Mesenchymal stem cells in immunoregulation
... of DC.61 Finally, MSC caused mature DC1 to decrease TNF-a secretion and mature DC2 to increase IL-10 secretion, leading to a state of immunotolerance. IL-10 tends to have a significant inhibitory effect on several aspects of APC function, such as downregulating the expression of surface markers (CD4 ...
... of DC.61 Finally, MSC caused mature DC1 to decrease TNF-a secretion and mature DC2 to increase IL-10 secretion, leading to a state of immunotolerance. IL-10 tends to have a significant inhibitory effect on several aspects of APC function, such as downregulating the expression of surface markers (CD4 ...
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
... whereas only 75% to 83% of IgM+ B cells express CD32, suggesting a possible bias toward activation (Chattha et al., 2010b). However, receptor expression was investigated by flow cytometry, which does not provide information about the location of receptor-expressing cells in the lymphoid tissues. The ...
... whereas only 75% to 83% of IgM+ B cells express CD32, suggesting a possible bias toward activation (Chattha et al., 2010b). However, receptor expression was investigated by flow cytometry, which does not provide information about the location of receptor-expressing cells in the lymphoid tissues. The ...
Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)- Frequently Asked
... factor FoxP3 and aren’t really influenced by the cytokine milieu. Natural Tregs represent approximately 5–10% of the total CD4+ T-cell population. They are thought to be positively selected during thymic selection, with a relatively high avidity for self-antigens. The signal to develop into Tregs is ...
... factor FoxP3 and aren’t really influenced by the cytokine milieu. Natural Tregs represent approximately 5–10% of the total CD4+ T-cell population. They are thought to be positively selected during thymic selection, with a relatively high avidity for self-antigens. The signal to develop into Tregs is ...
Trends and advances in tumor immunology and lung cancer
... perforin and granzymes [31], 2) expression of death receptor-mediated apoptosis [32] or 3) secretion of TNF-α [33] and destroying tumor cells through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity by expressing CD16 [34]. Furthermore, NK cells have an indirect antitumor activity through producing cytokine ...
... perforin and granzymes [31], 2) expression of death receptor-mediated apoptosis [32] or 3) secretion of TNF-α [33] and destroying tumor cells through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity by expressing CD16 [34]. Furthermore, NK cells have an indirect antitumor activity through producing cytokine ...
Th17 development
... toxoplasmosis gondii24-29. A major role of Th17 appears to be attracting other immune cells, being neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ memory T cells and B-cells30. Knockouts of the IL-17 cytokine or receptor, as well as mice treated with blocking antibodies, show a defective granulocyte response and enhan ...
... toxoplasmosis gondii24-29. A major role of Th17 appears to be attracting other immune cells, being neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ memory T cells and B-cells30. Knockouts of the IL-17 cytokine or receptor, as well as mice treated with blocking antibodies, show a defective granulocyte response and enhan ...
B-cell responses to vaccination at the extremes of age
... moreover, immature DC–T-cell interactions might also limit infant IgG responses. In addition, neonatal CD4+ T-cell responses differ from those elicited later in life, showing preferential T-helper-2-cell polarization (reviewed in ref. 10). This could either support or limit neonatal antibody respons ...
... moreover, immature DC–T-cell interactions might also limit infant IgG responses. In addition, neonatal CD4+ T-cell responses differ from those elicited later in life, showing preferential T-helper-2-cell polarization (reviewed in ref. 10). This could either support or limit neonatal antibody respons ...
An Overview of B Cells – from Discovery to Therapy
... There are two routes to B cell activation and initiation of the humoral immune response, which depend on the nature of the antigen. Non-protein antigens such as lipids, nucleic acids and glycoproteins stimulate antibody production in the absence of T cells, and are referred to as thymus independent ...
... There are two routes to B cell activation and initiation of the humoral immune response, which depend on the nature of the antigen. Non-protein antigens such as lipids, nucleic acids and glycoproteins stimulate antibody production in the absence of T cells, and are referred to as thymus independent ...
DNA Vaccines: Progress and Challenges
... their ability to induce immune responses without any special formulation. However, biodistribution studies showed that the number of plasmid DNA molecules surviving to transfect target cells after i.m. injection was only a small fraction of the total DNA injected. The quest for higher immune respons ...
... their ability to induce immune responses without any special formulation. However, biodistribution studies showed that the number of plasmid DNA molecules surviving to transfect target cells after i.m. injection was only a small fraction of the total DNA injected. The quest for higher immune respons ...
Nitric oxide and reproduction
... fetal–placental vasculature obtained from patients having preeclampsia with or without intrauterine growth restriction. The authors speculate that the increase in eNOS expression in the fetal–placental vasculature of pre-eclamptic subjects may be an adaptive response to increased resistance, poor pe ...
... fetal–placental vasculature obtained from patients having preeclampsia with or without intrauterine growth restriction. The authors speculate that the increase in eNOS expression in the fetal–placental vasculature of pre-eclamptic subjects may be an adaptive response to increased resistance, poor pe ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute,
... any pathogen common to a given individuals specific environment. These branches are, however, not two entirely separate systems but the adaptive is dependent on the innate components to function and the innate immune responses are much more efficient when aided by adaptive components. The cells of t ...
