SING TO THE POWER A Tapestry of Faith Program for Children
... ways that they, their families and their communities (including their congregation) could reduce their use of fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) which cause climate change. Remind them that manufacturing things always takes energy, so ways of using less or reusing items are ways to fight climate chang ...
... ways that they, their families and their communities (including their congregation) could reduce their use of fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) which cause climate change. Remind them that manufacturing things always takes energy, so ways of using less or reusing items are ways to fight climate chang ...
Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a
... greenhouse gas emissions on global surface temperature, but may also result in undesirable side effects for crucial parts of the Earth system and humankind. An SRM-engineered climate would regionally differ from a naturally balanced (say preindustrial) climate of the same global mean temperature bec ...
... greenhouse gas emissions on global surface temperature, but may also result in undesirable side effects for crucial parts of the Earth system and humankind. An SRM-engineered climate would regionally differ from a naturally balanced (say preindustrial) climate of the same global mean temperature bec ...
Coherence among the Northern Hemisphere land, cryosphere, and
... because of a lack of long-term observational data across life supporting natural systems to attribute the detected climate change impacts to natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. Although the attribution of climatic conditions and detection of the anthropogenic signal is now a mature discip ...
... because of a lack of long-term observational data across life supporting natural systems to attribute the detected climate change impacts to natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. Although the attribution of climatic conditions and detection of the anthropogenic signal is now a mature discip ...
A fractal climate response function can simulate global average
... by a single e-folding time. They are therefore believed to produce inaccurate estimates of this function (Wigley et al 2005a, Foster et al 2008, Knutti et al 2008; see also Sect. 3.4). In this article, I introduce a simple climate response function that lifts the restriction of a single e-folding ti ...
... by a single e-folding time. They are therefore believed to produce inaccurate estimates of this function (Wigley et al 2005a, Foster et al 2008, Knutti et al 2008; see also Sect. 3.4). In this article, I introduce a simple climate response function that lifts the restriction of a single e-folding ti ...
Combinations of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings in Twentieth
... years from about 1935 to 1970 lying outside the ensemble range, but do a very good job in capturing the late-century warming after 1970. If the responses from the individual forcings are added and their sum is compared to the simulation where they are all included together, there is a close correspo ...
... years from about 1935 to 1970 lying outside the ensemble range, but do a very good job in capturing the late-century warming after 1970. If the responses from the individual forcings are added and their sum is compared to the simulation where they are all included together, there is a close correspo ...
Climate Change and Its Causes - The Science and Public Policy
... average temperature could rise between 1.5 and 4.5 oC at equilibrium. The variability of climate sensitivity to CO2 is shown in Figure 4, which demonstrates an even wider sensitivity temperature range [5]. If greenhouse gases such as CO2 are the major causes of global warming, a climate sensitivity ...
... average temperature could rise between 1.5 and 4.5 oC at equilibrium. The variability of climate sensitivity to CO2 is shown in Figure 4, which demonstrates an even wider sensitivity temperature range [5]. If greenhouse gases such as CO2 are the major causes of global warming, a climate sensitivity ...
climate engineering: which role for space?
... Climate models show that the climate could be brought closer to the pre-industrial climate by applying geoengineering methods to decrease global temperatures [5–11]. Although the deliberate and global manipulation of Earth’s climate has long been ignored as a serious option to counteract global warm ...
... Climate models show that the climate could be brought closer to the pre-industrial climate by applying geoengineering methods to decrease global temperatures [5–11]. Although the deliberate and global manipulation of Earth’s climate has long been ignored as a serious option to counteract global warm ...
Causes of the Global Warming Observed since the 19th Century
... It is well known that the global, instrumental near-surface temperature records show a warming of Earth’s surface since the 19th century. It is equally certain that the concentrations of greenhouse gases have risen in Earth’s atmosphere due to humanity’s consumption of fossil fuels. However, to conc ...
... It is well known that the global, instrumental near-surface temperature records show a warming of Earth’s surface since the 19th century. It is equally certain that the concentrations of greenhouse gases have risen in Earth’s atmosphere due to humanity’s consumption of fossil fuels. However, to conc ...
