Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
... much less intensive investigations compared with other anthropogenic forcings. • Radiative forcing due to changes in total solar irradiance (TSI) is estimated to be +0.3 ± 0.2 Wm−2 for the period 1750 to the present. The wide range given, and the very low LOSU, are largely due to uncertainties in pa ...
... much less intensive investigations compared with other anthropogenic forcings. • Radiative forcing due to changes in total solar irradiance (TSI) is estimated to be +0.3 ± 0.2 Wm−2 for the period 1750 to the present. The wide range given, and the very low LOSU, are largely due to uncertainties in pa ...
Estimation of the direct radiative forcing due to sulfate and soot
... extinction coefficient, and (ii) through increase in the mass of water, which dominates over (i). The asymmetry factor increases with increasing relative humidity. This means that the larger particles will scatter more radiation into the forward direction and reduce the effect of larger aerosol part ...
... extinction coefficient, and (ii) through increase in the mass of water, which dominates over (i). The asymmetry factor increases with increasing relative humidity. This means that the larger particles will scatter more radiation into the forward direction and reduce the effect of larger aerosol part ...
The Role of the Sun in Climate Change - United Diversity
... Sunspots are part of solar "active regions" famous for their flares, coronal mass ejections, and other forms of activity. These features result when the sun's surface magnetic field gains sufficient strength to inhibit the convective heat flow from the sun's interior. Because sunspots are 1500 °K co ...
... Sunspots are part of solar "active regions" famous for their flares, coronal mass ejections, and other forms of activity. These features result when the sun's surface magnetic field gains sufficient strength to inhibit the convective heat flow from the sun's interior. Because sunspots are 1500 °K co ...
the publication
... flows at the top of atmosphere, referred to as radiative forcing. There is ample evidence that at least in the last few millennia radiative forcing and climate change are linked in an approximate linear way. This implies that the change in weather statistics can be described in terms of changes in s ...
... flows at the top of atmosphere, referred to as radiative forcing. There is ample evidence that at least in the last few millennia radiative forcing and climate change are linked in an approximate linear way. This implies that the change in weather statistics can be described in terms of changes in s ...
Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview
... periods occurred earlier, in particular during the present interglacial (the Holocene), i.e. the past w11,600 years. For example, several multi-century periods of substantial glacier advances and retreats were reconstructed from the North American Cordillera (Porter and Denton, 1967). Denton and Kar ...
... periods occurred earlier, in particular during the present interglacial (the Holocene), i.e. the past w11,600 years. For example, several multi-century periods of substantial glacier advances and retreats were reconstructed from the North American Cordillera (Porter and Denton, 1967). Denton and Kar ...
Separating Forced from Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past
... (LIA). Multimodel simulations of the past millennium are used together with a wide range of reconstructions of Northern Hemispheric mean annual temperature to separate climate variability from 850 to 1950 CE into components attributable to external forcing and internal climate variability. External ...
... (LIA). Multimodel simulations of the past millennium are used together with a wide range of reconstructions of Northern Hemispheric mean annual temperature to separate climate variability from 850 to 1950 CE into components attributable to external forcing and internal climate variability. External ...
Radiative Forcing and Climate Feedbacks
... quantified. Their combined RF is a positive value and CO2 is the largest contributor to the RF. The climate system gains energy surface warming Several feedbacks are activated in the climate system in response to the radiative forcing. They determine the sensitivity of the climate system: Po ...
... quantified. Their combined RF is a positive value and CO2 is the largest contributor to the RF. The climate system gains energy surface warming Several feedbacks are activated in the climate system in response to the radiative forcing. They determine the sensitivity of the climate system: Po ...
Paleoclimate forcing by the solar De Vries/Suess cycle
... a good correlation, particularly when incorporating volcanic activity. Cliver et al. (1998) show a precise linear dependence of solar magnetic field (thus solar activity) and Earth temperature and estimate the influence of the Sun on the 20th century Earth climate change up to 100 %. Raspopov et al. ...