... any pathogen common to a given individuals specific environment. These branches are, however, not two entirely separate systems but the adaptive is dependent on the innate components to function and the innate immune responses are much more efficient when aided by adaptive components. The cells of t ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Irish Pig Health Society
... 1. Under commercial conditions (‘inflammatory state’), pig performance will increase with increased levels of dietary Trp 2. Under commercial conditions (‘inflammatory state’), markers of inflammation will be ameliorated in pigs fed higher levels of Trp than pigs fed lower levels ...
... 1. Under commercial conditions (‘inflammatory state’), pig performance will increase with increased levels of dietary Trp 2. Under commercial conditions (‘inflammatory state’), markers of inflammation will be ameliorated in pigs fed higher levels of Trp than pigs fed lower levels ...
IL-23 modulated myelin-specific T cells induce - Bio
... Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells. An unresolved issue that has important clinical implications concerns the cytokines produced by myelin-reactive T cells that determine ...
... Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells. An unresolved issue that has important clinical implications concerns the cytokines produced by myelin-reactive T cells that determine ...
The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B
... alteration of CD244 which is required before the CD2 expressed on NK cells can become effective stimulators (NKa) of B cells via their counter-receptor CD48 [25]. These partially activated B cells (Ba) can proceed to Ig secretion upon encounter with antigen. It is also possible that NK stimulation c ...
... alteration of CD244 which is required before the CD2 expressed on NK cells can become effective stimulators (NKa) of B cells via their counter-receptor CD48 [25]. These partially activated B cells (Ba) can proceed to Ig secretion upon encounter with antigen. It is also possible that NK stimulation c ...
Proc R Soc B template (v. 1.0)
... Source and handling of all-trans retinoic acid in vivo Vitamin A is present in the diet either as retinyl esters (with fatty acids, usually in the alltrans isomeric configuration) or as plant precursors of which the greatest share is -carotene which comprises two retinol molecules. Interconversion ...
... Source and handling of all-trans retinoic acid in vivo Vitamin A is present in the diet either as retinyl esters (with fatty acids, usually in the alltrans isomeric configuration) or as plant precursors of which the greatest share is -carotene which comprises two retinol molecules. Interconversion ...
The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B
... alteration of CD244 which is required before the CD2 expressed on NK cells can become effective stimulators (NKa) of B cells via their counter-receptor CD48 [25]. These partially activated B cells (Ba) can proceed to Ig secretion upon encounter with antigen. It is also possible that NK stimulation c ...
... alteration of CD244 which is required before the CD2 expressed on NK cells can become effective stimulators (NKa) of B cells via their counter-receptor CD48 [25]. These partially activated B cells (Ba) can proceed to Ig secretion upon encounter with antigen. It is also possible that NK stimulation c ...
2003 ARS Immunology Research Workshop
... many posing difficult challenges for control. Zoonoses, such as avian influenza, represent a significant portion of the emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases that are threatening our people and public health systems; moreover, many zoonotic pathogens are also known as “select agents,” which by ...
... many posing difficult challenges for control. Zoonoses, such as avian influenza, represent a significant portion of the emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases that are threatening our people and public health systems; moreover, many zoonotic pathogens are also known as “select agents,” which by ...
Rapid early innate control of hepatitis C virus during IFN
... to activate NK cells is a balance between activating receptors (e.g. NKG2D, NKp30, and NKp46) and inhibitory receptors (e.g., killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIRs), NKG2A). The rapid pathogen-induced response of NK cells includes direct perforinmediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release [ ...
... to activate NK cells is a balance between activating receptors (e.g. NKG2D, NKp30, and NKp46) and inhibitory receptors (e.g., killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIRs), NKG2A). The rapid pathogen-induced response of NK cells includes direct perforinmediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release [ ...
lwwus_ijg_jog-d-14-00286 59..61 - MyWeb
... with retinal ganglion cells. In this image of a flat-mounted retina of a human donor with advanced glaucoma, profound labeling is observed in distinct regions. Other retinal regions of the same eye exhibit far fewer MAC-positive cells or none at all. MAC indicates membrane attack complex. ...
... with retinal ganglion cells. In this image of a flat-mounted retina of a human donor with advanced glaucoma, profound labeling is observed in distinct regions. Other retinal regions of the same eye exhibit far fewer MAC-positive cells or none at all. MAC indicates membrane attack complex. ...
viruses - biologyonline.us
... Viruses may replicate widely throughout the body without any disease symptoms if they do not cause significant cell damage or death some viruses may not cause cell death being released from the cell by budding rather than by cell lysis causing persistent infections May be passed vertically to offspr ...
... Viruses may replicate widely throughout the body without any disease symptoms if they do not cause significant cell damage or death some viruses may not cause cell death being released from the cell by budding rather than by cell lysis causing persistent infections May be passed vertically to offspr ...
Exploiting Immune Response Dynamics in HIV Therapy
... ”auto-immunize” patients, boosting their adaptive immune system’s response to HIV to the point where it was capable of maintaining the virus at low levels without the need for continued use of the anti-viral agents. Supporting this hypothesis were a number of anecdotes involving patients with record ...
... ”auto-immunize” patients, boosting their adaptive immune system’s response to HIV to the point where it was capable of maintaining the virus at low levels without the need for continued use of the anti-viral agents. Supporting this hypothesis were a number of anecdotes involving patients with record ...
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health. PNI studies, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in health and disease; disorders of the neuroimmune system (autoimmune diseases; hypersensitivities; immune deficiency); and the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.