A Theory of Properties
... try to explain why we can’t get along without one kind of abstract object: properties. ...
... try to explain why we can’t get along without one kind of abstract object: properties. ...
Person, Eros, Critical Ontology
... so that it defines someone whose face looks at, or rather is directed towards, someone or something.2 Someone that exists in-relation-to, only in relation and in reference to other beings, someone who refers his existence to the other, coming out of his existential individuality; someone who exists ...
... so that it defines someone whose face looks at, or rather is directed towards, someone or something.2 Someone that exists in-relation-to, only in relation and in reference to other beings, someone who refers his existence to the other, coming out of his existential individuality; someone who exists ...
PATOČKA`S CONCEPTION OF THE SUBJECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
... or spirit; for all ideas whatever being passive and inert (Vide sect. 25), they cannot represent unto us, by way of image or likeness, that which acts.”xiii To translate this into modern, phenomenological terms, we can say that the idea or perception is passive by virtue of being temporally fixed. O ...
... or spirit; for all ideas whatever being passive and inert (Vide sect. 25), they cannot represent unto us, by way of image or likeness, that which acts.”xiii To translate this into modern, phenomenological terms, we can say that the idea or perception is passive by virtue of being temporally fixed. O ...
Epistemology Dehumanized
... the evident. But it is understandable and often harmless. We may need to know, not merely believe, that God exists, yet recognize that we do not. So we look for “evidences” of his existence. In the courtroom, a verdict of guilt or innocence may be mandatory, though neither guilt nor innocence is sel ...
... the evident. But it is understandable and often harmless. We may need to know, not merely believe, that God exists, yet recognize that we do not. So we look for “evidences” of his existence. In the courtroom, a verdict of guilt or innocence may be mandatory, though neither guilt nor innocence is sel ...
THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO LOCKE`S ACCOUNT OF
... the former concept. I n principle, the same considerations apply to such overt connectives as 'and', 'o r', 'if-then', and to such prepositions and adverbs as 'except' and 'only', which may figure in covertly compounded propositions. In the case of both categorical and molecular propositions it is a ...
... the former concept. I n principle, the same considerations apply to such overt connectives as 'and', 'o r', 'if-then', and to such prepositions and adverbs as 'except' and 'only', which may figure in covertly compounded propositions. In the case of both categorical and molecular propositions it is a ...
On the Logic of the Ontological Argument
... being and existence, we begin by discussing how this distinction is to be represented. Our plan is simply to add the special predicate ‘E!’ to denote the property of existence. Note that there is a difference between formulas of the form ‘∃xϕ’ and formulas of the form ‘∃x(E!x & ϕ)’. We read the form ...
... being and existence, we begin by discussing how this distinction is to be represented. Our plan is simply to add the special predicate ‘E!’ to denote the property of existence. Note that there is a difference between formulas of the form ‘∃xϕ’ and formulas of the form ‘∃x(E!x & ϕ)’. We read the form ...
Problems Of Metaphysical Philosophy
... sense that they defile any attempt to give final answer(s) to them. Life itself is one huge problem which continues to throw up puzzles, riddles and mysteries for us to ponder and wonder upon. Metaphysics is one of the ways philosophy employs in looking at the problems of existence with a view to pr ...
... sense that they defile any attempt to give final answer(s) to them. Life itself is one huge problem which continues to throw up puzzles, riddles and mysteries for us to ponder and wonder upon. Metaphysics is one of the ways philosophy employs in looking at the problems of existence with a view to pr ...
Mark and Lack: On Zero
... An undecidable statement, such as the one constructed by Gödel, is obviously not a statement that would be neither neither provable [démontrable] nor unprovable (which would be meaningless). On the contrary, the heart of Gödel's proof consists in the demonstration that such a statement is not prova ...
... An undecidable statement, such as the one constructed by Gödel, is obviously not a statement that would be neither neither provable [démontrable] nor unprovable (which would be meaningless). On the contrary, the heart of Gödel's proof consists in the demonstration that such a statement is not prova ...
