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Thrombocytopenia: How Best to Determine the Cause
Thrombocytopenia: How Best to Determine the Cause

... Any one of a spectrum of viral infections—including rubella, influenza, and infectious mononucleosis—can cause a drop in platelet count. The decrease usually results from an immune mechanism brought on by the infection. However, platelet destruction that is immune-mediated also occurs independently ...
Viral myocarditis/pericarditis: pathogenesis.
Viral myocarditis/pericarditis: pathogenesis.

Lecture 19-POSTED-BISC441-2012
Lecture 19-POSTED-BISC441-2012

... -undergo dominant gains of function (e.g., increased activity or higher expression of gene product) -often involved in stimulating cell replication (eg IGF2) (2) ‘TUMOR SUPPRESSOR’ GENES ...
Lee_washington_0250E_11503
Lee_washington_0250E_11503

... CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play an important role in the immune system. They are capable of influencing other immune cells, including activation and maintenance of CD8+ T cell and B cell responses, optimization of macrophage and dendritic cell functions, and regulation of peripheral tolerance. Two sti ...
The pathogen-associated iroA gene cluster mediates bacterial
The pathogen-associated iroA gene cluster mediates bacterial

... efficacy of Lcn2 in thwarting Ent-mediated iron acquisition. This result may be paralleled for other Lcn2-binding siderophores, such as the carboxymycobactins generated by mycobacteria, which are predicted to include both Lcn2-binding and nonbinding isoforms (20). Our detailed understanding of this ...
Pathogenic biofilm - Holistic Family Dentistry Steven N. Green, DDS
Pathogenic biofilm - Holistic Family Dentistry Steven N. Green, DDS

... treatments for infectious and other diseases. It seems that these compounds have quite different roles in the environment compared to therapeutic applications. The difference lies in the available concentrations that determine inhibitory activity compared to transcription modulation. Low concentrati ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren

... between CD4+ T cells and B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues [6]. T-B cell interaction results in B cell activation via ligation of co-stimulatory molecules expressed on surfaces of activated T cells, such as CD40L and cytokines produced by them [7, 8]. Subsequent to this interaction, naïve B ...
Are Targeted by NK Cells Hematopoietic Progenitors Express H60
Are Targeted by NK Cells Hematopoietic Progenitors Express H60

... HPC expression of NK ligands, ES cells were similarly differentiated into HPCs and their expression of NK ligands measured by flow cytometry. As expected, the expression of all molecules analyzed on the non-HOXB4 HPCs was similar to that of HOXB4transduced HPCs (Fig. 1), indicating that ectopic expr ...
Immunology and Immunotherapy in allergic disease
Immunology and Immunotherapy in allergic disease

... 2) Late phase reaction sets in 2 to 8 hours later without additional exposure to antigen and lasts for several days. It is characterized by more intense infiltration of tissues with eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and CD4+ T cells as well as tissue destruction in the form of mucosal ...
Review The pathogenesis of liver disease in the setting of HIV
Review The pathogenesis of liver disease in the setting of HIV

Emerging inflammasome effector mechanisms
Emerging inflammasome effector mechanisms

COMPLETE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF HEAVY CHAIN
COMPLETE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF HEAVY CHAIN

... sequence analysis of the light chains of both hybridoma products showed that the first 25 residues of both light chains are identical to A/J, CRI+, Ars-A family light chains (30) with the exception of one residue at position 17 in HP 22B5 where an alanine is substituted for the aspartic acid found i ...
Drosophila as a model for the two myeloid blood cell systems in
Drosophila as a model for the two myeloid blood cell systems in

... Figure 1. Ontogeny of blood cell lineages and regulation of hematopoiesis in Drosophila. (A) Self-renewing tissue hemocytes, which emerge and expand during Drosophila embryonic and larval hematopoiesis. Drosophila tissue hemocytes originate as prohemocyte progenitors (blue) in the head mesoderm at a ...
The Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
The Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

... aortic tissue. MMP-12, in particular, is highly expressed along the proximal leading edge of human AAAs and may be important in aneurysm initiation. In addition, high levels of MMP-2, a constitutive enzyme, are found in small aneurysmal aortas, suggesting a role for MMP-2 in early aneurysm formation ...
Reduced L-Glutathione
Reduced L-Glutathione

human monoclonal antibody technology.
human monoclonal antibody technology.

