Learning
... Schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced after a set number of responses. Like when a video store promises a free rental with every 5 paid rentals. ...
... Schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced after a set number of responses. Like when a video store promises a free rental with every 5 paid rentals. ...
THE SHAPING OF PHYLOGENIC BEHAVIOR An unusual
... conditioning, following some such procedure as just described, or whether it was genetic. When ontogenic shaping can be ruled out, it is standard practice to infer that genetic selection has been responsible for an observed difference of this sort. The behavior of homing to a fixed site raises simil ...
... conditioning, following some such procedure as just described, or whether it was genetic. When ontogenic shaping can be ruled out, it is standard practice to infer that genetic selection has been responsible for an observed difference of this sort. The behavior of homing to a fixed site raises simil ...
1970 Schneider-Freedom and Lawful Behavior
... deliverance of mankind. II The second paradigm for control is called operant or instrumental learning. As before, the environment provides a stimulus, but it is applied after a behavior has occurred, so that, in effect, the stimulus acts as a reinforcer or punisher or rewarder. The behavior precedes ...
... deliverance of mankind. II The second paradigm for control is called operant or instrumental learning. As before, the environment provides a stimulus, but it is applied after a behavior has occurred, so that, in effect, the stimulus acts as a reinforcer or punisher or rewarder. The behavior precedes ...
FIT A General Intro
... Make your first reading a quick pass to pick up the overall structure and worry about the details later: Start with the big picture and then get into the fine points Always spend some time going back over earlier material Browse through the whole text now and then, to become familiar with what is to ...
... Make your first reading a quick pass to pick up the overall structure and worry about the details later: Start with the big picture and then get into the fine points Always spend some time going back over earlier material Browse through the whole text now and then, to become familiar with what is to ...
Teaching Dogs the Clicker Way
... behaviorists and cognitivists, Skinner's (1938) learning graphs showed a straight line of correct responding (i.e., lever pressing) and it often took one reinforcer to learn or at most a few of them. The rats learned from their success. There was no trial-and-error! Because of this Skinner sometimes ...
... behaviorists and cognitivists, Skinner's (1938) learning graphs showed a straight line of correct responding (i.e., lever pressing) and it often took one reinforcer to learn or at most a few of them. The rats learned from their success. There was no trial-and-error! Because of this Skinner sometimes ...
Units 3-4 Review
... 1. Be able to break down classical and operant conditioning / differentiate between the two a. US, UR, NS, CS, CR b. Positive vs. Negative Reinforcement / Punishment c. Voluntary vs. Involuntary 2. Know the difference between observational and latent conditioning: a. Be able to describe the followin ...
... 1. Be able to break down classical and operant conditioning / differentiate between the two a. US, UR, NS, CS, CR b. Positive vs. Negative Reinforcement / Punishment c. Voluntary vs. Involuntary 2. Know the difference between observational and latent conditioning: a. Be able to describe the followin ...
Baer DM, Wolf MM and Risley TR. Some current dimensions of
... Lawrence, KS 66045 September 22, 1982 “In 1966, a new doctoral training program began at the University of Kansas to see what the experimental analysis of behavior (often identified with operant conditioning) could do if applied to real-life personal and social problems ranging from idiosyncratic ma ...
... Lawrence, KS 66045 September 22, 1982 “In 1966, a new doctoral training program began at the University of Kansas to see what the experimental analysis of behavior (often identified with operant conditioning) could do if applied to real-life personal and social problems ranging from idiosyncratic ma ...
- Employees
... as a result of interactions with another individual. There are several distinct types. Social facilitation is where one individual becomes motivated to engage in a behavior because another is doing it. Group howling in dogs is socially facilitated. Stimulus enhancement is where one animal learns a r ...
... as a result of interactions with another individual. There are several distinct types. Social facilitation is where one individual becomes motivated to engage in a behavior because another is doing it. Group howling in dogs is socially facilitated. Stimulus enhancement is where one animal learns a r ...
Behavioral Analysis of Psychoanalytically Derived Interpretations
... Jean Spruill for her many hours spent in the statistical analysis and preparation of the data and to Elmer Beason for his excellent construction of the graphs. The writer expresses his thanks to Mrs. Vera M. Foil for the typing of the completed manuscript. Grateful acknowledgment is warmly expressed ...
... Jean Spruill for her many hours spent in the statistical analysis and preparation of the data and to Elmer Beason for his excellent construction of the graphs. The writer expresses his thanks to Mrs. Vera M. Foil for the typing of the completed manuscript. Grateful acknowledgment is warmly expressed ...
Animal Behavior Study Guide
... b. Sensory input is interpreted by the brain = perception. Example of Sensory-filtering Mechanism. = the nervous system selectively receives and processes particular information from the environment. Donald Griffin’s work with bats and Ken Roeder’s work with noctuid moths and their perception of bat ...
... b. Sensory input is interpreted by the brain = perception. Example of Sensory-filtering Mechanism. = the nervous system selectively receives and processes particular information from the environment. Donald Griffin’s work with bats and Ken Roeder’s work with noctuid moths and their perception of bat ...
Chapter 1 Applied psychology The branch of
... The name for all schedules of reinforcement in which a designated response is reinforced only some of the time. Learning A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. Negative reinforcement Removing an aversive stimulus after a response. Observational learning ...
