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2. Chemistry of Living Things Outline
2. Chemistry of Living Things Outline

... In chemistry, a ____________ is something that _________ up or ________ down a chemical reaction. Catalysts are neither permanently ____________ nor __________ by the reaction they catalyze. In organisms, _____________ allow the chemical reactions of ______________ to take place more efficiently tha ...
Chemistry of Living Things Outline
Chemistry of Living Things Outline

...  In chemistry, a ____________ is something that _________ up or ________ down a chemical reaction.  Catalysts are neither permanently ____________ nor __________ by the reaction they catalyze.  In organisms, _____________ allow the chemical reactions of ______________ to take place more efficien ...
Enzyme Power Point
Enzyme Power Point

... Catalysts for biological reactions Most are proteins Lower the activation energy Increase the rate of reaction Activity lost if denatured May be simple proteins May contain cofactors such as metal ions or organic (vitamins) ...
Chap. 6B Enzymes Introduction to Enzymes How Enzymes Work
Chap. 6B Enzymes Introduction to Enzymes How Enzymes Work

... proteins have only one phosphorylation site, whereas others have several, and a few have dozens of sites for phosphorylation. The attachment of phosphoryl groups to specific amino acid residues of a protein is catalyzed by enzymes called protein kinases. In these reactions, typically the -phosphory ...
Study Guide for Test on Energy, Enzymes, Cell structure and
Study Guide for Test on Energy, Enzymes, Cell structure and

... Define energy and explain the various forms that it comes in eg. Kinetic, potential Differentiate between energy and work Explain what metabolism involves (catabolism and anabolism) Describe and explain the first and second law of thermodynamics Define bond energy, activation energy, transition stat ...
Biochemistry - Bishop Ireton High School
Biochemistry - Bishop Ireton High School

... • When glucose levels are low plants and animals can use their stored glucose but first they must break the polymer up into the monomer glucose. • This requires the reverse reaction of dehydration synthesis. Instead of pulling out a water molecule, a water molecule is added to break the bond. • One ...
ENZYMES
ENZYMES

... – Lipase works only on __________ – Sucrase works only on ____________ – Protease works only on ____________ – __________ works only on fructose ...
active site - Blue Valley Schools
active site - Blue Valley Schools

...  The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.  The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds.  Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction. ...
Level 2 Biology (90464) 2010 Assessment Schedule
Level 2 Biology (90464) 2010 Assessment Schedule

... will increase the rate of reaction. Until the available enzyme molecules become ‘saturated’ and the rate of reaction levels off. (May use a diagram to show this). • Co-enzyme – these organic molecules alter the shape of the active site in such a way that it can effectively combine with the substrate ...
Level 2 Biology (90464) 2010 Assessment Schedule
Level 2 Biology (90464) 2010 Assessment Schedule

... will increase the rate of reaction. Until the available enzyme molecules become ‘saturated’ and the rate of reaction levels off. (May use a diagram to show this). • Co-enzyme – these organic molecules alter the shape of the active site in such a way that it can effectively combine with the substrate ...
PAGES 1-41 INCL. 1. Overview (a) discovery of enzymes (b
PAGES 1-41 INCL. 1. Overview (a) discovery of enzymes (b

... - specificity relates to binding of substrate to enzyme - group specific enzymes can use a variety of substrates, each containing a certain functional group which is modified - absolute specificity utilize only one substrate (or specific pair) in one reaction 2.(a) What is a catalyst? - any molecule ...
WORD
WORD

Topic 3 Proteins as Drug Targets
Topic 3 Proteins as Drug Targets

... WITHOUT ENZYME ...
The ancestral role of ATP hydrolysis in type II topoisomerases
The ancestral role of ATP hydrolysis in type II topoisomerases

... The archetypal bacterial type IIA topoisomerase, DNA gyrase, transduces the free energy of ATP hydrolysis into negative supercoiling, passing one double helix (the Tsegment) though a transient double-stranded break in another (the G-segment). The homologous type IIA enzymes (topoisomerase IV, eukary ...
Cells - Jocha
Cells - Jocha

... 2) Enzymes are substrate specific Æ but coenzymes can work with several different enzymes 3) Cofactors ARE inorganic ions (zinc, iron, magnesium). Coenzymes are organic molecules 4) As in the case of some fatty acids and amino acids, some coenzymes cannot be produced by the body and need to be obtai ...
Class4 1-6 Win16 Enzymes and Nucleic Acids Notes
Class4 1-6 Win16 Enzymes and Nucleic Acids Notes

... 3.  An infinite number of reactions 4.  Many, but not infinite 5.  It depends on the enzyme 6.  Only 1 per type of substrate, but it can catalyze many different kinds of chemical reactions ...
video slide
video slide

... 2. Cooperativity These enzymes are usually composed of more than one polypeptide chain (fig 8.20). Inhibition/activation at one site affects all other active sites on the same molecule ...
Metabolism 2 PDF
Metabolism 2 PDF

... 2. Cooperativity These enzymes are usually composed of more than one polypeptide chain (fig 8.20). Inhibition/activation at one site affects all other active sites on the same molecule ...
STUDY GUIDE –Intro to Cell Biology
STUDY GUIDE –Intro to Cell Biology

... The process by which cells change to become different kinds of cells with different functions = DIFFERENTIATION The process by which organisms as a group change over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms = EVOLUTION What do we call embryonic cells that have th ...
Enzyme Specificity
Enzyme Specificity

Chapter 4 - Dr. Dorena Rode
Chapter 4 - Dr. Dorena Rode

... ___ 11. There are enzymes whose names do not have the characteristic “-ase” ending, or suffix. ___ 12. Isoenzymes display the same active site and catalyze the same chemical reaction but will differ in composition and structure elsewhere in the molecules. ___ 13. Ribozymes are unique molecules of RN ...
B. True or False/Edit
B. True or False/Edit

... ___ 11. There are enzymes whose names do not have the characteristic “-ase” ending, or suffix. ___ 12. Isoenzymes display the same active site and catalyze the same chemical reaction but will differ in composition and structure elsewhere in the molecules. ___ 13. Ribozymes are unique molecules of RN ...
Honors Enzyme reading
Honors Enzyme reading

... substrate. After the reaction, the products are released and the enzyme returns to its normal shape. Because the enzyme does not form chemical bonds with the substrate, it remains unchanged. As a result, the enzyme molecule can be reused. Only a small amount of enzyme is needed because they can be u ...
1 Enzyme Mechanisms Topics: TIM, Chymotrypsin, Rate
1 Enzyme Mechanisms Topics: TIM, Chymotrypsin, Rate

... BUT molecular biology entered the picture and confused everyone. In a mutagenesis experiment, Asp102 was changed to an asparagine, which has no charge and was therefore expected to kill the enzyme based on the above model. As it turned out, the activity did decrease, but only from about 108 to 10 4 ...
O - Batavia CSD
O - Batavia CSD

... A single enzyme molecule can catalyze thousands or more reactions a second . Enzymes use a variety of mechanisms to lower activation energy and speed a reaction The rate that a specific number of enzymes converts substrates to products depends in part on substrate concentrations. enzyme saturation: ...
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Enzyme



Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.
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