How do the effects of SAE and CO 2 reduction
... Disadvantages of sulfate aerosol enhancement – regional climate change SAE modulates incoming short-wave solar radiation, as opposed to GHGs which modulates outgoing long-wave terrestrial radiation. Diurnal, seasonal and spatial pattern of the radiative forcing change through SAE is quite different ...
... Disadvantages of sulfate aerosol enhancement – regional climate change SAE modulates incoming short-wave solar radiation, as opposed to GHGs which modulates outgoing long-wave terrestrial radiation. Diurnal, seasonal and spatial pattern of the radiative forcing change through SAE is quite different ...
Energy Security - Space Solar Power Workshop
... records for 100s of sites, and found that bee diversity fell in almost 80% of them. Over the last 25 years, many bee species are declining or have become extinct. Plant declines closely mirrored those of their pollinators. Researchers were shocked by decline in plants as well as bees. If this patter ...
... records for 100s of sites, and found that bee diversity fell in almost 80% of them. Over the last 25 years, many bee species are declining or have become extinct. Plant declines closely mirrored those of their pollinators. Researchers were shocked by decline in plants as well as bees. If this patter ...
Rhodes Fairbridge and the idea that the solar system regulates the
... radical for its time and roundly rejected, is now acknowledged as a feature of the history of the planet. The periodic oscillations have continued throughout the last 6,000 years to the present time, but with diminishing amplitude. They show relatively rapid rises and falls of up to four metres, alt ...
... radical for its time and roundly rejected, is now acknowledged as a feature of the history of the planet. The periodic oscillations have continued throughout the last 6,000 years to the present time, but with diminishing amplitude. They show relatively rapid rises and falls of up to four metres, alt ...
Energy Security
... biodiversity records for 100s of sites, and found that bee diversity fell in almost 80% of them. Over the last 25 years, many bee species are declining or have become extinct. Plant declines closely mirrored those of their pollinators. Researchers were shocked by decline in plants as well as bees. I ...
... biodiversity records for 100s of sites, and found that bee diversity fell in almost 80% of them. Over the last 25 years, many bee species are declining or have become extinct. Plant declines closely mirrored those of their pollinators. Researchers were shocked by decline in plants as well as bees. I ...
Climate of the Past
... the impact of those uncertainties in the timing of land-cover changes, we have tested here another simple scenario in a new ensemble of 10 experiments. The crop fraction increases first linearly during the period 1000–1250 AD, reaching in 1250 AD the value imposed in 1450 AD in the standard scenario ...
... the impact of those uncertainties in the timing of land-cover changes, we have tested here another simple scenario in a new ensemble of 10 experiments. The crop fraction increases first linearly during the period 1000–1250 AD, reaching in 1250 AD the value imposed in 1450 AD in the standard scenario ...
Geomagnetic modulation of clouds effects in the Southern
... been observed to correlate with weather and climate anomalies. The level of water availability, local temperatures and precipitation rates are some of the phenomena which have been linked to the 11-year solar cycle of sunspot activity, but until now a plausible mechanism to explain some of these cor ...
... been observed to correlate with weather and climate anomalies. The level of water availability, local temperatures and precipitation rates are some of the phenomena which have been linked to the 11-year solar cycle of sunspot activity, but until now a plausible mechanism to explain some of these cor ...
PowerPoint Presentation - The Evergreen State College
... Fire and Water, Fall 2006 Over geologic time the Earth has experienced wide fluctuations in climate, such as ice ages. Earth is currently experiencing a rapid warming trend. A major factor determining global climate is the intensity of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth. However, climate changes c ...
... Fire and Water, Fall 2006 Over geologic time the Earth has experienced wide fluctuations in climate, such as ice ages. Earth is currently experiencing a rapid warming trend. A major factor determining global climate is the intensity of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth. However, climate changes c ...
Climate response to imposed solar radiation reductions in high
... M. C. MacCracken et al.: Climate response to imposed solar radiation reductions in high latitudes on surface vegetation, soil moisture, and the CO2 concentration. Although later versions of the NCAR community atmospheric model are being used by participants in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparis ...
... M. C. MacCracken et al.: Climate response to imposed solar radiation reductions in high latitudes on surface vegetation, soil moisture, and the CO2 concentration. Although later versions of the NCAR community atmospheric model are being used by participants in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparis ...
