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The Stanford Data Warehousing Project
The Stanford Data Warehousing Project

... di erential problem is similar to the problem of computing joins in relational databases (outerjoins, speci cally), because we are trying to match rows with the same key from di erent les. However, there are some important di erences, among them:  For snapshots, we may be able to tolerate some row ...
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... If the error rate of a classifier is known to be ε then the overall probability that an arbitrary new object is erroneously classified is ε. For individual objects, however, often more specific numbers for the expected classification accuracy may be computed, depending on the type of classifier used ...
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... Evolutionary Algorithms - How They Work if (k) < 1/5 then σ = σcd if (k) > 1/5 then σ = σci if (k) = 1/5 then σ = σ  k dictates how many generations should elapse before the rule is applied  cd and ci determine the rate of increase or decrease for σ  ci must be greater than one and cd must be ...
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... number of units in an RGNG. This number refers only to the number of “direct” units in a particular RGNG and does not include potential units present in RGNGs that are prototypes of these direct units. Like its structure the behavior of the RGNG is basically identical to that of a regular GNG. Howev ...
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Lecture 1 - MELODI Lab - University of Washington

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Pattern recognition

Pattern recognition is a branch of machine learning that focuses on the recognition of patterns and regularities in data, although it is in some cases considered to be nearly synonymous with machine learning. Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled ""training"" data (supervised learning), but when no labeled data are available other algorithms can be used to discover previously unknown patterns (unsupervised learning).The terms pattern recognition, machine learning, data mining and knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) are hard to separate, as they largely overlap in their scope. Machine learning is the common term for supervised learning methods and originates from artificial intelligence, whereas KDD and data mining have a larger focus on unsupervised methods and stronger connection to business use. Pattern recognition has its origins in engineering, and the term is popular in the context of computer vision: a leading computer vision conference is named Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. In pattern recognition, there may be a higher interest to formalize, explain and visualize the pattern, while machine learning traditionally focuses on maximizing the recognition rates. Yet, all of these domains have evolved substantially from their roots in artificial intelligence, engineering and statistics, and they've become increasingly similar by integrating developments and ideas from each other.In machine learning, pattern recognition is the assignment of a label to a given input value. In statistics, discriminant analysis was introduced for this same purpose in 1936. An example of pattern recognition is classification, which attempts to assign each input value to one of a given set of classes (for example, determine whether a given email is ""spam"" or ""non-spam""). However, pattern recognition is a more general problem that encompasses other types of output as well. Other examples are regression, which assigns a real-valued output to each input; sequence labeling, which assigns a class to each member of a sequence of values (for example, part of speech tagging, which assigns a part of speech to each word in an input sentence); and parsing, which assigns a parse tree to an input sentence, describing the syntactic structure of the sentence.Pattern recognition algorithms generally aim to provide a reasonable answer for all possible inputs and to perform ""most likely"" matching of the inputs, taking into account their statistical variation. This is opposed to pattern matching algorithms, which look for exact matches in the input with pre-existing patterns. A common example of a pattern-matching algorithm is regular expression matching, which looks for patterns of a given sort in textual data and is included in the search capabilities of many text editors and word processors. In contrast to pattern recognition, pattern matching is generally not considered a type of machine learning, although pattern-matching algorithms (especially with fairly general, carefully tailored patterns) can sometimes succeed in providing similar-quality output of the sort provided by pattern-recognition algorithms.
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