... a good correlation, particularly when incorporating volcanic activity. Cliver et al. (1998) show a precise linear dependence of solar magnetic field (thus solar activity) and Earth temperature and estimate the influence of the Sun on the 20th century Earth climate change up to 100 %. Raspopov et al. ...
Solar Influences on Climate
... basis of quantitative energetic considerations. On average the Earth absorbs solar energy at the rate of (1 – A)ITS/4, where A is the Earth’s albedo and ITS is the total solar irradiance (TSI), i.e., the total electromagnetic power per unit area of cross section arriving at the mean distance of Eart ...
... basis of quantitative energetic considerations. On average the Earth absorbs solar energy at the rate of (1 – A)ITS/4, where A is the Earth’s albedo and ITS is the total solar irradiance (TSI), i.e., the total electromagnetic power per unit area of cross section arriving at the mean distance of Eart ...
A Multi-Model Assessment of Regional Climate Disparities Caused
... Figure 8: The actual values of D (Equation 3) associated with the top and middle panels of Supplemental Figure 5. For each individual region, small values of D are achievable if only considering temperature. The same is true for precipitation in most, but not all, regions. ...
... Figure 8: The actual values of D (Equation 3) associated with the top and middle panels of Supplemental Figure 5. For each individual region, small values of D are achievable if only considering temperature. The same is true for precipitation in most, but not all, regions. ...
Dynamics of the coupled human-climate system resulting from
... excessive amplification or even instability, described in Section 4 below. There is thus competition between the objective of steering the climate to the desired target state, and that of avoiding spurious response to natural climate variability. The basic concept behind the waterbed limitations is ...
... excessive amplification or even instability, described in Section 4 below. There is thus competition between the objective of steering the climate to the desired target state, and that of avoiding spurious response to natural climate variability. The basic concept behind the waterbed limitations is ...
Document
... Supplemental Section 2. Differences between sunshade geoengineering and other types of solar geoengineering To illustrate how the impacts of solar geoengineering would depend on the type of solar geoengineering deployed and the manner of its deployment, we present here some key differences among so ...
... Supplemental Section 2. Differences between sunshade geoengineering and other types of solar geoengineering To illustrate how the impacts of solar geoengineering would depend on the type of solar geoengineering deployed and the manner of its deployment, we present here some key differences among so ...
An astronomical correspondence to the 1470 year cycle of abrupt
... Solar forcing, through sunspot cyclicity and by association with the perihelion, was also incorporated in our model parameters. Sunspot activity modulates the cosmic ray flux in Earth’s atmosphere (Libby, 1960), whilst the perihelion plays an important role in the level of solar insolation reaching ...
... Solar forcing, through sunspot cyclicity and by association with the perihelion, was also incorporated in our model parameters. Sunspot activity modulates the cosmic ray flux in Earth’s atmosphere (Libby, 1960), whilst the perihelion plays an important role in the level of solar insolation reaching ...
Solstice Renewables is working with CIRENCESTER Royal
... The site comprises approximately 21 hectares of flat agricultural land. The site lies between Chichester and Bognor Regis. It is approximately 800m south east of Merston and is accessible from the B2166 (Pagham Road). Views of the site from surrounding homes and villages will be substantially screen ...
... The site comprises approximately 21 hectares of flat agricultural land. The site lies between Chichester and Bognor Regis. It is approximately 800m south east of Merston and is accessible from the B2166 (Pagham Road). Views of the site from surrounding homes and villages will be substantially screen ...
the identification of a solar signal in climate records of the last 500
... While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over the last 500 years, the sun has played a role in the changing climate. However, there is little evidence to suggest that changes in irradiance are having a large impact on the ...
... While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over the last 500 years, the sun has played a role in the changing climate. However, there is little evidence to suggest that changes in irradiance are having a large impact on the ...
SNFI 2011 1 MHLM Solar Storms Neg Solar Storms Negative – 4
... La Porte acknowledged that the first response to the prospect of such technical and organizational disruptions is to try to learn to predict anomalies and extreme events, in short, to study space weather. But he argued that to stop there would be shortsighted. He emphasized the critical need to cond ...
