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Averroes - The Incoherence of the Incoherence
Averroes - The Incoherence of the Incoherence

... Before entering into the heart of the matter I will say a few words about Ghazali’s remark that Metaphysics, although it claims to follow the same method as Mathematics, does not attain the same degree of evidence. Neither Aristotle nor his commentators ever asked the question whether there is any d ...
Previous Final Examination Questions
Previous Final Examination Questions

... Philosophy 1 For each question, please write a short answer of about one paragraph in length. The answer should be written out in full sentences, not simple phrases. No books, notes, or other external references may be used. You should answer a total of ten questions. Each is worth ten points. Answe ...
Intrinsic Morality Versus God`s Morality
Intrinsic Morality Versus God`s Morality

... charged with impiety just as Socrates had been. He soon died in 322 B.C. Aristotle was considered a realist because he moved Plato’s realm of the forms back onto Earth. He said that sense experience, which is found inherent in our world, was the starting point of all knowledge. However, Aristotle as ...
The Human Intellect: Aristotle`s Conception of Νοῦς
The Human Intellect: Aristotle`s Conception of Νοῦς

... understanding is what distinguishes human beings from non-human animals. Some animals share with us capacities for perception, memory, and imagination but no animal is able to understand what something is. In this dissertation I argue that, for Aristotle, understanding is crucially different from al ...
Answer Sheet Day 1
Answer Sheet Day 1

... Some things we aim for and value, not for themselves but for what they bring about in addition to themselves. If I value something as a means to something else, then it has what we will call "extrinsic value." Other things we desire and hold to be valuable for themselves alone. If we value something ...
Confucian Worries about the Aristotelian Sophos
Confucian Worries about the Aristotelian Sophos

... suggested in various ways that the Aristotelian sophos overvalues theoretically wise understanding at the expense of other, less-narrowly intellectual goods; that the theoretically wise understanding the sophos pursues is useless and of questionable value; and that the 1sophos’s way of life requires ...
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics

... ‘metaphysical’ as opposed to ‘semantic’ essentialism: essences are not analytic; they are ‘what is expressed by a complete account of what it is to be for a certain kind of thing’ (Loux 1991: 75; see also Politis 2004: 16 ff.). So much about the object of inquiry of the first philosophy. This quick ...
Landscape and Dwelling Lars Botin PhD, MA Ass. Professor
Landscape and Dwelling Lars Botin PhD, MA Ass. Professor

... the bone and carried forward by a strong and impressive representation, which is still referred to in any class on theory, philosophy and history of architecture. Dwellings are as well how we are in the world and how we relate to reality. Dwellings are cultural and social entities that speak and re ...
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18 Classical Indian Metaphysics

... • A conviction that one has the absolute truth, for example, is likely to lead one to be willing – to injure others for its sake, and – to become attached to it ...
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1 Names and senses

... is any difference in the understanding of these two sentences point to the fact that there must be more than just the referent as a content of the name itself. Frege’s answer is to separate a name into a sense and a reference. The reference he holds to be the actual thing that the name is referring t ...
WHAT DO „AFFECTIONS IN THE SOUL” RESEMBLE?2 Aristotle`s
WHAT DO „AFFECTIONS IN THE SOUL” RESEMBLE?2 Aristotle`s

... perceivable things, are the formal elements of these objects. From the fourth to the eighth chapters of the third book of the De Anima, Aristotle discusses the way thoughts correspond to things. I will attempt to describe the course of his considerations, which will help us to understand what he mea ...
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VKS Synoptic Prese

... (eating and drinking)When one has generated mental feelings based on the sensations given by the sense organs, one will desire to obtain the pleasant ones, and to avoid the unpleasant ones. This then can become reinforced into habitual patterns of ...
Aristotle on What It Means To Be Happy
Aristotle on What It Means To Be Happy

... and other activities, it does share the characteristic that in all cases it is the end for which everything else is done. However, as there are many different ends they cannot, by definition, all be the ultimate end; i.e. that which is pursued as an end in itself. What can be determined as an unqual ...
Nel Noddings Chapter 8: Ethics and Moral Education
Nel Noddings Chapter 8: Ethics and Moral Education

... Kant is said to have elevated the “right” over the “good.” • What do you think that means? Those who argue for relativity ask why, if there is such a thing as Absolute Truth, do so many believers in Absolute Truth disagree with one another? Utilitarians define morality as working to achieve the grea ...
The Contemporary Relevance of Aristotle`s Thought
The Contemporary Relevance of Aristotle`s Thought

... Kuhn, Prigogine and Thom.1 Here I would like to take some examples of Aristotelian concepts or distinctions, selected from all areas of his work, and by showing how they are still employed in contemporary philosophy effectively demonstrate the continuing relevance of Aristotle. Starting with logic, ...
the teleological argument
the teleological argument

