Tsunami waveform analyses of the 2006 underthrust and 2007 outer
... 2006 event on 13 January 2007. The NEIC PDE provided the source parameters: origin time, 04:23:21.16 GMT; epicenter, 46.24◦ N, 154.52◦ E. The seismic moment of the earthquake from the Global CMT catalog was 1.6×1021 Nm (Mw =8.1). The focal mechanism of the earthquake estimated using the teleseismic ...
... 2006 event on 13 January 2007. The NEIC PDE provided the source parameters: origin time, 04:23:21.16 GMT; epicenter, 46.24◦ N, 154.52◦ E. The seismic moment of the earthquake from the Global CMT catalog was 1.6×1021 Nm (Mw =8.1). The focal mechanism of the earthquake estimated using the teleseismic ...
Vertical and Horizontal Seismic Impedance Moments, and Corner
... Where Miox = horizontal seismic impedance moment in N-m. The value obtained from Eqn. (3.5) could be used to compare with the mantle magnitude M m (Okal and Talandier, 1989, and 1990). The effects of impedance factors on moment magnitudes based on the velocity of Love wave can be estimated by replac ...
... Where Miox = horizontal seismic impedance moment in N-m. The value obtained from Eqn. (3.5) could be used to compare with the mantle magnitude M m (Okal and Talandier, 1989, and 1990). The effects of impedance factors on moment magnitudes based on the velocity of Love wave can be estimated by replac ...
Geodynamics of the Wadati-Benioff zone earthquakes - Earth
... of tectonic potential energy to be purely elastic in a brittle environment. The Sumatra earthquake was a shallow event, and the elastic rebound model is generally adopted. Thus the subducting lithosphere would be moving with a secular rate of a few centimetres per year (6.1 cm for the NOVEL1 model) ...
... of tectonic potential energy to be purely elastic in a brittle environment. The Sumatra earthquake was a shallow event, and the elastic rebound model is generally adopted. Thus the subducting lithosphere would be moving with a secular rate of a few centimetres per year (6.1 cm for the NOVEL1 model) ...
Document
... recurrence model for each potential earthquake, meaning each event is completely independent of all other events (even those on the same fault). The 2001 Fall AGU meeting had more than 100 abstracts on stress interaction effects and timedependent earthquake probabilities (lots of good ideas). There ...
... recurrence model for each potential earthquake, meaning each event is completely independent of all other events (even those on the same fault). The 2001 Fall AGU meeting had more than 100 abstracts on stress interaction effects and timedependent earthquake probabilities (lots of good ideas). There ...
P-wave compression propagating wave
... Did you feel it? That side to side, up and down, ground-shaking motion felt by many Californians every year, not to mention folks all around the world. The shaking motion is referred to as an earthquake, quake, or tremor. In any case, you are feeling a sudden release of energy or vibrations propagat ...
... Did you feel it? That side to side, up and down, ground-shaking motion felt by many Californians every year, not to mention folks all around the world. The shaking motion is referred to as an earthquake, quake, or tremor. In any case, you are feeling a sudden release of energy or vibrations propagat ...
Earthquakes - Bakersfield College
... Did you feel it? That side to side, up and down, ground-shaking motion felt by many Californians every year, not to mention folks all around the world. The shaking motion is referred to as an earthquake, quake, or tremor. In any case, you are feeling a sudden release of energy or vibrations propagat ...
... Did you feel it? That side to side, up and down, ground-shaking motion felt by many Californians every year, not to mention folks all around the world. The shaking motion is referred to as an earthquake, quake, or tremor. In any case, you are feeling a sudden release of energy or vibrations propagat ...
Repeating earthquakes and quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east... northern Honshu, Japan Toru Matsuzawa , Naoki Uchida
... east off northern Honshu. For example, the 1981 swarm activity off Miyagi prefecture began with M6.1 earthquake about nine hours before the largest earthquake of M7.0 (03:17 JST, January 19, 1981). The 1982 M7.0 earthquake (23:23 JST, July 23, 1982) off Ibaraki prefecture was preceded by four M5 ear ...
... east off northern Honshu. For example, the 1981 swarm activity off Miyagi prefecture began with M6.1 earthquake about nine hours before the largest earthquake of M7.0 (03:17 JST, January 19, 1981). The 1982 M7.0 earthquake (23:23 JST, July 23, 1982) off Ibaraki prefecture was preceded by four M5 ear ...
8.1 What Is an Earthquake?
... Before the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the actual causes and effects of earthquakes were not understood. The San Fransisco earthquake caused horizontal shifts in Earth’s surface of several meters along the northern portion of the San Andreas Fault. The 1300-kilometer San Andreas fracture ex ...
... Before the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the actual causes and effects of earthquakes were not understood. The San Fransisco earthquake caused horizontal shifts in Earth’s surface of several meters along the northern portion of the San Andreas Fault. The 1300-kilometer San Andreas fracture ex ...
