Induction of tolerance in autoimmune diseases by hematopoietic
... a limited number of germ line genes to produce a highly diversified repertoire of approximately 1014 to 1018 somatically mutated T-cell (immunoglobulinlike) receptors and B-cell immunoglobulin receptors. These T cells undergo deletion and anergy within the thymus. However, the innate immune system d ...
... a limited number of germ line genes to produce a highly diversified repertoire of approximately 1014 to 1018 somatically mutated T-cell (immunoglobulinlike) receptors and B-cell immunoglobulin receptors. These T cells undergo deletion and anergy within the thymus. However, the innate immune system d ...
The 2016 Faculty Scholars
... of 84 Faculty Scholars, early-career scientists who have great potential to make unique contributions to their field. The scientists represent 43 institutions across the United States. Through the new Faculty Scholars Program, the philanthropies will spend about $83 million over five years to suppor ...
... of 84 Faculty Scholars, early-career scientists who have great potential to make unique contributions to their field. The scientists represent 43 institutions across the United States. Through the new Faculty Scholars Program, the philanthropies will spend about $83 million over five years to suppor ...
Origin of Anti-tumor Immunity Failure in Mammals
... Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), variable class I and class II genes, precise mechanisms of immune recognition and long-term immune memory that reflect the fundamental evolutionary advancement of the vertebrate immune system. By tracing the evolution of the invertebrate immune system, it can be see ...
... Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), variable class I and class II genes, precise mechanisms of immune recognition and long-term immune memory that reflect the fundamental evolutionary advancement of the vertebrate immune system. By tracing the evolution of the invertebrate immune system, it can be see ...
Characterization of amoxicillin‐and clavulanic acid‐specific T cells
... Munir Pirmohamed,1,4 B. Kevin Park,1 and Dean J. Naisbitt1 Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) frequently has a delayed onset with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes affecting susceptibility, indicating a potential role for the adaptive immune system in the disease. The aim of this study w ...
... Munir Pirmohamed,1,4 B. Kevin Park,1 and Dean J. Naisbitt1 Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) frequently has a delayed onset with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes affecting susceptibility, indicating a potential role for the adaptive immune system in the disease. The aim of this study w ...
Host Antimicrobial Peptides in Bacterial Homeostasis and
... produce a large amount of LPS and capsular polysaccharides, thus interaction of AMPs with these surface structures likely serve to delay bactericidal mechanisms. A study of major lung pathogens found that the polysaccharide components released by bacteria inhibited the activity of LL-37 and the cath ...
... produce a large amount of LPS and capsular polysaccharides, thus interaction of AMPs with these surface structures likely serve to delay bactericidal mechanisms. A study of major lung pathogens found that the polysaccharide components released by bacteria inhibited the activity of LL-37 and the cath ...
Free PDF
... Gut barrier leaking and related diseases The ability of the various intestinal barrier components to ensure the physiological permeability even in presence of pathogenic factors is essential for health maintenance. In fact, when the protection exerted by the intestinal barrier fails, the immune cell ...
... Gut barrier leaking and related diseases The ability of the various intestinal barrier components to ensure the physiological permeability even in presence of pathogenic factors is essential for health maintenance. In fact, when the protection exerted by the intestinal barrier fails, the immune cell ...
The Role of Intracellular Neutral Lipid Hydrolases in Immune Cell
... for the get-away weekends to Vienna and for the hiking trips, which helped a lot to redefine true values in life again. My special thanks go to Andrea for our friendship during the last and hopefully upcoming years. Thanks for being such an unbelievable source of energy and for your infectious motiv ...
... for the get-away weekends to Vienna and for the hiking trips, which helped a lot to redefine true values in life again. My special thanks go to Andrea for our friendship during the last and hopefully upcoming years. Thanks for being such an unbelievable source of energy and for your infectious motiv ...
evolutionary causes and consequences of
... and interleukin 13 (IL-13), which characteristically function in these two different types of response. For both cytokines, the context and quantity in which they are produced determine their protective efficacy. A constrained ability of the immune system to regulate these cytokines may be the prime ...
... and interleukin 13 (IL-13), which characteristically function in these two different types of response. For both cytokines, the context and quantity in which they are produced determine their protective efficacy. A constrained ability of the immune system to regulate these cytokines may be the prime ...