... Intelligent causes are necessary to explain complex biological structures 1. There is a fundamental distinction between undirected natural causes and intelligent causes 2. Intelligent causes can do things which undirected natural causes cannot 3. Intelligent causes can be empirically detected and di ...
Review of Citizens and Statesmen: A Study of Aristotle`s Politics, by
Review of Citizens and Statesmen: A Study of Aristotle`s Politics, by

... who are best by nature rule, guided only by their independent judgment and by the precepts of a natural law that is embedded in the unwritten customs of every polity, there is no reason to be much troubled by those laws that make Athens distinctly Athenian. The spin that Swanson puts on Aristotle is ...
Lesson Plan: Empiricism
Lesson Plan: Empiricism

... claims he is making about God and man’s relationship with him. Things should get heated as each ‘person’ holds their views strongly! And/Or the students could use resource sheet Resource Sheet 3 (and 3[LA] if needed) Aristotle to have an argument between David Hume and Aristotle who set out four typ ...
aristotle`s division of theoretical sciences1
aristotle`s division of theoretical sciences1

... “poetical (productive)” or “theoretical”. The emphasis of this chapter on physical science allows the introduction of the basic division of sciences. Moreover, it obeys to the indictment of its claim, backed up by the common opinion, of becoming “first science”, demonstrating that it may not be such ...
The Concept of Justice in Aristotle`s and Theravada Buddhist Ethics
The Concept of Justice in Aristotle`s and Theravada Buddhist Ethics

... describes the symptoms and the need for healing and diagnoses the nature of the illness: “Wake up”, says Buddha “you are ignorant, unenlightened and suffering”. The second one is also diagnostic but it focuses on the pathological condition which causes the illness: “You are attached to the pleasura ...
claSSIcal eDucatIoN aND HuMaN HaPPINeSS
claSSIcal eDucatIoN aND HuMaN HaPPINeSS

... the topic comes up sporadically throughout his writings. ...
KANT - ARISTOTLE lecture
KANT - ARISTOTLE lecture

... In the form in which it appeared in the period in which modern science arose (i.e. since the seventeenth century), Kant’s view is more problematic than Plato’s. In this view the physical world is a vast machine in which everything that happens is determined by the physical laws of nature. Our minds ...
Foundations Of Rel... - The Ecclesbourne School Online
Foundations Of Rel... - The Ecclesbourne School Online

... • Aristotle rejected Plato’s theory of the Forms since, as an empiricist, he did not believe that true reality could not be encountered in the real world. • On the contrary, he maintained that the only real knowledge we have is of the ...
Albert the Great On the Causes of the Properties of the Elements
Albert the Great On the Causes of the Properties of the Elements

... The elements were understood to have inherent natural properties: each is either heavy or light, either hot or cold, and either wet or dry. They are almost never found in their pure state; rather, each one will be found insofar as its properties are found in some compound or living substance. Even t ...
Having and Making Choices
Having and Making Choices

... If someone else makes me do something, then I’m constrained (threats count here– the law recognizes this very clearly). If I fall out a window, gravity and my lack of wings constrains me to fall. If I don’t make any decision, but act out of a compulsion or habitual obedience to someone else, I’m con ...
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Four causes

""Four causes"" refers to an influential principle in Aristotelian thought whereby explanations of change or movement are classified into four fundamental types of answer to the question ""why?"" Aristotle wrote that ""we do not have knowledge of a thing until we have grasped its why, that is to say, its explanation."" While there are cases where classifying an explanation is difficult, or in which classes of explanation might merge, Aristotle was convinced that his four classes of explanation provided an analytical scheme of general applicability.Aitia, from Greek αἰτία was the word that Aristotle used to refer to the concept of explanation. Traditionally in academic philosophy it has been translated as cause, but this tradition uses the word 'cause' in a peculiar way that is obsolete, or highly specialized and technical in philosophy, not in its most usual current ordinary language usage. The translation of Aristotle's αἰτία that is nearest to current ordinary language is 'explanation'.Aristotle held that there were four kinds of answers to 'why' questions (in Physics II, 3, and Metaphysics V, 2): In this article, the peculiar philosophical usage of the word 'cause' will be exercised, for tradition's sake, but the reader should not be misled by confusing this peculiar usage with current ordinary language. A change or movement's material cause is the aspect of the change or movement which is determined by the material that composes the moving or changing things. For a table, that might be wood; for a statue, that might be bronze or marble. A change or movement's formal cause is a change or movement caused by the arrangement, shape or appearance of the thing changing or moving. Aristotle says for example that the ratio 2:1, and number in general, is the cause of the octave. A change or movement's efficient or moving cause consists of things apart from the thing being changed or moved, which interact so as to be an agency of the change or movement. For example, the efficient cause of a table is a carpenter, or a person working as one, and according to Aristotle the efficient cause of a boy is a father. An event's final cause is the end toward which it directs. That for the sake of which a thing is what it is. For a seed, it might be an adult plant. For a sailboat, it might be sailing. For a ball at the top of a ramp, it might be coming to rest at the bottom.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑
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