Earthquake recurrence on the south Hayward fault is most
... fault in the San Francisco Bay area of California (Figure 2) is examined quantitatively for consistency with time dependent and time independent recurrence models. [3] Optimally, we would have enough recorded earthquake intervals to unequivocally define the shape of recurrence distributions on fault ...
... fault in the San Francisco Bay area of California (Figure 2) is examined quantitatively for consistency with time dependent and time independent recurrence models. [3] Optimally, we would have enough recorded earthquake intervals to unequivocally define the shape of recurrence distributions on fault ...
Earthquakes and Groundwater and Surface Water Management at
... waves will cause changes of pore pressure within an aquifer. These changes will typically occur at a frequency which does not allow for the excess pore pressure to dissipate through the flow of groundwater. Manga and Wang (2007) indicate that the cyclic dynamic stress changes associated with a magni ...
... waves will cause changes of pore pressure within an aquifer. These changes will typically occur at a frequency which does not allow for the excess pore pressure to dissipate through the flow of groundwater. Manga and Wang (2007) indicate that the cyclic dynamic stress changes associated with a magni ...
Earthquakes in Italy: past, present and future
... again seen as a systematic and recurrent phenomenon stemming from “seismic centers”, just as volcanic eruptions were known to take place always at the same spots. Modern catalogues thus became the basis for demonstrating the regularity of earthquakes, the main pillar of modern earthquake forecasts. ...
... again seen as a systematic and recurrent phenomenon stemming from “seismic centers”, just as volcanic eruptions were known to take place always at the same spots. Modern catalogues thus became the basis for demonstrating the regularity of earthquakes, the main pillar of modern earthquake forecasts. ...
This is a proposal for a joint paper
... temporal homogeneity with which the earthquakes were reported during this period. The earthquake catalog before 1991.5 is far inferior to after it and had to be excluded from analysis. It was found that within the seismograph network in southern Iceland that existed since 1991, the reporting of eart ...
... temporal homogeneity with which the earthquakes were reported during this period. The earthquake catalog before 1991.5 is far inferior to after it and had to be excluded from analysis. It was found that within the seismograph network in southern Iceland that existed since 1991, the reporting of eart ...
Title A Global Energy Transfer Process of Tsunamigenic Earthquake
... historical descrlptions without any scientiic consideration of metric measure for the interested earthquakes only for detected on‐ land.This is based On the no observed dater about the scaling for the earthquakes undersea accompanied by the destructive tsunamis even in the past,in the tillne period ...
... historical descrlptions without any scientiic consideration of metric measure for the interested earthquakes only for detected on‐ land.This is based On the no observed dater about the scaling for the earthquakes undersea accompanied by the destructive tsunamis even in the past,in the tillne period ...
A SEMI-MARKOV MODEL FOR CHARACTERIZING RECURRENCE
... However, these models are not adequate to characterize the location-specific occurrences of great earthquakes. While a Poisson process does provide estimates of the probability of occurrence of great earthquakes of any size or the formation of a seismic gap which may be characteristic of a whole reg ...
... However, these models are not adequate to characterize the location-specific occurrences of great earthquakes. While a Poisson process does provide estimates of the probability of occurrence of great earthquakes of any size or the formation of a seismic gap which may be characteristic of a whole reg ...
Earthquake rupture below the brittle-ductile transition in continental
... proposed (5, 6) that the rare continental lithospheric earthquakes occur in cold and anhydrous mantle rocks (T < ~700° ± 100°C). Earthquakes located below the Moho may thus indicate a strong, seismogenic upper mantle that can sustain large stresses, which are later released during brittle rupture (5 ...
... proposed (5, 6) that the rare continental lithospheric earthquakes occur in cold and anhydrous mantle rocks (T < ~700° ± 100°C). Earthquakes located below the Moho may thus indicate a strong, seismogenic upper mantle that can sustain large stresses, which are later released during brittle rupture (5 ...
Full text
... distributions, we take the ratio of the proportion for the observed and synthesized data for each azimuth bin of 10◦ width (Figs. 3(c) and 3(f)). We refer to this as “O/S ratio” hereafter. The O/S ratio would take a value of about 1.0 in all directions in the case of no correlation between the Earth ...
... distributions, we take the ratio of the proportion for the observed and synthesized data for each azimuth bin of 10◦ width (Figs. 3(c) and 3(f)). We refer to this as “O/S ratio” hereafter. The O/S ratio would take a value of about 1.0 in all directions in the case of no correlation between the Earth ...
The Continued Utility of Probabilistic Seismic
... knowledge of a fault source, it was impossible to estimate where the strongest near-field ground motions would occur. PGAs >2g were produced at some strong motion stations at soft soil sites around Christchurch during the earthquake, due to the city being close to the fault source, and a likely comb ...
