Profiling adaptive immune repertoires across multiple human tissues
... (J) gene segments, and inserts or deletes non-templated bases at the recombination junctions1 (Figure 1a). The resulting DNA sequences are then translated into the antigen receptor proteins. This process allows for an astonishing diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire (i.e., the collection of an ...
... (J) gene segments, and inserts or deletes non-templated bases at the recombination junctions1 (Figure 1a). The resulting DNA sequences are then translated into the antigen receptor proteins. This process allows for an astonishing diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire (i.e., the collection of an ...
Taking Advantage: High-Affinity B Cells in the Germinal Center Have
... however, CD40L is a potent mitogen for B cells in addition to any prosurvival effects (13, 14). Similarly, in vitro, T cells promote B cell proliferation rather than rescue them from cell death (15), in contrast to signals from BAFF, a myeloid cell product (16) that prevents cell death and is import ...
... however, CD40L is a potent mitogen for B cells in addition to any prosurvival effects (13, 14). Similarly, in vitro, T cells promote B cell proliferation rather than rescue them from cell death (15), in contrast to signals from BAFF, a myeloid cell product (16) that prevents cell death and is import ...
Immunization
... also develop the ability to quickly respond to a subsequent encounter (through immunological memory). ...
... also develop the ability to quickly respond to a subsequent encounter (through immunological memory). ...
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH, LHRH) Monoclonal
... (LHRH), is a 10 amino acid neurohormone produced in the hypothalamus. GnRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the two gonadotropins—luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)—by the anterior pituitary gland. Characteristic of all releasing hormones, and most striking in th ...
... (LHRH), is a 10 amino acid neurohormone produced in the hypothalamus. GnRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the two gonadotropins—luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)—by the anterior pituitary gland. Characteristic of all releasing hormones, and most striking in th ...
Reciprocal modulation between TH17 and other helper T cell lineages
... TH17 cell have an important function in the host-defenseresponse against extracellular pathogens, but they also have become notorious for their role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and allergic disorders. Animal models of autoimmune disorders have shown that TH17 effector molecules and transc ...
... TH17 cell have an important function in the host-defenseresponse against extracellular pathogens, but they also have become notorious for their role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and allergic disorders. Animal models of autoimmune disorders have shown that TH17 effector molecules and transc ...
... receptors are two recently identified cytosolic PRR that recognize PAMPs in the intracellular compartments [3]. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most studied PRRs. They recognize a wide range of microbial motifs at the cell surface or within the endosomes. TLRs are highly expressed by macrophages, ...
Periodontal disease associated to systemic genetic disorders
... in turn affects other systems such as cellular immunity or the metabolic system. Therefore, the alteration of these two systems is the principal mechanism underlying periodontal disease mediated by immunoglobulins (2). It has even been demonstrated that humoral response at this level is specific in ...
... in turn affects other systems such as cellular immunity or the metabolic system. Therefore, the alteration of these two systems is the principal mechanism underlying periodontal disease mediated by immunoglobulins (2). It has even been demonstrated that humoral response at this level is specific in ...
CNS IRIS – the evil side of cART
... triggered by antibiotic/antiviral administration =a paradoxical illness after the treatment’s start and related to! • Maximal incidence in HIV-positive patients: 25-45% • When we are chronically infected, our immune system suffers a “paralysis” via germs’ different products (e.g.: chronic hepB,TB) • ...
... triggered by antibiotic/antiviral administration =a paradoxical illness after the treatment’s start and related to! • Maximal incidence in HIV-positive patients: 25-45% • When we are chronically infected, our immune system suffers a “paralysis” via germs’ different products (e.g.: chronic hepB,TB) • ...
Abnormality Detection in Multiagent Systems Inspired by the
... ing what may be abnormal cells or tissues (e.g. unrelated grafts, infected cells, cancerous cells). The characteristics of these abnormalities are in principle open-ended. Experimental evidence indicates that the tolerance exhibited by the immune system results from the dynamics and interactions be ...
... ing what may be abnormal cells or tissues (e.g. unrelated grafts, infected cells, cancerous cells). The characteristics of these abnormalities are in principle open-ended. Experimental evidence indicates that the tolerance exhibited by the immune system results from the dynamics and interactions be ...
Acanthamoeba and the blood–brain barrier: the breakthrough
... host determinants [interleukin beta (IL-b), IL-a, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), gamma interferon (IFN-c), host cell apoptosis]. The overall outcome is increased permeability and/or apoptosis of the brain endothelial cells, which promotes blood–brain barrier disruptions leading to parasite in ...
... host determinants [interleukin beta (IL-b), IL-a, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), gamma interferon (IFN-c), host cell apoptosis]. The overall outcome is increased permeability and/or apoptosis of the brain endothelial cells, which promotes blood–brain barrier disruptions leading to parasite in ...
Deep Insight Section The Fas - Fas Ligand apoptotic pathway
... acid extracellular domain), but alternative splicing can result in a soluble form termed decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), that binds FasL and inhibits FasL-induced apoptosis. Fas-mediated apoptosis is triggered by its ligand, FasL (Suda et al., 1993), which is expressed in a far more restricted way than the ...
... acid extracellular domain), but alternative splicing can result in a soluble form termed decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), that binds FasL and inhibits FasL-induced apoptosis. Fas-mediated apoptosis is triggered by its ligand, FasL (Suda et al., 1993), which is expressed in a far more restricted way than the ...
Nonspecific Defenses
... If you have a cut on your hand, the break in the skin provides a way for pathogens to enter your body. Assume bacteria enter through the cut and infect the wound. These bacteria would then encounter the body’s second line of defense. ...
... If you have a cut on your hand, the break in the skin provides a way for pathogens to enter your body. Assume bacteria enter through the cut and infect the wound. These bacteria would then encounter the body’s second line of defense. ...
Neuromodulation of Aerobic Exercise—A Review
... The BDNF increase may differ across exercise regimen as well as gender. A recent review (Huang et al., 2014) concludes that a single session of aerobic exercise (running or cycling, ranging from 20 to 90 min of 40–75% of maximal power output or 40–60% of VO2max or 75% of maximal heart rate) increase ...
... The BDNF increase may differ across exercise regimen as well as gender. A recent review (Huang et al., 2014) concludes that a single session of aerobic exercise (running or cycling, ranging from 20 to 90 min of 40–75% of maximal power output or 40–60% of VO2max or 75% of maximal heart rate) increase ...
Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Iowa State University – 2013-2014 1
... Current topics in molecular aspects of immunology: T and B cell receptors; major histocompatibility complex; antibody structure; immunosuppressive drugs and viruses; and intracellular signaling pathways leading to expression of genes that control and activate immune function. V MPM 625. Mechanisms o ...
... Current topics in molecular aspects of immunology: T and B cell receptors; major histocompatibility complex; antibody structure; immunosuppressive drugs and viruses; and intracellular signaling pathways leading to expression of genes that control and activate immune function. V MPM 625. Mechanisms o ...
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
... Xenopus is the only genus where polyploid as well as diploid species exist naturally, and can be artificially produced with various degrees of polyploidy (2N to 8N), enabling an experimental approach to studying the consequences of whole genome duplication (i.e., study the fate of duplicated genes), ...
... Xenopus is the only genus where polyploid as well as diploid species exist naturally, and can be artificially produced with various degrees of polyploidy (2N to 8N), enabling an experimental approach to studying the consequences of whole genome duplication (i.e., study the fate of duplicated genes), ...
Bee products as immunopotentiation Honey
... and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. ...
... and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. ...
Page 1 of 27 Functionally distinct subsets of human
... Several mechanisms have evolved to restrain CD4+ T cell responses in order to avoid unwanted tissue destruction, immunopathology and autoimmunity. Among these, CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are characterized by their ability to inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro, and by their constitutive expres ...
... Several mechanisms have evolved to restrain CD4+ T cell responses in order to avoid unwanted tissue destruction, immunopathology and autoimmunity. Among these, CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are characterized by their ability to inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro, and by their constitutive expres ...
The parasympathetic system
... The autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining the internal environment of the body (homeostasis) • Visceral functions • Controls arterial pressure, gastrointestinal secretion, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and other functions • Changes visceral functions rapidly ...
... The autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining the internal environment of the body (homeostasis) • Visceral functions • Controls arterial pressure, gastrointestinal secretion, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and other functions • Changes visceral functions rapidly ...
Chronic inflammation
... components, which are converted to the С3а, C5a С567 fraction with high chemotactic activity by proteases secreted by the same macrophages. Lysosomal enzymes are secreted by macrophages as collagenase cleaved collagen. The products of partial collagen degradation have a strong ability to attract fr ...
... components, which are converted to the С3а, C5a С567 fraction with high chemotactic activity by proteases secreted by the same macrophages. Lysosomal enzymes are secreted by macrophages as collagenase cleaved collagen. The products of partial collagen degradation have a strong ability to attract fr ...
Radial Basis Networks:
... Piecewise Linear Function Testing Adaptive center RBF network performed better till the number of radial basis functions reached 6. I found that at higher numbers of radial basis functions (9 and above), both RBF networks were providing similar approximations of piecewise-linear function. Piecewise ...
... Piecewise Linear Function Testing Adaptive center RBF network performed better till the number of radial basis functions reached 6. I found that at higher numbers of radial basis functions (9 and above), both RBF networks were providing similar approximations of piecewise-linear function. Piecewise ...
Development of Vaccine and Diagnostics for Prevention and Control
... infectious agent. Activated T cells interact closely in the lymph nodes with B cells, which give them signals for immunoglobulin production. At last they leave the lymph nodes and return to the initial site of injury [5]. The vaccine is mainly composed of antigen and adjuvant in case of veterinary v ...
... infectious agent. Activated T cells interact closely in the lymph nodes with B cells, which give them signals for immunoglobulin production. At last they leave the lymph nodes and return to the initial site of injury [5]. The vaccine is mainly composed of antigen and adjuvant in case of veterinary v ...
Mucosal Prevalence and Interactions with the Epithelium Indicate
... proteins. Furthermore, only S. wadsworthensis induced an interleukin-8 production in enterocytes, which could be due to different lipopolysaccharide structures between the species. However, its pro-inflammatory activity was modest as compared to non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. Sutterella spp. had n ...
... proteins. Furthermore, only S. wadsworthensis induced an interleukin-8 production in enterocytes, which could be due to different lipopolysaccharide structures between the species. However, its pro-inflammatory activity was modest as compared to non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. Sutterella spp. had n ...
Dietary strategies to improve calf health
... compete with the more pathogenic microorganisms for limited resources. In addition, probiotics are themselves bacteria and they may “prime” the immune system of the calf by staying alert, as even the immune system recognizes the “good” bacteria as foreign. The common, commercially-available prebioti ...
... compete with the more pathogenic microorganisms for limited resources. In addition, probiotics are themselves bacteria and they may “prime” the immune system of the calf by staying alert, as even the immune system recognizes the “good” bacteria as foreign. The common, commercially-available prebioti ...
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health. PNI studies, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in health and disease; disorders of the neuroimmune system (autoimmune diseases; hypersensitivities; immune deficiency); and the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.