Horizontal gene transfer and microbial evolution: Is the Tree-of
... Neighboring Introns are more frequently in same phase than expected by chance Spliceosomal introns are present in deep branching eukaryotes Introns frequently are found in linker regions Exon shuffling can create a large number of different catalytic sites (see the maturation of the immune system) ...
... Neighboring Introns are more frequently in same phase than expected by chance Spliceosomal introns are present in deep branching eukaryotes Introns frequently are found in linker regions Exon shuffling can create a large number of different catalytic sites (see the maturation of the immune system) ...
Indirect involvement of allergen-captured mast cells
... captured by mast cells is presented by other major histocompatibility complex class IIⴙ antigen-presenting cells. To explore how this may occur, we investigated the fate of mast cells stimulated by antigen and found that Fc⑀RI crosslinking enhances mast cell apoptosis. Cell death by antigen-captured ...
... captured by mast cells is presented by other major histocompatibility complex class IIⴙ antigen-presenting cells. To explore how this may occur, we investigated the fate of mast cells stimulated by antigen and found that Fc⑀RI crosslinking enhances mast cell apoptosis. Cell death by antigen-captured ...
chapter 4 antibody structure ii
... produce only heavy chains which accumulate in serum, with no associated light chain. A variety of pathological conditions can result in the presence of monoclonal Ig in serum, collectively referred to as Monoclonal Gammopathies. While some of these conditions are benign, many represent malignant tum ...
... produce only heavy chains which accumulate in serum, with no associated light chain. A variety of pathological conditions can result in the presence of monoclonal Ig in serum, collectively referred to as Monoclonal Gammopathies. While some of these conditions are benign, many represent malignant tum ...
Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Virulence Factors and the
... that directly regulates gene expresion (Weiss et al., 1983; Weiss & Hewlett, 1984). Preparations of inactivated pertussis toxin and FHA have recently been tested as an acellular vaccine in Sweden with somewhat inconclusive results. Thus the search is continuing for other candidate antigens for inclu ...
... that directly regulates gene expresion (Weiss et al., 1983; Weiss & Hewlett, 1984). Preparations of inactivated pertussis toxin and FHA have recently been tested as an acellular vaccine in Sweden with somewhat inconclusive results. Thus the search is continuing for other candidate antigens for inclu ...
Vaccines – current status and future needs
... not affect vaccine performance. They are potentially much cheaper to produce than recombinant protein vaccines and any plasmid vaccine can be manufactured by, essentially, the same process. They do not require cold storage and are therefore much easier to transport and use, especially in developing ...
... not affect vaccine performance. They are potentially much cheaper to produce than recombinant protein vaccines and any plasmid vaccine can be manufactured by, essentially, the same process. They do not require cold storage and are therefore much easier to transport and use, especially in developing ...
Sarcoidosis
... • Cutaneous anergy is common. • LOFGREN'S SYNDROME; acute triad of erythema nodosum, joint pains, and bilateral hilar adenopathy ...
... • Cutaneous anergy is common. • LOFGREN'S SYNDROME; acute triad of erythema nodosum, joint pains, and bilateral hilar adenopathy ...
TIR-Domain-Containing Adapter-Inducing Interferon
... IFN-β) to initiate innate immune responses to pathogens and activate antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal B cells can be directly activated by antigens and TLR signaling which results in immunoglobulin class switching and rapid secretion of IgA in the gut mucosa without interacting with T cells [14]. I ...
... IFN-β) to initiate innate immune responses to pathogens and activate antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal B cells can be directly activated by antigens and TLR signaling which results in immunoglobulin class switching and rapid secretion of IgA in the gut mucosa without interacting with T cells [14]. I ...
Functional Characterization of the CD300e Leukocyte Receptor Tamara Brckalo
... progenitor shared with neutrophils, and are then released into peripheral blood where they circulate for several days before entering tissues. They constitute a systemic reservoir of myeloid precursors that give rise to a variety of tissue resident macrophages, and also to specialized cells such as ...
... progenitor shared with neutrophils, and are then released into peripheral blood where they circulate for several days before entering tissues. They constitute a systemic reservoir of myeloid precursors that give rise to a variety of tissue resident macrophages, and also to specialized cells such as ...