... The name for all schedules of reinforcement in which a designated response is reinforced only some of the time. Learning A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. Negative reinforcement Removing an aversive stimulus after a response. Observational learning ...
Radical Behaviorism is misunderstood when:
... 8. Be able to discuss how incorrect assumptions about the cause of disease gave rise to wildly inappropriate treatment procedures (include the system with the 4 humours – and the use of the gods). 9. Give an example of the intermingling of contingencies of reinforcement and contingencies of surviva ...
... 8. Be able to discuss how incorrect assumptions about the cause of disease gave rise to wildly inappropriate treatment procedures (include the system with the 4 humours – and the use of the gods). 9. Give an example of the intermingling of contingencies of reinforcement and contingencies of surviva ...
Freedom” B.F. Skinner & Sigmund Freud
... 1. Freedom must be inserted into Freud’s theory of personality. 2. Consciousness is a product of inherent personality qualities Id, Ego, Super-Ego, outside world. 3. Unconscious- influences our behavior in ways we can not full ...
... 1. Freedom must be inserted into Freud’s theory of personality. 2. Consciousness is a product of inherent personality qualities Id, Ego, Super-Ego, outside world. 3. Unconscious- influences our behavior in ways we can not full ...
psychChapter 16intro
... Unusualness Behavior that is experienced by only a few people may be abnormal, but not in all cases. Unusualness, by itself, is not enough to be called abnormal. ...
... Unusualness Behavior that is experienced by only a few people may be abnormal, but not in all cases. Unusualness, by itself, is not enough to be called abnormal. ...
Drive reduction theory
... According to theory this case described by Miller & Dollard (1941): A six year old girl who is hungry and wants candy is told that there is candy hidden under one of the books in a bookcase. The girl begins to pull out books in a random manner until she finally finds the correct book (210 seconds). ...
... According to theory this case described by Miller & Dollard (1941): A six year old girl who is hungry and wants candy is told that there is candy hidden under one of the books in a bookcase. The girl begins to pull out books in a random manner until she finally finds the correct book (210 seconds). ...
1. Most of our time awake is spent in a state called _____, in which
... A stage when a girl sees her mother as a rival to her father’s attention although she still has a strong attachment to her mother is called. a. Oedipus Complex b. Self-identity complex c. Superiority complex d. Electra complex Norman is very attached to his mother and Nina to her father. In what dev ...
... A stage when a girl sees her mother as a rival to her father’s attention although she still has a strong attachment to her mother is called. a. Oedipus Complex b. Self-identity complex c. Superiority complex d. Electra complex Norman is very attached to his mother and Nina to her father. In what dev ...
Chapter 3 Practice Test with Answers
... stimulus is associated with a reward or a punishment. Operant conditioning is a form of conditioning also called trial-and-error learning. Insight is the ability to respond appropriately to a new situation without previous experience. Imprinting is learning that is limited to a specific time period ...
... stimulus is associated with a reward or a punishment. Operant conditioning is a form of conditioning also called trial-and-error learning. Insight is the ability to respond appropriately to a new situation without previous experience. Imprinting is learning that is limited to a specific time period ...
Reinforcement - Basic Knowledge 101
... analysis of behavior and is a core concept in some medical and psychopharmacology models, particularly addiction, In most cases reinforcement refers to an enhancement of dependence, and compulsion. ...
... analysis of behavior and is a core concept in some medical and psychopharmacology models, particularly addiction, In most cases reinforcement refers to an enhancement of dependence, and compulsion. ...
Animal Behavior
... • Ethologist: a scientist who studies animal behavior in nature – Is behavior inherited? – Is behavior learned? – Can a behavior be both? – What triggers the expression of a behavior? ...
... • Ethologist: a scientist who studies animal behavior in nature – Is behavior inherited? – Is behavior learned? – Can a behavior be both? – What triggers the expression of a behavior? ...
Reinforcement
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus. This strengthening effect may be measured as a higher frequency of behavior (e.g., pulling a lever more frequently), longer duration (e.g., pulling a lever for longer periods of time), greater magnitude (e.g., pulling a lever with greater force), or shorter latency (e.g., pulling a lever more quickly following the antecedent stimulus).Although in many cases a reinforcing stimulus is a rewarding stimulus which is ""valued"" or ""liked"" by the individual (e.g., money received from a slot machine, the taste of the treat, the euphoria produced by an addictive drug), this is not a requirement. Indeed, reinforcement does not even require an individual to consciously perceive an effect elicited by the stimulus. Furthermore, stimuli that are ""rewarding"" or ""liked"" are not always reinforcing: if an individual eats at a fast food restaurant (response) and likes the taste of the food (stimulus), but believes it is bad for their health, they may not eat it again and thus it was not reinforcing in that condition. Thus, reinforcement occurs only if there is an observable strengthening in behavior.In most cases reinforcement refers to an enhancement of behavior but this term may also refer to an enhancement of memory. One example of this effect is called post-training reinforcement where a stimulus (e.g. food) given shortly after a training session enhances the learning. This stimulus can also be an emotional one. A good example is that many people can explain in detail where they were when they found out the World Trade Center was attacked.Reinforcement is an important part of operant or instrumental conditioning.