... La Porte acknowledged that the first response to the prospect of such technical and organizational disruptions is to try to learn to predict anomalies and extreme events, in short, to study space weather. But he argued that to stop there would be shortsighted. He emphasized the critical need to cond ...
Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a
... unclear whether the MWP and LIA were truly global phenomena or whether current temperature reconstructions reflect more regional conditions. Analysing a large number of records, Hughes and Diaz (1994) argued that, in some areas of the world, the temperatures were relatively high during the MWP, in pa ...
... unclear whether the MWP and LIA were truly global phenomena or whether current temperature reconstructions reflect more regional conditions. Analysing a large number of records, Hughes and Diaz (1994) argued that, in some areas of the world, the temperatures were relatively high during the MWP, in pa ...
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
... Oscillation (QBO) by itself. Therefore, a QBO nudging is applied by a linear relaxation of the zonal winds in the equatorial stratosphere (Giorgetta et al., 1999). The model assimilates the QBO input data between 20◦ N to 20◦ S in the horizontal and from 90 hPa up to 3 hPa in the vertical. ECHAM5 al ...
... Oscillation (QBO) by itself. Therefore, a QBO nudging is applied by a linear relaxation of the zonal winds in the equatorial stratosphere (Giorgetta et al., 1999). The model assimilates the QBO input data between 20◦ N to 20◦ S in the horizontal and from 90 hPa up to 3 hPa in the vertical. ECHAM5 al ...
hhidalgo_4th_symp
... Detection of climate change is the process of identifying if an observed change is significantly different from what would be expected from natural internal climate variability (Hegerl et al. 2006). Attribution of anthropogenic climate change is the process of identifying if the observed change is: ...
... Detection of climate change is the process of identifying if an observed change is significantly different from what would be expected from natural internal climate variability (Hegerl et al. 2006). Attribution of anthropogenic climate change is the process of identifying if the observed change is: ...
AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
... manuscript may be downloaded, distributed, and cited, but please be aware that there will be visual differences and possibly some content differences between this version and the final published version. The DOI for this manuscript is doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0063.1 The final published version of this ...
... manuscript may be downloaded, distributed, and cited, but please be aware that there will be visual differences and possibly some content differences between this version and the final published version. The DOI for this manuscript is doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0063.1 The final published version of this ...
Radiative forcing of gases, aerosols and, clouds.
... Figure 25.7 Instantaneous change in the spatial distribution of the net (solar plus longwave) radiative flux (W m–2) due to natural plus anthropogenic forcings between the years 1860 and 2000. Results here are intended to be illustrative examples of these quantities in two different climate models. ...
... Figure 25.7 Instantaneous change in the spatial distribution of the net (solar plus longwave) radiative flux (W m–2) due to natural plus anthropogenic forcings between the years 1860 and 2000. Results here are intended to be illustrative examples of these quantities in two different climate models. ...
CLIMATE AND WEATHER OF THE SUN
... magnetic flux, leading to magnetic reconnection and energy release. Flares are often accompanied by Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), but the relation is not one to one. During solar flares, Solar Energetic Particles (SEP - see Section 4.2) can be accelerated up to high energies in the GeV range. In add ...
... magnetic flux, leading to magnetic reconnection and energy release. Flares are often accompanied by Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), but the relation is not one to one. During solar flares, Solar Energetic Particles (SEP - see Section 4.2) can be accelerated up to high energies in the GeV range. In add ...
Can cosmic rays affect cloud condensation nuclei by altering new
... other analyses have shown both strong correlations [e.g., Harrison and Stephenson, 2006] and weaker or no correlation [e.g., Sun and Bradley, 2002]. [4] Cosmic-ray proxies indicate that the cosmic-ray flux has decreased over the past century by an amount similar to the cosmic-ray change during a sol ...
... other analyses have shown both strong correlations [e.g., Harrison and Stephenson, 2006] and weaker or no correlation [e.g., Sun and Bradley, 2002]. [4] Cosmic-ray proxies indicate that the cosmic-ray flux has decreased over the past century by an amount similar to the cosmic-ray change during a sol ...
Solar activity and climate
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Solar activity has been a main driver of climate change over geologic time, although its role in the recent warming has not been found to be significant.