Mouse and human FcR effector functions
... soluble antigen or opsonized on a cell surface, virus, or bacteria; the induced biological consequence may be different, but FcRs are triggered in all these cases. mTRIM21, however, appears to discriminate, and selectively binds to opsonized particles (e.g. opsonized viruses), but not to immune comp ...
... soluble antigen or opsonized on a cell surface, virus, or bacteria; the induced biological consequence may be different, but FcRs are triggered in all these cases. mTRIM21, however, appears to discriminate, and selectively binds to opsonized particles (e.g. opsonized viruses), but not to immune comp ...
Gut Microbiota_ The Conductor in the Orchestra of Immune
... child’s life; within the neonatal period, infancy, and early childhood, dysfunction of numerous components of the immune system is observed.30 Neonates have a decreased expression of costimulatory molecules, diminished dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, and impaired phagocytosis as well as a defec ...
... child’s life; within the neonatal period, infancy, and early childhood, dysfunction of numerous components of the immune system is observed.30 Neonates have a decreased expression of costimulatory molecules, diminished dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, and impaired phagocytosis as well as a defec ...
The immune response to yellow fever vaccination in aged individuals
... human experimental primary infections is very limited and ethically highly restricted; especially when applied to elderly study volunteers. Despite these aggravating circumstances, there is the need for more research on the immune response to primary infections in the elderly, which therefore was th ...
... human experimental primary infections is very limited and ethically highly restricted; especially when applied to elderly study volunteers. Despite these aggravating circumstances, there is the need for more research on the immune response to primary infections in the elderly, which therefore was th ...
Sarcoidosis
... • Cutaneous anergy is common. • LOFGREN'S SYNDROME; acute triad of erythema nodosum, joint pains, and bilateral hilar adenopathy ...
... • Cutaneous anergy is common. • LOFGREN'S SYNDROME; acute triad of erythema nodosum, joint pains, and bilateral hilar adenopathy ...
PDF
... on demonstrating the ability of GAS to prime development of an autoimmune reaction by stimulating adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. In the mouse, intranasal (i.n.) infections with live bacteria polarize T cells located in the nasalassociated lymphoid tissue (NALT, the mouse structural ...
... on demonstrating the ability of GAS to prime development of an autoimmune reaction by stimulating adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. In the mouse, intranasal (i.n.) infections with live bacteria polarize T cells located in the nasalassociated lymphoid tissue (NALT, the mouse structural ...
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity: how do they pull the trigger?
... such as inhibition of actin polymerization or depolymerization by treatment with cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide, respectively, blocks NK cytotoxicity and impairs the mobilization of secretory lysosomes to the lytic synapse.18,21,22 This cytoskeletal reorganization involves the accumulation of fil ...
... such as inhibition of actin polymerization or depolymerization by treatment with cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide, respectively, blocks NK cytotoxicity and impairs the mobilization of secretory lysosomes to the lytic synapse.18,21,22 This cytoskeletal reorganization involves the accumulation of fil ...
Cytoplasmic Hep-2 patterns
... – Some ANA have well-known clinical associations, but the target antigen specificity needs to be revealed by techniques other than IIF (ELISA, bead assays, chip assays, immunodiffusion etc). – Some ANA have less clear-cut clinical utility, mainly because only modest efforts have been spent to harmon ...
... – Some ANA have well-known clinical associations, but the target antigen specificity needs to be revealed by techniques other than IIF (ELISA, bead assays, chip assays, immunodiffusion etc). – Some ANA have less clear-cut clinical utility, mainly because only modest efforts have been spent to harmon ...
Chapter 22 PPT. - HCC Learning Web
... • 22-6 Discuss the mechanisms of B cell activation and differentiation, describe the structure and function of antibodies, and explain the primary and secondary responses to antigen exposure. • 22-7 Describe the development of immunological competence, list and explain examples of immune disorders a ...
... • 22-6 Discuss the mechanisms of B cell activation and differentiation, describe the structure and function of antibodies, and explain the primary and secondary responses to antigen exposure. • 22-7 Describe the development of immunological competence, list and explain examples of immune disorders a ...