... knowledge of a fault source, it was impossible to estimate where the strongest near-field ground motions would occur. PGAs >2g were produced at some strong motion stations at soft soil sites around Christchurch during the earthquake, due to the city being close to the fault source, and a likely comb ...
Supplementary information
... rifts) and thus where faults capable of being reactivated are likely to be most densely concentrated (Figure 1B) (Johnston, 1989). Intraplate earthquakes may also occur in oceanic crust; some of the largest of these (e.g., 2012 Mw 8.7 and 8.2 Indian Ocean earthquakes near Sumatra) have occurred with ...
... rifts) and thus where faults capable of being reactivated are likely to be most densely concentrated (Figure 1B) (Johnston, 1989). Intraplate earthquakes may also occur in oceanic crust; some of the largest of these (e.g., 2012 Mw 8.7 and 8.2 Indian Ocean earthquakes near Sumatra) have occurred with ...
Optimal Seismic Network Density for Earthquake
... that most people want two main pieces of information from an EEW message: the time when strong shaking is expected to begin at their location and the estimated shaking intensity. The survey also showed that although the JMA warnings provide additional information about the earthquake location, magni ...
... that most people want two main pieces of information from an EEW message: the time when strong shaking is expected to begin at their location and the estimated shaking intensity. The survey also showed that although the JMA warnings provide additional information about the earthquake location, magni ...
Tsunami Lecture
... waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. They are often caused by underwater earthquakes, landslides or a volcanic eruption, but can also be caused by large meteorite impacts. The term tsunami comes from the Japanese language meaning harbor (tsu) and w ...
... waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. They are often caused by underwater earthquakes, landslides or a volcanic eruption, but can also be caused by large meteorite impacts. The term tsunami comes from the Japanese language meaning harbor (tsu) and w ...
Response Analysis of Mid-Story Fixed Base and Base
... Due the ground motion there is large amount of damage caused to the structures. From last few years the earthquake resistant design of structures has been largely based on a ductility design concept. The performances of the ductile structures during major earthquake have been proved to be unsatisfac ...
... Due the ground motion there is large amount of damage caused to the structures. From last few years the earthquake resistant design of structures has been largely based on a ductility design concept. The performances of the ductile structures during major earthquake have been proved to be unsatisfac ...
BAM EARTHQUAKE, IRAN: LESSONS ON THE SEISMIC
... A large earthquake with a magnitude of Mw=6.6 (USGS[3]) struck the city of Bam, located approximately 1000km southeast of Tehran, at 05:26:56 local time (01:56:56 GMT) on Friday 26th December 2003. The earthquake destroyed most of Bam city and the nearby villages and the official death toll exceeded ...
... A large earthquake with a magnitude of Mw=6.6 (USGS[3]) struck the city of Bam, located approximately 1000km southeast of Tehran, at 05:26:56 local time (01:56:56 GMT) on Friday 26th December 2003. The earthquake destroyed most of Bam city and the nearby villages and the official death toll exceeded ...
Accelerating Seismicity and Stress Accumulation Before Large
... The examples that we offer suggest that the region of increased activity before a large earthquake can be identified with the area that must have been subject to an increase of stress prior to the event; the larger the event, the larger the region. Previous work that has searched for circular critic ...
... The examples that we offer suggest that the region of increased activity before a large earthquake can be identified with the area that must have been subject to an increase of stress prior to the event; the larger the event, the larger the region. Previous work that has searched for circular critic ...
Modern Seismic Observations in the Tatun Volcano Region of
... Fig. 5. Locations of three earthquakes (solid stars) that occurred on May 10, 1998. Two circles with radius of 10 km and 20 km from ANPB station are shown for reference. Based on the arrival time differences between the P- and S-arrivals, the distances between observing station (ANPB) and earthquake ...
... Fig. 5. Locations of three earthquakes (solid stars) that occurred on May 10, 1998. Two circles with radius of 10 km and 20 km from ANPB station are shown for reference. Based on the arrival time differences between the P- and S-arrivals, the distances between observing station (ANPB) and earthquake ...
April 2015 Nepal earthquake
The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed more than 9,000 people and injured more than 23,000. It occurred at 11:56 NST on 25 April, with a magnitude of 7.8Mw or 8.1Ms and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (Violent). Its epicenter was east of the district of Lamjung, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 8.2 km (5.1 mi). It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19, making April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing.Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages flattened, across many districts of the country. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley, including some at the Kathmandu Durbar Square, the Patan Durbar Square, the Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the Changu Narayan Temple and the Swayambhunath Stupa. Geophysicists and other experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake, particularly because of its geology, urbanization, and architecture.Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal at the intervals of 15–20 minutes, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at 12:54:08 NST. The country also had a continued risk of landslides.A major aftershock occurred on 12 May 2015 at 12:51 NST with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.3. The epicenter was near the Chinese border between the capital of Kathmandu and Mt. Everest. More than 200 people were killed and more than 2,500 were injured by this aftershock.