 weeks without an identifiable operative or postoperative complication or underlying recipient condition that would explain the biologic dysfunction. • A graft-transmitted ocular infection caused by bacterial, fungal, viral, or Acanthamoeba etiologies and inclu ...
Dracunculiasis
Dracunculiasis, also called guinea worm disease (GWD), is an infection by the guinea worm. A person becomes infected when they drink water that contains water fleas infected with guinea worm larvae. Initially there are no symptoms. About one year later, the person develops a painful burning feeling as the female worm forms a blister in the skin, usually on the lower limb. The worm then comes out of the skin over the course of a few weeks. During this time, it may be difficult to walk or work. It is very uncommon for the disease to cause death.Humans and dogs are the only known animals that guinea worms infect. The worm is about one to two millimeters wide and an adult female is 60 to 100 centimeters long (males are much shorter at 12–29 mm or 0.47–1.14 in). Outside of humans the eggs can survive up to three weeks, during which they must be eaten by water fleas to continue to develop. The larva inside water fleas may survive up to four months. Thus the disease must occur each year in humans to stay in an area. A diagnosis of the disease can usually be made based on the signs and symptoms of the disease.Prevention is by early diagnosis of the disease followed by keeping the person from putting the wound in drinking water to decrease spread of the parasite. Other efforts include improving access to clean water and otherwise filtering water if it is not clean. Filtering through a cloth is often enough. Contaminated drinking water may be treated with a chemical called temefos to kill the larva. There is no medication or vaccine against the disease. The worm may be slowly removed over a few weeks by rolling it over a stick. The ulcers formed by the emerging worm may get infected by bacteria. Pain may continue for months after the worm has been removed.In 2014 there were 126 cases of the disease reported. This is down from 3.5 million cases in 1986. It only exists in 4 countries in Africa, down from 20 countries in the 1980s. The country most affected is South Sudan. It will likely be the first parasitic disease to be eradicated. Guinea worm disease has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in the Egyptian medical Ebers Papyrus, dating from 1550 BC. The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin ""affliction with little dragons"", while the name ""guinea worm"" appeared after Europeans saw the disease on the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th century. A species similar to guinea worms causes disease in other animals. These do not appear to infect humans. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease.