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... • Slow IV administration because fast may cause histamine release (“Redman or redneck syndrome”); flushing, hypotension ...
Immunology & Disease
Immunology & Disease

... Immunology & Disease ...
TB quick facts - WHO Western Pacific Region
TB quick facts - WHO Western Pacific Region

... • Drug-resistant TB is man-made, caused when patients do not take all their medicines regularly. • Drugs to treat resistant TB are more expensive than standard TB drugs and can cause more severe side-effects (though these are manageable). • Strains that are resistant to at least one drug have been d ...
The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown: Exploring the CF Lung
The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown: Exploring the CF Lung

... • Common bacteria • Opportunistic ...
eating worms may inhibit Allergies, Asthma and
eating worms may inhibit Allergies, Asthma and

... growth factor-β (TGF-β) (Shea-Donohue and Urban Jr., 2004). IL-10 has an overall suppressing function on the immune system, turning down both cellular and innate responses and inhibiting macrophages and dendritic cells. TGF-β has actions similar to IL-10. If intestinal worms cause the release of IL- ...
HIV AND THE SKIN Seborrhoeic dermatitis
HIV AND THE SKIN Seborrhoeic dermatitis

... Pigmentation, Longitudinal melanonychia ...
VCH Regional Community
VCH Regional Community

... epidemiology, and severity of illness before starting antibiotics. (Test and consider treatment for influenza during influenza season). 2. Guidelines provide empiric regimens for most common pathogens; clinicians should always check Gram-stain (within 24 hours) and cultures (at 48 hours) to guide an ...
DNA-viruses
DNA-viruses

... • special affinity to red blood cells (haematological changes) • severe situation in chronic anaemia • in pregnancy: spontaneous abortion, malformations ...
Poster_204_ ID-WEEK_ANA-M
Poster_204_ ID-WEEK_ANA-M

... infected patients in order to evaluate the mechanisms of carbapenemase spread in hospitals located in the Antioquia region of Colombia. Methods: We performed a descriptive study in three hospitals of Antioquia, between November 2013 and October 2015. Patients infected or colonized with carbapenem-re ...
Ringworm (Tinea) - California Childcare Health Program
Ringworm (Tinea) - California Childcare Health Program

... Who Gets It and How? Ringworm is spread by direct contact with a person or animal infected with the fungus. It can also be spread indirectly through contact with articles (such as combs or clothing), or with surfaces which have been contaminated with the fungus. A child with ringworm is infectious a ...
College of Medicine Microbiology
College of Medicine Microbiology

... (exogenous)either from other infected person(named cross infection) or from inanimate sources as food or water ( this named environmental infection).  The infection may caused by multiple pathogenic microbes( mixed infection), if high severity is known (super-infection). Some pathogens can not caus ...
Chapter 14: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology
Chapter 14: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

...  According to Center for Disease Control (CDC), 515% of all hospital patients acquire N.I.s.  At least 100,000 deaths in US from N.I.s every year.  Predisposing Factors:  Wide ...
mass administration
mass administration

... How much less trachoma? • WHO: annual treatment of all inhabitants, reduce infection to level where blindness not a public health problem. • Or, should we try to actually reduce the prevalence of infection to zero? ...
Outbreak Management - International Federation of Infection Control
Outbreak Management - International Federation of Infection Control

... • Possible exposures (surgery, nursing and medical staff , infected patients) • Therapy (invasive procedures, medications, antibiotics) ...
1500_Farris_EB5R7
1500_Farris_EB5R7

... BSI (Primary Bloodstream Infection): • Leading, preventable infectious complication • Has a negative impact on patient outcomes ...
Practice Advisory – Emerging Issues in Infection Control
Practice Advisory – Emerging Issues in Infection Control

... hand washing is the single most important procedure for preventing infection. The Health Canada guidelines go on to state: Glove use should be an adjunct to, not a substitution for, hand washing. If hand washing is performed carefully and appropriately by all personnel, gloves are not necessary to p ...
Communicable Disease
Communicable Disease

... most prominent Convalescent stage – signs and symptoms fade and the person is no longer contagious Bacteria – single cell organism - most are beneficial (around 1000) - around 100 can cause disease ...
What Is Leptospira? How Common Is Infection With Leptospira
What Is Leptospira? How Common Is Infection With Leptospira

... Immunocompromised individuals (e.g. HIV/AIDS, transplant and cancer patients) are more susceptible to many kinds of infections, including those which may be transmitted by pets. Patients with HIV/AIDS are at risk of developing particularly severe infection if they are exposed to the Leptospira, alth ...
Case studies in pediatric infectious disease
Case studies in pediatric infectious disease

What is Anaplasmosis? Anaplasmosis is an infectious disease that
What is Anaplasmosis? Anaplasmosis is an infectious disease that

... The chemistry profile looks at the internal organ function. It is very important to evaluate the internal organs to make sure there is no internal organ involvement. All pets with clinical disease are screened for several other infectious organisms that may have also been transmitted and for which t ...
Influenza epidemic spread simulation for Poland a large
Influenza epidemic spread simulation for Poland a large

... using Bernoulli trials  Choice of start and end points – Start point is home, destinations are randomly chosen from the distribution of all agents' geo-locations.  choice of transfer cities – Shortest paths chosen using Dijkstra’s.  choice of co-travellers - random number taken from the uniform p ...
CARDIAC EMERGENCIES - AJA University of Medical Science
CARDIAC EMERGENCIES - AJA University of Medical Science

... acute when due to a virulent organism Causitive organisms  Streptococcus viridans: ~50%...poor dentition Staphylococcus aureus: 20-25%...IV drug use Staphylococcus epidermidis: valve replacement surgery Staphylococcus faecalis: 5%...abortion/genitourinary surgery Gram negative organisms: drug addic ...
Universal Precautions - Canadian Public Health Association
Universal Precautions - Canadian Public Health Association

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), formerly known as venereal
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), formerly known as venereal

... Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), formerly known as venereal diseases, are more than 25 infectious diseases passed from one person to another primarily during sexual contact. STDs are among the most common infections known—more than 15 million people in the United States become infected with one ...
Helping Students Meet the Standard for Combative
Helping Students Meet the Standard for Combative

... that typically begins in the skin but can infiltrate deeper layers of tissue.  How is it transmitted?  Cellulitis is transmitted by direct skin contact with an infected person, or by the sharing of objects like infected clothing, towels, or sports equipment. It may begin at a break in the skin, bu ...
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Hospital-acquired infection



Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) — also known as nosocomial infection — is an infection whose development is favored by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit or one developing among hospital staff. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated roughly 1.7 million hospital-associated infections, from all types of microorganisms, including bacteria, combined, cause or contribute to 99,000 deaths each year. In Europe, where hospital surveys have been conducted, the category of gram-negative infections are estimated to account for two-thirds of the 25,000 deaths each year. Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. Many types are difficult to attack with antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance is spreading to gram-negative bacteria that can infect people outside the hospital.Hospital-acquired infections are an important category of hospital-acquired conditions. HAI is sometimes expanded as healthcare-associated infection to emphasize that infections can be correlated with health care in various settings (not just hospitals), which is also true of hospital-acquired conditions generally.
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