Metaphysical Dependence and Set Theory
... of axioms that govern the membership relation, and which describe a universe of mathematical objects called sets. The mathematical theory of sets comprises those axioms and what logically follows from them. This theory tells us what is true in the universe of sets. One might even take this universe ...
... of axioms that govern the membership relation, and which describe a universe of mathematical objects called sets. The mathematical theory of sets comprises those axioms and what logically follows from them. This theory tells us what is true in the universe of sets. One might even take this universe ...
ON GEACH ON GOOD
... value. They agree with Geach that there certainly are a number of attributive notions of goodness, but when it comes to morals, those notions are irrelevant, they think. What matters then is what is plainly better than what. The alternative Geachean view seems to be that there are moral questions of ...
... value. They agree with Geach that there certainly are a number of attributive notions of goodness, but when it comes to morals, those notions are irrelevant, they think. What matters then is what is plainly better than what. The alternative Geachean view seems to be that there are moral questions of ...
A Survey of Mediaeval Philosophy, Version 2.0
... into WordPerfect codes. Many transferred nicely. Some of them are still in the text (anything beginning with a backslash is a FancyFont code). Some I just erased without knowing what they were for. All of the files were cleaned up with one macro, and some of them have been further doctored with addi ...
... into WordPerfect codes. Many transferred nicely. Some of them are still in the text (anything beginning with a backslash is a FancyFont code). Some I just erased without knowing what they were for. All of the files were cleaned up with one macro, and some of them have been further doctored with addi ...
An Argument For A Neutral Free Logic
... suggestions that the speaker is lying, jesting, speaking sarcastically, or otherwise non-literally. The word ‗really‘ does not change the truth value of a sentence to which it is added. An argument that is given in some version by Thomas Hofweber, Steven Schiffer, and Kit Fine, I call the triviality ...
... suggestions that the speaker is lying, jesting, speaking sarcastically, or otherwise non-literally. The word ‗really‘ does not change the truth value of a sentence to which it is added. An argument that is given in some version by Thomas Hofweber, Steven Schiffer, and Kit Fine, I call the triviality ...
The Incoherence of the Incoherence
... THE SECOND DISCUSSION: The Refutation of their Theory of the Incorruptibility of the World and of Time and Motion THE THIRD DISCUSSION: The demonstration of their confusion in saying that God is the agent and the maker of the world and that the world in His product and act, and the demonstration tha ...
... THE SECOND DISCUSSION: The Refutation of their Theory of the Incorruptibility of the World and of Time and Motion THE THIRD DISCUSSION: The demonstration of their confusion in saying that God is the agent and the maker of the world and that the world in His product and act, and the demonstration tha ...
Modaaliteoria
... being F, then x necessarily has F at t. Because Spinoza is a substance monist what he has to prove is that his only substance God exists necessarily and that God has all its properties necessarily. Spinoza attributes necessary existence to God in 1p11. God exists necessarily because God is a substan ...
... being F, then x necessarily has F at t. Because Spinoza is a substance monist what he has to prove is that his only substance God exists necessarily and that God has all its properties necessarily. Spinoza attributes necessary existence to God in 1p11. God exists necessarily because God is a substan ...
The Principle of Four-Cornered Negation in Indian Philosophy P.T.
... the author of Madhyamikakarikas (first century B.C. or A.D.) did actually show that that was so. The four Aryan Truths involve a belief in the doctrine of causation. But like Bradley, in his Appearance and Reality, Nagarjuna showed that causation is selfcontradictory and so cannot be real. Thus, San ...
... the author of Madhyamikakarikas (first century B.C. or A.D.) did actually show that that was so. The four Aryan Truths involve a belief in the doctrine of causation. But like Bradley, in his Appearance and Reality, Nagarjuna showed that causation is selfcontradictory and so cannot be real. Thus, San ...
Frege and Hilbert on Consistency
... be deduced from it via the laws of logic. An axiom a is independent of a set S of axioms just in case a cannot be deduced from S via the laws of logic. Since on this account a is independent of S just in case the set S;~a is consistent, Hilbert can (and does) demonstrate independence results via con ...
... be deduced from it via the laws of logic. An axiom a is independent of a set S of axioms just in case a cannot be deduced from S via the laws of logic. Since on this account a is independent of S just in case the set S;~a is consistent, Hilbert can (and does) demonstrate independence results via con ...
