Micro 532 Exam 1995
... long half-lives of the activated complement components. very low concentrations of the inactivated complement components in serum. the inability to activate the system in the presence of IgG antibodies. once activated, the destructive activities of complement are non-specific. none of the above ...
... long half-lives of the activated complement components. very low concentrations of the inactivated complement components in serum. the inability to activate the system in the presence of IgG antibodies. once activated, the destructive activities of complement are non-specific. none of the above ...
Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Trafficking
... T cells originate in the bone marrow, get educated in the thymus, and then exits to circulation. Naive T cells express an array of adhesion molecules (L-selectin, ɑ4β7, etc..) that allows it to recognise molecules in HEV and therefore visit the different secondary lymphoid organs. Once in secondary ...
... T cells originate in the bone marrow, get educated in the thymus, and then exits to circulation. Naive T cells express an array of adhesion molecules (L-selectin, ɑ4β7, etc..) that allows it to recognise molecules in HEV and therefore visit the different secondary lymphoid organs. Once in secondary ...
The immune response against dying tumor cells: avoid
... immune system). In mammals, microbial invasion does not only trigger PCD of infected cells but also elicits an immune reaction, which is hierarchically organized in the first-line response by innate immune effectors (that is infiltrating phagocytes and killer cells) and later recruitment of cognate ...
... immune system). In mammals, microbial invasion does not only trigger PCD of infected cells but also elicits an immune reaction, which is hierarchically organized in the first-line response by innate immune effectors (that is infiltrating phagocytes and killer cells) and later recruitment of cognate ...
Immunology Cells and organs of the Immune System
... Particularly useful in eradicating pathogenic bacteria Activated macrophages can kill intracellular pathogens that would normally divide in a non-activated macrophage Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes. Activated macrophages also kill foreign mammalian cells ...
... Particularly useful in eradicating pathogenic bacteria Activated macrophages can kill intracellular pathogens that would normally divide in a non-activated macrophage Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes. Activated macrophages also kill foreign mammalian cells ...
The Immune System - in More Detail
... We are surrounded by billions of bacteria and viruses. To many of them, a human being is like a walking smorgasbord, offering nearly limitless resources that they can use for energy and reproduction. Luckily for us, getting into the human body is not an easy task! From the point of view of these tin ...
... We are surrounded by billions of bacteria and viruses. To many of them, a human being is like a walking smorgasbord, offering nearly limitless resources that they can use for energy and reproduction. Luckily for us, getting into the human body is not an easy task! From the point of view of these tin ...
Cells of the Immune System-I
... 1. Innate immune cells are derived from Bone Marrow. 2. Their primary function is to identify and kill microbes. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) additionally function to present Ag to and activate lymphocytes. 3. Innate immune cells recognize the common microbial ...
... 1. Innate immune cells are derived from Bone Marrow. 2. Their primary function is to identify and kill microbes. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) additionally function to present Ag to and activate lymphocytes. 3. Innate immune cells recognize the common microbial ...
MICR 201 Chap 4 2013 - Cal State LA
... with ciliated cells that work together with mucus-producing cells to move trapped particles upward and out of the respiratory tract. Pathogens can attack the cilia and destroy their trapping capability. In some respiratory diseases, such as pertussis (whooping cough), the pathogens (in this case Bor ...
... with ciliated cells that work together with mucus-producing cells to move trapped particles upward and out of the respiratory tract. Pathogens can attack the cilia and destroy their trapping capability. In some respiratory diseases, such as pertussis (whooping cough), the pathogens (in this case Bor ...
Immune System Physiology Study Guide, Chapter 15
... c. It can occur when either attenuated pathogens or similar vaccines are injected. d. Passive immunity can occur when antiserum or antitoxin preparations are injected. e. Passive immunity does not protect the individual against subsequent exposure to the same ...
... c. It can occur when either attenuated pathogens or similar vaccines are injected. d. Passive immunity can occur when antiserum or antitoxin preparations are injected. e. Passive immunity does not protect the individual against subsequent exposure to the same ...
Lymphatic System and Immunity
... infection. The swelling and heating of the site allows infection to be walled into a specific area. Phagocytosis is the process of removing foreign particles through lymph as it passes through the blood stream. ...