Words to Life The semiotic quest of Bogdan Bogdanov (1940
... Stoic philosophers were interested mainly in the semantic aspects of meaning, that is how we talk properly about any given object of signification, Bogdan Bogdanov has been more interested in the effect of the approach and mismatch between the real object and its verbal image. When we talk about so ...
... Stoic philosophers were interested mainly in the semantic aspects of meaning, that is how we talk properly about any given object of signification, Bogdan Bogdanov has been more interested in the effect of the approach and mismatch between the real object and its verbal image. When we talk about so ...
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY LECTURE THALES, HERACLITUS
... One way of understanding this strategy is by following this linguistic principle of reference: “x” is a meaningful term if and only if it refers to something that exists. Thus, “the moon,” “California,” “oranges,” and so on are meaningful terms because they refer to things that exist. Terms like “dr ...
... One way of understanding this strategy is by following this linguistic principle of reference: “x” is a meaningful term if and only if it refers to something that exists. Thus, “the moon,” “California,” “oranges,” and so on are meaningful terms because they refer to things that exist. Terms like “dr ...
glossary of philosophical terms
... In an argument from analogy, one argues from known similarities to further similarities. Such arguments often occur in philosophy. In his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, David Hume considers an argument from analogy that purports to show that the universe was created by an intelligent being. ...
... In an argument from analogy, one argues from known similarities to further similarities. Such arguments often occur in philosophy. In his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, David Hume considers an argument from analogy that purports to show that the universe was created by an intelligent being. ...
The Ontological Argument. Anselm vs. Descartes
... they employ, their cultural context, and the aim pursued by their arguments place them within different epochs, different lines of thought, at times even partially contradictory ones (given the complexity and ambivalence of Descartes’ attitude towards the scholasticism of his times). Whereas the sch ...
... they employ, their cultural context, and the aim pursued by their arguments place them within different epochs, different lines of thought, at times even partially contradictory ones (given the complexity and ambivalence of Descartes’ attitude towards the scholasticism of his times). Whereas the sch ...
introduction: the task of thinking reality
... a "thing." 11 The thing is the physical or material object as it exists independently of the mind, whereas the object is the abstracted, formal object in the intellect. To be sure, the object is derived from the thing as the intellect receives the intelligible species of the thing through sensation. ...
... a "thing." 11 The thing is the physical or material object as it exists independently of the mind, whereas the object is the abstracted, formal object in the intellect. To be sure, the object is derived from the thing as the intellect receives the intelligible species of the thing through sensation. ...
THE UNTRUTH AND THE TRUTH OF SKEPTICISM
... such a relation were present it would surely be readily discernible. I am now reading this page of my paper. Is the page I am holding now in my hands the same as the page I held a few moments ago? Of course. I have no doubt that it is. But is my confidence based on my discerning a relation of ident ...
... such a relation were present it would surely be readily discernible. I am now reading this page of my paper. Is the page I am holding now in my hands the same as the page I held a few moments ago? Of course. I have no doubt that it is. But is my confidence based on my discerning a relation of ident ...
Review of Peter Loptson, Reality: Fundamental Topics in Metaphysics
... of the concept of identity imply that between the so-called "two" things there is a relation that might be called identity. Let us consider some cases so simple that if such a relation were present it would surely be readily discernible. I am now reading this page of my paper. Is the page I am hold ...
... of the concept of identity imply that between the so-called "two" things there is a relation that might be called identity. Let us consider some cases so simple that if such a relation were present it would surely be readily discernible. I am now reading this page of my paper. Is the page I am hold ...
RealistsvsNominalists
... a. Are Universals real entities existing independently of the mind that conceives them? Abaelard: Universal terms refer to reality. They do not refer to nothing at all as the Nominalists maintain. Yet in a certain sense universals exists only for thought for they embrace abstract not concrete views ...
... a. Are Universals real entities existing independently of the mind that conceives them? Abaelard: Universal terms refer to reality. They do not refer to nothing at all as the Nominalists maintain. Yet in a certain sense universals exists only for thought for they embrace abstract not concrete views ...
The Relevance of Kant's Objection to Anselm's Ontological Argument
... (2) and (3) are the argument’s only premises, and thus seem to be the only parts of the argument to which one can object (assuming, as I will, that the subsequent inferences are valid). I certainly wouldn’t want to contest (3) ; in any case, that cannot be the target of Kant’s famous objection. What ...