Human complement control and complement evasion by pathogenic
... immunological defense line is activated immediately, amplified within seconds, generates and targets a whole battery of toxic effector compounds to the surface of the invading microbe. After surviving the complement battle, infectious pathogenic microbes aim to spread into blood vessels and deeper o ...
... immunological defense line is activated immediately, amplified within seconds, generates and targets a whole battery of toxic effector compounds to the surface of the invading microbe. After surviving the complement battle, infectious pathogenic microbes aim to spread into blood vessels and deeper o ...
O-Linked Glycoproteins - Sigma
... receptors. Many bacterial pathogens express adhesins, carbohydraterecognition proteins specific for cell surface O-glycan structures that function as receptors for binding and infecting host cells. The adhesins bind to the mucin surface glycans, preventing further progress by the pathogen; the bound ...
... receptors. Many bacterial pathogens express adhesins, carbohydraterecognition proteins specific for cell surface O-glycan structures that function as receptors for binding and infecting host cells. The adhesins bind to the mucin surface glycans, preventing further progress by the pathogen; the bound ...
The Origin of Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Holobiont Hydra
... can move on top of the glycocalyx. In the intestinal tract, the mucus layer is continually shed by movement of the luminal content, whereas in the respiratory tract, cilia drive its movement. Hydra’s tube-like body structure resembles in several aspects the anatomy of the vertebrate intestine, with ...
... can move on top of the glycocalyx. In the intestinal tract, the mucus layer is continually shed by movement of the luminal content, whereas in the respiratory tract, cilia drive its movement. Hydra’s tube-like body structure resembles in several aspects the anatomy of the vertebrate intestine, with ...
Neutrophils in tuberculosis: heterogeneity shapes the way?
... activity of neutrophils observed in other studies could be attributed to an inappropriate cell stimulation. However, in some studies, neutrophils did not alter Mtb survival even upon priming with TNF-α [34, 35]. In the study by Corleis and coauthors, neutrophils did not kill Mtb but were able to kil ...
... activity of neutrophils observed in other studies could be attributed to an inappropriate cell stimulation. However, in some studies, neutrophils did not alter Mtb survival even upon priming with TNF-α [34, 35]. In the study by Corleis and coauthors, neutrophils did not kill Mtb but were able to kil ...
Barriers to Pathogens
... outside of the castle was protected by a moat and high stone walls. Inside the castle, soldiers were ready to fight off any invaders that managed to get through the outer defenses. Like a medieval castle, the immune system has a series of defenses. In fact, it has three lines of defense. Only pathog ...
... outside of the castle was protected by a moat and high stone walls. Inside the castle, soldiers were ready to fight off any invaders that managed to get through the outer defenses. Like a medieval castle, the immune system has a series of defenses. In fact, it has three lines of defense. Only pathog ...
Mucosal immune response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L
... and expensive and, in some cases, unavailable due to the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria and fungi. This is why number of biological compounds, as an alternative to the drugs, has been used to reduce the risk of diseases and improve fish welfare by enhancement of non-specific defence system ...
... and expensive and, in some cases, unavailable due to the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria and fungi. This is why number of biological compounds, as an alternative to the drugs, has been used to reduce the risk of diseases and improve fish welfare by enhancement of non-specific defence system ...
Altered frequency and migration capacity of CD4
... that the brightest 2% of the CD25+ population contains most of the Tregs [19], the CD25+ brightest subset was studied further. Notably, the absolute numbers of Tregsbright were significantly decreased in patients with SLE (18.1 2.4 cells/l, P < 0.0001) and patients with RA (43.9 5.4 cells/l, P ...
... that the brightest 2% of the CD25+ population contains most of the Tregs [19], the CD25+ brightest subset was studied further. Notably, the absolute numbers of Tregsbright were significantly decreased in patients with SLE (18.1 2.4 cells/l, P < 0.0001) and patients with RA (43.9 5.4 cells/l, P ...
Molecular mechanisms underlying group A streptococcal
... decades of investigation, the molecular basis of GAS eukaryotic cell adherence remains a very active field of investigation with new insights accumulating rapidly. Intracellular invasion Although GAS is predominantly an extracellular pathogen, data over the past decade have shown that the organism m ...
