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The New Organon
The New Organon

... receipt of three copies of The New Organon. He was not yet in a position to comment on the philosophical work, Wotton apologised, ‘having yet read only the first Book thereof, and a few Aphorismes of the second’. For the time being, therefore, he would instead make a modest practical contribution to ...
Ethical Encounter - sikkim university library
Ethical Encounter - sikkim university library

... We need a much richer language than this to articulate the moral seriousness of rape. It will have to be a language rich enough to reveal sexual love as capable of bearing deep significance, since the seriousness of rape must surely be defined by its relation to that significance. There is deep ambi ...
Heidegger, Žižek and Revolution
Heidegger, Žižek and Revolution

... revolution? Why not! Why not a revolution, if it would stop the destruction of nature and the subjugation of humans into resources for capitalism. On the other hand, there is a nagging doubt, “what if…”, a fear that the promised revolution turns sour. The doubt is based not only on the expectation o ...
Pragma-dialectics fallacies of relevance - UvA-DARE
Pragma-dialectics fallacies of relevance - UvA-DARE

... the Cooperative Principal is too general. We will see below that a clarification of the maxim of relation needs to resolve some important questions about the nature of relevance; these clarifications, obviously, must be in accordance with the Cooperation Principle. It is not a surprise, then, if the ...
PLATO: THE SEVENTH LETTER_4
PLATO: THE SEVENTH LETTER_4

... I hear too that he [Dionysius] has since written on the subjects in which I instructed him at that time, as if he were composing a handbook of his own which differed entirely from the instruction he received. Of this I know nothing. I do know, however, that some others have written on these same sub ...
Univocity and Analogy: A Comparative Study of Gilbert
Univocity and Analogy: A Comparative Study of Gilbert

... Perhaps the most interesting development of the issue can be found in Michael Murray's article entitled “Heidegger and Ryle: Two Versions of Phenomenology”. In this piece, against which I am arguing here, Murray locates what he perceives to be “a substantial affinity between their works.”5 While I d ...
MADER Whence Intensity? PREPRINT
MADER Whence Intensity? PREPRINT

predication theory: classical vs modern
predication theory: classical vs modern

... in going through customs: Aristotle says that a predicate dhloi/, declares a thing, 1949, 2b, 31) a feature or even the nature of the object. Two items are required: the predicate and the object. Normally, however, the object is not present and must be referred to by a singular term, which becomes t ...
Heidegger`s Method: Philosophical Concepts as Formal Indications
Heidegger`s Method: Philosophical Concepts as Formal Indications

... Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted di ...
Scientific Explanation- Causation and Unification
Scientific Explanation- Causation and Unification

... 1. Unification and causal-mechanical theories of scientific explanation are different. If they were the same, or one is reducible to the other, there is no point to talk about compatibility and complementariness. 2. There can be more than one explanation of a phenomenon. Otherwise there can’t be dif ...
1929 Davos Disputation - The Dallas Philosophers Forum
1929 Davos Disputation - The Dallas Philosophers Forum

... Second Round: Cassirer briefly defended Cohen and his own commitment to mathematical natural science, then proceeded to attack positions Heidegger presented in Being and Time: Cassirer denounced Heidegger’s description of human finitude, arguing that symbolic imagination and Kant’s Categorical Imper ...
Scotus_God_First_Principle_et_al
Scotus_God_First_Principle_et_al

... efficient cause, nevertheless have an end in the proper sense of the term. If he would admit that they had only an end, however, it would be in an improper sense where end is understood as the object of their most perfect operation. Or if he would grant them a proper efficient cause, the latter woul ...
PATOČKA`S CONCEPTION OF THE SUBJECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
PATOČKA`S CONCEPTION OF THE SUBJECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

... spirit, in order to be, has to be perceived? This is the difficulty. As Berkeley remarks, “A spirit is … [an] active being ... Hence there can be no idea formed of a soul or spirit; for all ideas whatever being passive and inert (Vide sect. 25), they cannot represent unto us, by way of image or like ...
Levels of Reasons and Causal Explanation
Levels of Reasons and Causal Explanation

... because light shone on it. Much more controversial is the claim that every explanation of why some event happened must say something about the causes of that event. Carl Hempel proposed a counterexample to this claim in 1965 (Hempel 1965, 352), and philosophers have been proposing them ever since. B ...
Glosses on Porphyry
Glosses on Porphyry

... philosophers have judged rightly of these things. There are however three accustomed meanings of the word necessary? Since it is sometimes used to mean inevitable as, it is necessary that substance is not quality, sometimes to mean useful, as, to go to the forum, sometimes to mean determined, as, th ...
What Does Biological Science Provide for Contemporary Philosophy?
What Does Biological Science Provide for Contemporary Philosophy?