Notes on Epistemology
... thirdly, the example of scientists in other fields of inquiry teaches us to regard with doubt any theory which has not yet been proved, and at the start of our investigation the existence of the mind’s power to acquire truth is a theory, and is, in fact, the chief problem which epistemology has to s ...
... thirdly, the example of scientists in other fields of inquiry teaches us to regard with doubt any theory which has not yet been proved, and at the start of our investigation the existence of the mind’s power to acquire truth is a theory, and is, in fact, the chief problem which epistemology has to s ...
Parsimony Arguments in Science and Philosophy
... than the SA hypothesis does. Consider Figure 1 once more. If we assume that the remote ancestors of human beings and of monkeys lacked tail bones, then the CA hypothesis requires that there was at least one change, from no tail to tail, in the lineages leading to the present. The SA hypothesis, on ...
... than the SA hypothesis does. Consider Figure 1 once more. If we assume that the remote ancestors of human beings and of monkeys lacked tail bones, then the CA hypothesis requires that there was at least one change, from no tail to tail, in the lineages leading to the present. The SA hypothesis, on ...
Existential Semiotics and Cultural Psychology
... Completely new sign categories emerge in this tension between reality and being beyond it. We have to make a new list of categories in the side of that once done by Peirce. Such new signs so far discovered are a.o. trans-signs, endo- and exo-signs, quasi-signs (or as-if-signs), and pheno- and geno-s ...
... Completely new sign categories emerge in this tension between reality and being beyond it. We have to make a new list of categories in the side of that once done by Peirce. Such new signs so far discovered are a.o. trans-signs, endo- and exo-signs, quasi-signs (or as-if-signs), and pheno- and geno-s ...
penultimate draft - U
... Us: Well, it is certainly a nice picture, but I think you misidentify the source of our confusion. Maybe ‘ontology’ is about a certain kind of structure, but as we learned at Quine’s knee, it is also about what is ranged over by the existential quantifier. As Zoltán Szabó puts it: The standard view ...
... Us: Well, it is certainly a nice picture, but I think you misidentify the source of our confusion. Maybe ‘ontology’ is about a certain kind of structure, but as we learned at Quine’s knee, it is also about what is ranged over by the existential quantifier. As Zoltán Szabó puts it: The standard view ...
Dharmakirti and Husserl on Negative Judgments
... the subject of concern at all. Only in contrast to the anticipation of Y, these perceptions start to make sense in the way that they disappointed this anticipation. So far, it seems that Husserl’s accounts of negation are too "negative", as he characterizes it in terms of the "disappointment" of ant ...
... the subject of concern at all. Only in contrast to the anticipation of Y, these perceptions start to make sense in the way that they disappointed this anticipation. So far, it seems that Husserl’s accounts of negation are too "negative", as he characterizes it in terms of the "disappointment" of ant ...
Scotus_God_First_Principle_et_al
... efficient cause, nevertheless have an end in the proper sense of the term. If he would admit that they had only an end, however, it would be in an improper sense where end is understood as the object of their most perfect operation. Or if he would grant them a proper efficient cause, the latter woul ...
... efficient cause, nevertheless have an end in the proper sense of the term. If he would admit that they had only an end, however, it would be in an improper sense where end is understood as the object of their most perfect operation. Or if he would grant them a proper efficient cause, the latter woul ...
The Value Question in Metaphysics
... On some views, evaluative claims can be reduced to normative ones. But the distinction still holds: it would now be a distinction between what we have reason to do within some world, and our reasons for attitudes towards that world. I discuss such attitudes below. GUY KAHANE ...
... On some views, evaluative claims can be reduced to normative ones. But the distinction still holds: it would now be a distinction between what we have reason to do within some world, and our reasons for attitudes towards that world. I discuss such attitudes below. GUY KAHANE ...
A Study Guide to Descartes` Meditations
... until you have shown that the roots are secure. For example, if you want to show that physics is secure, as a science, you must show that its roots in metaphysics are secure. If you want to have a theory of the material world, you must first settle some questions about metaphysics, that it, some gen ...
... until you have shown that the roots are secure. For example, if you want to show that physics is secure, as a science, you must show that its roots in metaphysics are secure. If you want to have a theory of the material world, you must first settle some questions about metaphysics, that it, some gen ...
Glosses on Porphyry
... converge to the end of logic, that is to argumentation^ we separate the knowledge of none of them from logic. Having examined these things let us begin the literal commentary. Since it is necessary, He places first an introduction concerning the subject matter of which he will write, in which he ...