Without the Sun, the Earth would be no more than a frozen rock
... during the time period from 1650 to 1715 AD. This lack of solar activity, which some scientists attribute to a low point in a multiple-century-long cycle, may have been partly responsible for the Little Ice Age in Europe. During this period, winters in Europe were much longer and colder than they ar ...
... during the time period from 1650 to 1715 AD. This lack of solar activity, which some scientists attribute to a low point in a multiple-century-long cycle, may have been partly responsible for the Little Ice Age in Europe. During this period, winters in Europe were much longer and colder than they ar ...
(2006) 80-120 yr Long-term solar induced effects on the earth, past
... the weak cycles cause the lakes levels to rise in coherence with the cyclic variations of the weak sunspot. (2) The Great American Lakes (Lake Erie and the others) were influenced by an additional weak solar cycle. However it is suggested that lake Erie started this cyclic variation one solar cycle l ...
... the weak cycles cause the lakes levels to rise in coherence with the cyclic variations of the weak sunspot. (2) The Great American Lakes (Lake Erie and the others) were influenced by an additional weak solar cycle. However it is suggested that lake Erie started this cyclic variation one solar cycle l ...
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
... hotspots (that is, regions with 15 W m–2 forcing) (see Fig. 1b). Direct measurement of this solar heating has evaded us until now as it requires multiple aircraft flying over the same domain at different altitudes to measure flux divergences (that is, heating rates) for an extensive period of time. ...
... hotspots (that is, regions with 15 W m–2 forcing) (see Fig. 1b). Direct measurement of this solar heating has evaded us until now as it requires multiple aircraft flying over the same domain at different altitudes to measure flux divergences (that is, heating rates) for an extensive period of time. ...
PDO Annual has a period of 55-60 years
... Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. Climate model simulations suggest natural forcings alone (e.g., changes in solar irradiance) cannot explain the observed warming. L ...
... Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. Climate model simulations suggest natural forcings alone (e.g., changes in solar irradiance) cannot explain the observed warming. L ...
Solar influences on Climate
... It is not possible to explain the warming of the past sixty years on the basis of changes in solar activity alone. Over the past 150 years an overall increase in solar activity has probably contributed to global warming, mainly during the first half of the twentieth century. The effect is, however, ...
... It is not possible to explain the warming of the past sixty years on the basis of changes in solar activity alone. Over the past 150 years an overall increase in solar activity has probably contributed to global warming, mainly during the first half of the twentieth century. The effect is, however, ...
Empirical analysis of the solar contribution to global mean air
... more. This large uncertainty is mostly due to the current poor understanding and modeling of water vapor and cloud formation feedbacks which can have large effects on climate [Kirkby, 2007; Shaviv, 2008]. Indeed, significant discrepancies between climate model predictions and data are observed [Doug ...
... more. This large uncertainty is mostly due to the current poor understanding and modeling of water vapor and cloud formation feedbacks which can have large effects on climate [Kirkby, 2007; Shaviv, 2008]. Indeed, significant discrepancies between climate model predictions and data are observed [Doug ...
Vulnerability of solar energy infrastructure and output to climate
... possible power output. Increased temperature has a negative effect on current thinfilm (Mohring et al. 2004) and crystalline Si modules (Vick and Clark 2005; Radziemska 2003). There is evidence that some types of module perform better in warm conditions (Makrides et al. 2009; Carr and Pryor 2003; Go ...
... possible power output. Increased temperature has a negative effect on current thinfilm (Mohring et al. 2004) and crystalline Si modules (Vick and Clark 2005; Radziemska 2003). There is evidence that some types of module perform better in warm conditions (Makrides et al. 2009; Carr and Pryor 2003; Go ...
Natural hazards for the Earth`s civilization from space, 1. Cosmic ray
... intense radiation hazards for astronauts, for crew and passengers on regular airline flights at the altitude of about 10 km), and occasionally also for people on the ground level due to exceptional solar CR events. It was shown (References) that the predicted occurrence of such events (statistical d ...
... intense radiation hazards for astronauts, for crew and passengers on regular airline flights at the altitude of about 10 km), and occasionally also for people on the ground level due to exceptional solar CR events. It was shown (References) that the predicted occurrence of such events (statistical d ...
Solar activity and climate
Solar activity has been a main driver of climate change over geologic time, although its role in the recent warming has not been found to be significant.