... symmetrical. Thus, if a scientific theory can make good prediction, its explanatory value is also high; on the other hand, if its explanatory value is high, then it can make good predictions.   Mayr believes, such parlance does not fit biology. He states: “the theory of natural selection can describ ...
MARTIN HEIDEGGER Being, Beings, and Truth
MARTIN HEIDEGGER Being, Beings, and Truth

... Heidegger believes that consciousness of decontextualized objects (“de-worlded” objects) can only make sense against a background of a very different, more “primordial” kind of understanding—what the analytic philosopher Gilbert Ryle called “knowing-how” rather than “knowing-that”. Actually, Dasein ...
Bacon - American University of Beirut
Bacon - American University of Beirut

... Lastly, there are Idols which have immigrated into men's minds from the various dogmas of philosophies, and also from wrong laws of demonstration. These I call Idols of the Theater, because in my judgment all the received systems are but so many stage plays, representing worlds of their own creation ...
Recovering Play: On the Relationship Between Leisure and
Recovering Play: On the Relationship Between Leisure and

... sense of technē, of craftsmanship that releases beings, letting beings emergeforth on their own terms. The Greek craftsman is one who builds the old wooden bridge that lets ‘the river run its course’.6 The epoch of modern technology, in contrast, builds the hydroelectric dam that forces the river in ...
Epoch: Heidegger and the Happening of History
Epoch: Heidegger and the Happening of History

... Two aspects of the general problematic of history might be put as follows: ‘how did people in the past derive the meaning of their lives?’ and ‘what is the nature of historical description?’ Putting the problem this way brings us into the proximity of the thought of R.G. Collingwood but does not com ...
Leiter, Brian / Weisberg, Michael 2012.10.03 in The Nation: Reviewd
Leiter, Brian / Weisberg, Michael 2012.10.03 in The Nation: Reviewd

... We take no stance on Nagel’s hypothesis that if our moral faculties are simply the result of evolution, they cannot be reliable measures of objective moral truth. But we should note that Nagel’s colleague, philosopher Sharon Street, accepts it and draws the opposite conclusion. She argues that beca ...
Aristotle`s Account of the Virtue of Courage in
Aristotle`s Account of the Virtue of Courage in

... comprehensive. Other virtues could be added to his list. Moreover, other lists might cover the same ground equally well. They might divide life into a different set of aspects and generate a different, but equally good set of virtues. Aristotle’s second step is to narrow the aspect of each virtue b ...
Truth and Friendship: The Importance of the Conversation of Friends
Truth and Friendship: The Importance of the Conversation of Friends

... perhaps the truth is somewhere in between. Upon considering the common stereotype of the philosopher as someone who pursues private, intellectual projects in an ivory castle, it becomes clear that this is more than just a stereotype. For many of us, it is an accurate portrayal of how we pursue wisdo ...
An Aristotelian View of Marx`s Method Nathaniel Cline William
An Aristotelian View of Marx`s Method Nathaniel Cline William

... “[t]he speculative philosophy of Aristotle simply means the direction of thought on all kinds of objects, thus transforming these into thoughts; hence, in being thoughts, they exist in truth. The meaning of this is not, however, that natural objects have thus themselves the power of thinking, but as ...
Induction Synonyms epagōgē, inductio Abstract How induction was
Induction Synonyms epagōgē, inductio Abstract How induction was

... animal chews by moving the lower jaw; that animal does; the other animal does. If we conclude that all animals chew by moving the lower jaw, the conclusion will be overturned when we discover the Nile crocodile, for it moves the upper jaw. For an example of a reliable induction, Ockham (c. 1287–134 ...
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Four causes

""Four causes"" refers to an influential principle in Aristotelian thought whereby explanations of change or movement are classified into four fundamental types of answer to the question ""why?"" Aristotle wrote that ""we do not have knowledge of a thing until we have grasped its why, that is to say, its explanation."" While there are cases where classifying an explanation is difficult, or in which classes of explanation might merge, Aristotle was convinced that his four classes of explanation provided an analytical scheme of general applicability.Aitia, from Greek αἰτία was the word that Aristotle used to refer to the concept of explanation. Traditionally in academic philosophy it has been translated as cause, but this tradition uses the word 'cause' in a peculiar way that is obsolete, or highly specialized and technical in philosophy, not in its most usual current ordinary language usage. The translation of Aristotle's αἰτία that is nearest to current ordinary language is 'explanation'.Aristotle held that there were four kinds of answers to 'why' questions (in Physics II, 3, and Metaphysics V, 2): In this article, the peculiar philosophical usage of the word 'cause' will be exercised, for tradition's sake, but the reader should not be misled by confusing this peculiar usage with current ordinary language. A change or movement's material cause is the aspect of the change or movement which is determined by the material that composes the moving or changing things. For a table, that might be wood; for a statue, that might be bronze or marble. A change or movement's formal cause is a change or movement caused by the arrangement, shape or appearance of the thing changing or moving. Aristotle says for example that the ratio 2:1, and number in general, is the cause of the octave. A change or movement's efficient or moving cause consists of things apart from the thing being changed or moved, which interact so as to be an agency of the change or movement. For example, the efficient cause of a table is a carpenter, or a person working as one, and according to Aristotle the efficient cause of a boy is a father. An event's final cause is the end toward which it directs. That for the sake of which a thing is what it is. For a seed, it might be an adult plant. For a sailboat, it might be sailing. For a ball at the top of a ramp, it might be coming to rest at the bottom.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑
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