... decades of investigation, the molecular basis of GAS eukaryotic cell adherence remains a very active field of investigation with new insights accumulating rapidly. Intracellular invasion Although GAS is predominantly an extracellular pathogen, data over the past decade have shown that the organism m ...
Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a highly degenerative, auto
... ROS. AIS is situated relative to the soma, and much like the NOR, ion channels are resided in this area. AIS aids with the proper initiation of the action potential, a feat mediated by its cytoskeletal structure and bundles of protein (Rodriguez, 2014). Maintenance of the AIS is critical for the pro ...
... ROS. AIS is situated relative to the soma, and much like the NOR, ion channels are resided in this area. AIS aids with the proper initiation of the action potential, a feat mediated by its cytoskeletal structure and bundles of protein (Rodriguez, 2014). Maintenance of the AIS is critical for the pro ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... The complement protein C3d and C3d derived peptides that bind CD21 are known to enhance immunity to co-immunised antigens. In this study we have synthesised the minimal CD21 binding sequence of C3d (1227LYNVEA1232) as mono, di and tri tandem repeats and derivatised the N-terminus with an acryloyl mo ...
... The complement protein C3d and C3d derived peptides that bind CD21 are known to enhance immunity to co-immunised antigens. In this study we have synthesised the minimal CD21 binding sequence of C3d (1227LYNVEA1232) as mono, di and tri tandem repeats and derivatised the N-terminus with an acryloyl mo ...
SERIES "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PULMONARY INFECTIONS" Number 5 in this Series
... ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis is increasing. Current treatment regimens require at least 6 months, because latent or stationary phase organisms are difficult to kill. Such regimens do not achieve full compliance, and "directly observed therapy short course" (DOTS) is having less impact than expected. This ...
... ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis is increasing. Current treatment regimens require at least 6 months, because latent or stationary phase organisms are difficult to kill. Such regimens do not achieve full compliance, and "directly observed therapy short course" (DOTS) is having less impact than expected. This ...
Profound CD4+/CCR5+ T cell expansion is induced by CD8+
... administration of exogenous IL-15 during acute SIV infection in RMs with an intact CD8+ lymphocyte compartment stimulated CD4+ target cell proliferation with kinetics similar to CD8+ lymphocyte depletion, but did not recapitulate the early viral dynamics of CD8+ lymphocyte depletion. Collectively, t ...
... administration of exogenous IL-15 during acute SIV infection in RMs with an intact CD8+ lymphocyte compartment stimulated CD4+ target cell proliferation with kinetics similar to CD8+ lymphocyte depletion, but did not recapitulate the early viral dynamics of CD8+ lymphocyte depletion. Collectively, t ...
Evaluation of the effect of honey on immune status in mice bearing
... • and increase in life span percentage (ILS %). • MST of each group containing five mice were monitored by recording the mortality daily for 7 weeks and ILS % was calculated using the following equation: MST= (Day of first death + Day of last death)/2. ILS % = [(Mean survival time of treated group/m ...
... • and increase in life span percentage (ILS %). • MST of each group containing five mice were monitored by recording the mortality daily for 7 weeks and ILS % was calculated using the following equation: MST= (Day of first death + Day of last death)/2. ILS % = [(Mean survival time of treated group/m ...
Echinacea - Standard Process
... Supports the local immune system in the mouth and throat Supports healthy respiratory tissue and respiratory tract function Maintains healthy mucosal tissue in the upper respiratory tract* ...
... Supports the local immune system in the mouth and throat Supports healthy respiratory tissue and respiratory tract function Maintains healthy mucosal tissue in the upper respiratory tract* ...
Strategies of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica to evade
... could take place in E. histolytica as it also consumes arginine during its growth in TYI-S-33 media (Zuo and Coombs 1995). Arginase, a key enzyme in the catabolism of arginine, catalizes the conversion of L-arginine to Lornithine and urea. This activity was detected in a crude lysate of E. histolyti ...
... could take place in E. histolytica as it also consumes arginine during its growth in TYI-S-33 media (Zuo and Coombs 1995). Arginase, a key enzyme in the catabolism of arginine, catalizes the conversion of L-arginine to Lornithine and urea. This activity was detected in a crude lysate of E. histolyti ...