Sarcoidosis
... • Cutaneous anergy is common. • LOFGREN'S SYNDROME; acute triad of erythema nodosum, joint pains, and bilateral hilar adenopathy ...
... • Cutaneous anergy is common. • LOFGREN'S SYNDROME; acute triad of erythema nodosum, joint pains, and bilateral hilar adenopathy ...
Lung inflammatory responses
... active in inflammation are typically produced in response to infection by pathogenic microbes or environmental stressors. As a result of chemokine activation, leukocytes from the various tissue sites migrate into the affected lung tissues. The type of leukocyte attracted by the chemokines is importa ...
... active in inflammation are typically produced in response to infection by pathogenic microbes or environmental stressors. As a result of chemokine activation, leukocytes from the various tissue sites migrate into the affected lung tissues. The type of leukocyte attracted by the chemokines is importa ...
Persistence of Mycoplasmal Infections and Various Clinical Conditions
... immune systems, and they may use these activities to evade host immune responses. For example, some mycoplasmas can inhibit or stimulate the proliferation of normal lymphocyte subsets, induce B-cell differentiation and trigger the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, I ...
... immune systems, and they may use these activities to evade host immune responses. For example, some mycoplasmas can inhibit or stimulate the proliferation of normal lymphocyte subsets, induce B-cell differentiation and trigger the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, I ...
Lung inflammatory responses
... active in inflammation are typically produced in response to infection by pathogenic microbes or environmental stressors. As a result of chemokine activation, leukocytes from the various tissue sites migrate into the affected lung tissues. The type of leukocyte attracted by the chemokines is importa ...
... active in inflammation are typically produced in response to infection by pathogenic microbes or environmental stressors. As a result of chemokine activation, leukocytes from the various tissue sites migrate into the affected lung tissues. The type of leukocyte attracted by the chemokines is importa ...
PDF - The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... patients who responded to anti–PD-1 therapy and then relapsed many months to years later while on continued therapy. Comparison of baseline and relapsed tumors showed in two cases that JAK1 or JAK2 alleles had been mutated with a loss of function truncation event, whereas the other wild-type allele ...
... patients who responded to anti–PD-1 therapy and then relapsed many months to years later while on continued therapy. Comparison of baseline and relapsed tumors showed in two cases that JAK1 or JAK2 alleles had been mutated with a loss of function truncation event, whereas the other wild-type allele ...
Genetic vaccines protect against Sin Nombre hantavirus challenge
... splenocyte proliferation from genetically immunized deer mice in comparison to BALB\c mice (Table 1). The comparisons between the results of Bharadwaj et al. (1999) and the present study indicate that inbred BALB\c M. musculus and outbred P. maniculatus do not differ dramatically in splenocyte proli ...
... splenocyte proliferation from genetically immunized deer mice in comparison to BALB\c mice (Table 1). The comparisons between the results of Bharadwaj et al. (1999) and the present study indicate that inbred BALB\c M. musculus and outbred P. maniculatus do not differ dramatically in splenocyte proli ...
Nerve growth factor: role in growth, differentiation
... several old and recent studies in both animal and human models [47–49]. Although tumors have their own “cell shelter mechanisms” (immune escape, resistance to apoptosis and cell survival), a host-mediated immune response against tumors can occur and consequently two different models have been propos ...
... several old and recent studies in both animal and human models [47–49]. Although tumors have their own “cell shelter mechanisms” (immune escape, resistance to apoptosis and cell survival), a host-mediated immune response against tumors can occur and consequently two different models have been propos ...
Lymphocyte Populations Within the Lamina Propria
... In animals, where it is possible to experimentally control the gut flora, remarkable progress has been made on the texture of cytokine responses and their regulation by specific members of the microbiota (Figure 7.2). Germ-free mice monocolonized with the human gut bacterium, Bacteroides fragilis, s ...
... In animals, where it is possible to experimentally control the gut flora, remarkable progress has been made on the texture of cytokine responses and their regulation by specific members of the microbiota (Figure 7.2). Germ-free mice monocolonized with the human gut bacterium, Bacteroides fragilis, s ...