... converge to the end of logic, that is to argumentation^ we separate the knowledge of none of them from logic. Having examined these things let us begin the literal commentary. Since it is necessary, He places first an introduction concerning the subject matter of which he will write, in which he ...
A Beginner`s Guide to Descartes`s Meditations
... For those interested in Descartes’s philosophy in general, the Meditations provides an ideal introduction to his thought in that it contains pretty much all of his main philosophical opinions. The purpose of this book is therefore to provide help to those studying the Meditations (at whatever level) ...
... For those interested in Descartes’s philosophy in general, the Meditations provides an ideal introduction to his thought in that it contains pretty much all of his main philosophical opinions. The purpose of this book is therefore to provide help to those studying the Meditations (at whatever level) ...
PLATO: THE SEVENTH LETTER_4
... it evidently differs in its nature from the real circle and from the aforementioned three. Of all d these four, understanding approaches nearest in affinity and likeness to the fifth entity, while the others are more remote from it. The same doctrine holds good in regard to shapes and surfaces, bot ...
... it evidently differs in its nature from the real circle and from the aforementioned three. Of all d these four, understanding approaches nearest in affinity and likeness to the fifth entity, while the others are more remote from it. The same doctrine holds good in regard to shapes and surfaces, bot ...
SOME MAIN PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY
... is most amazing and most interesting about the views of many philosophers, is the way in which they go beyond or positively contradict the views of Common Sense they profess to know that there are in the Universe most important kinds of things, which Common Sense does not profess to know of, and als ...
... is most amazing and most interesting about the views of many philosophers, is the way in which they go beyond or positively contradict the views of Common Sense they profess to know that there are in the Universe most important kinds of things, which Common Sense does not profess to know of, and als ...
A reply on Spinoza`s behalf
... “whatever we desire and do of which we are the cause insofar as we have the idea of God’ (E4p37s1). Because he simultaneously naturalizes divinity and divinizes nature in a single infinitely expressive substance, he effectively reinterprets science itself as the highest form of religion. A second ques ...
... “whatever we desire and do of which we are the cause insofar as we have the idea of God’ (E4p37s1). Because he simultaneously naturalizes divinity and divinizes nature in a single infinitely expressive substance, he effectively reinterprets science itself as the highest form of religion. A second ques ...
Ontology 101 - Centre for Logic and Information
... • One answer: theTower of Babel problem: • Different groups of data- and knowledge-base system designers have their own idiosyncratic terms and concepts by means of which they build frameworks for information representation ...
... • One answer: theTower of Babel problem: • Different groups of data- and knowledge-base system designers have their own idiosyncratic terms and concepts by means of which they build frameworks for information representation ...
THE PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY (London: Oxford University
... Berkeley, that matter is really nothing but a collection of ideas, or they say, like Leibniz (1646-1716), that what appears as matter is really a collection of more or less rudimentary minds. But these philosophers, though they deny matter as opposed to mind, nevertheless, in another sense, admit ma ...
... Berkeley, that matter is really nothing but a collection of ideas, or they say, like Leibniz (1646-1716), that what appears as matter is really a collection of more or less rudimentary minds. But these philosophers, though they deny matter as opposed to mind, nevertheless, in another sense, admit ma ...
Getting Priority Straight
... Priority theory opposes ontological radicals, who deny (MODESTY). Radicals reject (MODESTY) on the basis of a wide variety of disparate arguments.14 On the basis of one or another of these arguments, they think it would be better if our ontology weren’t so crowded. For instance, some radicals sugges ...
... Priority theory opposes ontological radicals, who deny (MODESTY). Radicals reject (MODESTY) on the basis of a wide variety of disparate arguments.14 On the basis of one or another of these arguments, they think it would be better if our ontology weren’t so crowded. For instance, some radicals sugges ...
Plato`s Apology of Socrates: Philosophy, Religion, and the Gods in
... things good and evil.”1 There were philosophers before Socrates, but they were not interested in human affairs. Socrates himself began as such a philosopher, seeking “that wisdom, which they call the investigation concerning nature,” to know “the causes of each thing, through what each thing comes t ...
... things good and evil.”1 There were philosophers before Socrates, but they were not interested in human affairs. Socrates himself began as such a philosopher, seeking “that wisdom, which they call the investigation concerning nature,” to know “the causes of each thing, through what each thing comes t ...