B1 Lecture-1 - Trinity College Dublin
B1 Lecture-1 - Trinity College Dublin

... • Activity of PE requires the cII activator, an unstable protein. • The cIII protein stabilizes cII. • Neither cII nor cIII can be expressed until the N anti-terminator is active. • Production of cII and cIII allows expression of cI repressor. ...
Autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune disorders

... abnormal immune response in which the immune ­system attacks its own cells, tissues, and/or organs, ­leading to the development of disorders within the body. Autoimmune disorders vary greatly in severity and symptoms, depending on what part of the body is ­targeted. Therefore, these conditions creat ...
Janeway`s Immunology
Janeway`s Immunology

... determine the binding specificity of an Ab. With protein antigens, an Ab contacts with an Ag over a broad area of its surface that is complementary to the surface recognized on antigen. Main function of IgGs opsonization, activation of complement, antibodydependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ...
UNIT 7: Immunology and Vaccinology
UNIT 7: Immunology and Vaccinology

Apoptosis in Human Disease: A New Skin for the
Apoptosis in Human Disease: A New Skin for the

Human Invariant Natural Killer T cells possess
Human Invariant Natural Killer T cells possess

... mortality rate of immune-suppressed patients with invasive aspergillosis, further characterization of distinct mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune responses is essential to develop new prevention strategies and treatment options. Interaction with CD1d+ cells is essential for the activation ...
Sheet 1
Sheet 1

... stimulates growth of accessory sex organs or glands such the prostate and the seminal vesicle and promotes the developmental of several secondary sex characteristics such as beard growth and deepening of the voice.  There is also multiplicity of regulation in the endocrine system the input of infor ...
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: differentiation, specification, subphenotypes
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: differentiation, specification, subphenotypes

... single-positive lineage. CD8+ Foxp3+ cells are normally very rare but IL-2 signal transducers Jak3 or STAT5 (ref. 2). However, most evidence can be observed in experimental conditions of thwarted selection of indicates that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is not required the CD4+ lineage16,28,2 ...
Molecular profiling of breast cancer cell lines containing amplified
Molecular profiling of breast cancer cell lines containing amplified

... FGFR signalling The 22 distinct FGFs vary in size from 17-34kDa but all share a conserved sequence of 120 amino acids (Eswarakumar et al. 2005). During embryonic development they are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Loss of a single FGF has been shown by homologous rec ...
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Immunomics

Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is regulated. Two thirds of the genome is active in one or more immune cell types and less than 1% of genes are uniquely expressed in a given type of cell. Therefore, it is critical that the expression patterns of these immune cell types be deciphered in the context of a network, and not as an individual, so that their roles be correctly characterized and related to one another. Defects of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and malignancies can benefit from genomic insights on pathological processes. For example, analyzing the systematic variation of gene expression can relate these patterns with specific diseases and gene networks important for immune functions.Traditionally, scientists studying the immune system have had to search for antigens on an individual basis and identify the protein sequence of these antigens (“epitopes”) that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure required that antigens be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments, and tested against T- and B-cells to observe T- and B- cell responses. These classical approaches could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and labor.Immunomics has made this approach easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It has revealed that some of the immune system’s most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells. In addition, current genomic technologies, like microarrays, can capture immune system gene expression over time and can trace interactions of microorganisms with cells of the innate immune system. New, proteomic approaches, including T-cell and B-cells-epitope mapping, can also accelerate the pace at which scientists discover antibody-antigen relationships.
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