... (2) and (3) are the argument’s only premises, and thus seem to be the only parts of the argument to which one can object (assuming, as I will, that the subsequent inferences are valid). I certainly wouldn’t want to contest (3) ; in any case, that cannot be the target of Kant’s famous objection. What ...
draft
... expect it to be easily refutable by means of formal logic. And yet, several prominent philosophers have claimed just that, namely, that quantifier variance is formally incoherent. Their argument — called the “collapse argument” — runs roughly as follows: if you have two existential quantifiers, then ...
... expect it to be easily refutable by means of formal logic. And yet, several prominent philosophers have claimed just that, namely, that quantifier variance is formally incoherent. Their argument — called the “collapse argument” — runs roughly as follows: if you have two existential quantifiers, then ...
Neo-Fregeanism and Quantifier Variance
... way. First, the issues at stake in the about whether ‘the number of Fs’ is a singular term will simply reappear in debate about whether the left-hand side of instances of the biconditional satisfy semantic compositionality and penetrability by quantifiers. For neo-Fregeans, all it takes for somethin ...
... way. First, the issues at stake in the about whether ‘the number of Fs’ is a singular term will simply reappear in debate about whether the left-hand side of instances of the biconditional satisfy semantic compositionality and penetrability by quantifiers. For neo-Fregeans, all it takes for somethin ...
Intentionality
... If you give up (A) you say that intentional states are not relations to their objects. But how can thinking about x fail to be a relation between you and x? Some views think that (A) is a non-negotiable commitment: intentionality is essentially relational. An example of this is a common view inspire ...
... If you give up (A) you say that intentional states are not relations to their objects. But how can thinking about x fail to be a relation between you and x? Some views think that (A) is a non-negotiable commitment: intentionality is essentially relational. An example of this is a common view inspire ...
Being and Time Introduction Chapter One
... Aristotle’s Metaphysics IV.1 • “There is a science that studies being insofar as it is being, and also the properties of being in its own right. It is not the same as any of the socalled special sciences. For none of them considers being quite generally, insofar as it is being; rather, each of them ...
... Aristotle’s Metaphysics IV.1 • “There is a science that studies being insofar as it is being, and also the properties of being in its own right. It is not the same as any of the socalled special sciences. For none of them considers being quite generally, insofar as it is being; rather, each of them ...
philosophy, god, and aquinas
... that there is no difference between 100 possible dollars and 100 actual ones.12 What Kant means is that usually an addition to a thing makes a difference to the thing. When a coat of paint is added to the house, the house is different than it was before; when the running is added to the man, the man ...
... that there is no difference between 100 possible dollars and 100 actual ones.12 What Kant means is that usually an addition to a thing makes a difference to the thing. When a coat of paint is added to the house, the house is different than it was before; when the running is added to the man, the man ...
Word - The Smallings
... There exists a small category of realities termed primordial. These require no proof of existence beyond themselves. Time and space are good examples. Empty space would exist even if nothing else did. We need not try to prove or explain them. They just are. Time is another example of a primordial re ...
... There exists a small category of realities termed primordial. These require no proof of existence beyond themselves. Time and space are good examples. Empty space would exist even if nothing else did. We need not try to prove or explain them. They just are. Time is another example of a primordial re ...
Ontological Argument
... A predicate, then, tells us something about the subject of a proposition. Kant’s first criticism: existence is not a predicate. ...
... A predicate, then, tells us something about the subject of a proposition. Kant’s first criticism: existence is not a predicate. ...
Bertrand Russell. The World of Universals [The Problems of
... The beginner, in order to avoid error, often finds it useful to draw several triangles, as unlike each other as possible, in order to make sure that his reasoning is equally applicable to all of them. But a difficulty emerges as soon as we ask ourselves how we know that a thing is white or a triangl ...
... The beginner, in order to avoid error, often finds it useful to draw several triangles, as unlike each other as possible, in order to make sure that his reasoning is equally applicable to all of them. But a difficulty emerges as soon as we ask ourselves how we know that a thing is white or a triangl ...