• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
respiration_DSE_revi..
respiration_DSE_revi..

... another example of substrate level phosphorylation. ...
Role of Water as a Solvent
Role of Water as a Solvent

... hydroxide and potassium hydrogenphthalate (KHP) to standardize the base solution, by placing 50.00 mg of solid potassium hydrogenphthalate in a flask with a few drops of an indicator. A buret is filled with the base, and the initial buret reading is 0.55 ml; at the end of the titration the buret rea ...
PowerPoint **
PowerPoint **

Development of a novel analytical approach combining the quantification of
Development of a novel analytical approach combining the quantification of

... development while conversely embryos considered as appropriate may not. Immense effort has been put into the study and optimisation of the perfect culture medium composition because although the embryo nutritional needs in early stages of development are reflected in the female tract, in vitro condi ...
Cellular Respiration WebQuest
Cellular Respiration WebQuest

... Name:____________________ Date:__________ Pd:_____ ...
AP Biology
AP Biology

... empty tRNA leaves ribosome from exit site ...
Enzymes
Enzymes

... - many cells are being made and replaced - other internal systems carry out a multitude of other intricate processes - All of these functions involve numerous enzymes. One paper I read estimated 25,000 enzymes are working in our bodies. Some researchers claim they have DNA sequences of more than 100 ...
SYNTHESIS OF OXOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES COUPLED TO DIFFERENT AMINO ACID ESTERS
SYNTHESIS OF OXOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES COUPLED TO DIFFERENT AMINO ACID ESTERS

... Fig.1: Scheme of overall pathway of synthesis of quinoline derivatives where R= -H, -CH3, -CH2-C6H5, -CH2-C6H4-OH, R1= Me or Et, R2= Et or ...
Clinical Enzymology
Clinical Enzymology

Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... along with meteorite content analyses [5,6], have been interpreted as evidence for a heterotrophic origin of life. According to this idea, commonly represented by the well-known “primordial soup” concept, abiotically generated amino acids, as well as other organic molecules, either synthesized on Ea ...
Metabolismo dos aminoácidos e proteínas. II. Anabolismo
Metabolismo dos aminoácidos e proteínas. II. Anabolismo

... ammonium as a sole nitrogen source. The leaky growth of these mutants is indicative of an alternative pathway of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis. A. nidulans mutants disrupted in the gltA encoding GOGAT, were found to be dispensable for growth on ammonium in the presence of NADP-GDH ...
Untitled
Untitled

... you heard from Professor Kahne, the reaction, is energetically unfavorable, with unbonded amino acids being favored by about 2.4 kcal/mol. This means that the polypeptide chains that make up proteins are thermodynamically unstable in water, however, as you already heard the spontaneous hydrolysis of ...
2nd CAT
2nd CAT

... In this Section each statement is followed by FOUR related statements which may be all true, all false or a mixture of true and false. Put [T] in front of the true statement and [F] in front of the false one: ...
NON-RADIOACTIVE ASSAY FOR ACETYL-CoA
NON-RADIOACTIVE ASSAY FOR ACETYL-CoA

... production of NADH via ultraviolet light at 340 nm. The assay described herein eliminates the malate dehydrogenase step and instead employs DTNB in the citrate synthase reaction, permitting the use of visible light at 412 nm to monitor the reaction. ...
Chapter 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis
Chapter 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis

... For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. By definition, catalysis allows a reaction to occur more __________________. Chemical reactions occu ...
Determination of Amino Acids in Wort and Beer by Reverse
Determination of Amino Acids in Wort and Beer by Reverse

... reaction with OPA/2-ME is shown in Figure 3. The elution sequence was as follows: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, glutamine, histidine, homoserine (internal standard), glycine, threonine, arginine, alanine, gamma-amino butyric acid, Tyrosine, methionine, valine, tryptophan, phenyla ...
Untitled
Untitled

... you heard from Professor Kahne, the reaction, is energetically unfavorable, with unbonded amino acids being favored by about 2.4 kcal/mol. This means that the polypeptide chains that make up proteins are thermodynamically unstable in water, however, as you already heard the spontaneous hydrolysis of ...
The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in
The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in

... Next, we performed tolerance tests for glucose, insulin, pyruvate, and glycerol (Fig. 1). Pemt+/+ and Pemt2/2 mice that were fed a chow diet were similarly sensitive to insulin (Fig. 1A). There was a slightly improved glucose tolerance in Pemt2/2 mice compared with Pemt+/+ mice (Fig. 1B). This impro ...
BrevdueNord.dk Additional Thoughts on Nutrition for Racing Gordon
BrevdueNord.dk Additional Thoughts on Nutrition for Racing Gordon

... these scientists to track the glucose and determine its fate in the body), was incorporated into fatty acids in the liver within three minutes in hungry young pigeons, and that the content of fatty acids in liver reached a plateau in 15 minutes. Significant appearance of fatty acids in blood and fat ...
Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

... H3N—CH2—COOH Positive ion at a pH lower than pI Total charge = 1+ ...
Enzyme basic concepts, Enzyme Regulation IIII
Enzyme basic concepts, Enzyme Regulation IIII

... Generally involves allosteric enzymes and occurs when the end­product of a pathway  inhibits its own synthesis.  Usually the inhibitor inhibits the earlier steps in the pathway  or reactions at a branching point. A very important way of saving cellular energy in  biosynthetic pathways. Example: Nega ...
Molecules derived from Amino Acids
Molecules derived from Amino Acids

... Present in plants, animals, and some bacteria, can be considered as a redox buffer. It is derived from glycine, glutamate, and cysteine. The carboxyl group of glutamate is activated by ATP to form an acyl phosphate. Glutathione probably helps maintain the sulfhydryl groups of proteins in the reduced ...
Print - Stroke
Print - Stroke

... general, markedly reduced levels for most of the reactions performed. In contrast to pial vasculature, this bed seems to lack the capacity for anaerobic glycolysis, as indicated by the absence of detectable levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity. Like the vessels of grey matter there seemed to be ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... hydroxide and potassium hydrogenphthalate (KHP) to standardize the base solution, by placing 50.00 mg of solid potassium hydrogenphthalate in a flask with a few drops of an indicator. A buret is filled with the base, and the initial buret reading is 0.55 ml; at the end of the titration the buret rea ...
Studies of Fatty Acid Oxidation IX. The Effects of
Studies of Fatty Acid Oxidation IX. The Effects of

... involved in the biological oxidation of fatty acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required, being necessary for the conversion of the various fatty acids to their coenzyme A esters (18). Such par ticipation of ATP in fatty acid oxidation is appar ently essential and is confirmed by the finding (8 ...
< 1 ... 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 ... 483 >

Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report