... infection. The swelling and heating of the site allows infection to be walled into a specific area. Phagocytosis is the process of removing foreign particles through lymph as it passes through the blood stream. ...
Ch. 14 Blood Notes
... kidney and spleen. Live 100-120 days. • Macrophages break down RBC and their contents. • Hemoglobin breaks down into 4 globin groups and heme groups • Heme breaks down into biliverdin (green pigment) ...
... kidney and spleen. Live 100-120 days. • Macrophages break down RBC and their contents. • Hemoglobin breaks down into 4 globin groups and heme groups • Heme breaks down into biliverdin (green pigment) ...
View
... Immature B cells differentiate into plasma cells which secrete immunoglobulins. Chromosomal alteration in plasma cells leads to monoclonal proliferation of myeloma cells (IgG>A, usually heavy chains, 20% light chain, rarely nonsecretory). Myeloma cells have low growth potential and are initially dep ...
... Immature B cells differentiate into plasma cells which secrete immunoglobulins. Chromosomal alteration in plasma cells leads to monoclonal proliferation of myeloma cells (IgG>A, usually heavy chains, 20% light chain, rarely nonsecretory). Myeloma cells have low growth potential and are initially dep ...
NVCC Bio 212
... Innate (Nonspecific) Defenses • Species Resistance • resistance to certain diseases to which other species are susceptible ...
... Innate (Nonspecific) Defenses • Species Resistance • resistance to certain diseases to which other species are susceptible ...
Week 2 Immunology
... A cluster of genes located in close proximity that determine histocompatibility antigens from members of a species. (eg. recognition of self versus non-self). ...
... A cluster of genes located in close proximity that determine histocompatibility antigens from members of a species. (eg. recognition of self versus non-self). ...
Immunity to infection_vibuntita
... Location of infectious agents in host tissue is of the essence for development and differentiation of immune responses ...
... Location of infectious agents in host tissue is of the essence for development and differentiation of immune responses ...
Cells, organs and tissues of the immune system Innate immunity
... underlying mucosal associated lymphoid tissue – Flat cells that have deep cavities for capturing antigen, macrophages, B cells and T cells across basolateral membranes ...
... underlying mucosal associated lymphoid tissue – Flat cells that have deep cavities for capturing antigen, macrophages, B cells and T cells across basolateral membranes ...
Exam Key 2007
... -526. CD 22 receptor on antigen presenting cells binds to: A. CD 28 B. CD 45 C. LFA 1 D. ICAM E. CD 2 27. CD 8 on cytotoxic T cells binds to A. alpha chain of MHC class I protein B. beta chain of MHC class I protein C. alpha chain of MHC class II protein D. beta chain of MHC class II protein E. bet ...
... -526. CD 22 receptor on antigen presenting cells binds to: A. CD 28 B. CD 45 C. LFA 1 D. ICAM E. CD 2 27. CD 8 on cytotoxic T cells binds to A. alpha chain of MHC class I protein B. beta chain of MHC class I protein C. alpha chain of MHC class II protein D. beta chain of MHC class II protein E. bet ...
7 T cell
... •membrane-bound heterodimer composed of an α chain and a β chainm, each chain containing one variable (V) region and one constant (C) region Both the α chain and the β chain of the TCR participate in specific recognition of MHC molecules and bound peptides ...
... •membrane-bound heterodimer composed of an α chain and a β chainm, each chain containing one variable (V) region and one constant (C) region Both the α chain and the β chain of the TCR participate in specific recognition of MHC molecules and bound peptides ...
IMMUNOLOGY
... Phagocytes responsible for engulfment & digestion of MOs 2 types of phagocytic cells, both derived from totipotent bone marrow stem cell: o Monocytes: migrate into tissues mature into macrophages o Neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) Another group of phagocytic cells ...
... Phagocytes responsible for engulfment & digestion of MOs 2 types of phagocytic cells, both derived from totipotent bone marrow stem cell: o Monocytes: migrate into tissues mature into macrophages o Neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) Another group of phagocytic cells ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.