Cells
... (2) generates "stranger" or "danger" signals activating dendritic cells The major functions of the acquired immune system include: Recognition of specific "non-self" antigens in the presence of "self", during the process of antigen presentation. Generation of responses that are tailored to maximally ...
... (2) generates "stranger" or "danger" signals activating dendritic cells The major functions of the acquired immune system include: Recognition of specific "non-self" antigens in the presence of "self", during the process of antigen presentation. Generation of responses that are tailored to maximally ...
How does HIV affect the immune response/system? Important terms
... of the infected cells (McCance & Huether, 2006). The immune system also makes antibodies against the virus that bind and neutralize it (Kasper & Harrison, 2005). During this first phase of infection, the viral levels in the blood are very high, thus triggering an immune response. Some patients will ...
... of the infected cells (McCance & Huether, 2006). The immune system also makes antibodies against the virus that bind and neutralize it (Kasper & Harrison, 2005). During this first phase of infection, the viral levels in the blood are very high, thus triggering an immune response. Some patients will ...
IMMUNOLOGY FINAL EXAM 1. A Major difference between using
... B. Gp120 is the principal viral receptor involved in the binding of HIV to host cells. C. Gp41 is involved in the internalization of HIV D. In latently infected cells, the viral genome persists for months to years as a double stranded, circular RNA molecules in the host cell nucleus. E. The virus pr ...
... B. Gp120 is the principal viral receptor involved in the binding of HIV to host cells. C. Gp41 is involved in the internalization of HIV D. In latently infected cells, the viral genome persists for months to years as a double stranded, circular RNA molecules in the host cell nucleus. E. The virus pr ...
The Immune System
... Macrophages clean up cellular debris & pathogens If pathogens were associated with the injury, activation of the complement cascade occurs & elements of adaptive immunity join the process ...
... Macrophages clean up cellular debris & pathogens If pathogens were associated with the injury, activation of the complement cascade occurs & elements of adaptive immunity join the process ...
12 inflammation
... Mainly the factors produced by macrophages and activated endothelial cells, and the products of cascade systems (getting out form the blood) are responsible for the classical the symptoms of inflammation: redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), warmth (calor), pain (dolor) loss of function (function les ...
... Mainly the factors produced by macrophages and activated endothelial cells, and the products of cascade systems (getting out form the blood) are responsible for the classical the symptoms of inflammation: redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), warmth (calor), pain (dolor) loss of function (function les ...
Lecture 9: T-cell Mediated Immunity
... These cells must home to an environment wherein they wait for exposure to the antigen that they are preprogrammed to recognize. After exposure to the antigen they proliferate, leave the lymph node and migrate to infected tissues where they function as effector cells. ...
... These cells must home to an environment wherein they wait for exposure to the antigen that they are preprogrammed to recognize. After exposure to the antigen they proliferate, leave the lymph node and migrate to infected tissues where they function as effector cells. ...
Anti-Mouse CD357
... GITR (Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR family gene) and its ligand (GITRL) are induced upon activation of a number of immune cell types. GITR is expressed at low levels on resting T cells, but its expression is rapidly increased upon activation. Although constitutively expressed on Foxp3+ regulatory T ce ...
... GITR (Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR family gene) and its ligand (GITRL) are induced upon activation of a number of immune cell types. GITR is expressed at low levels on resting T cells, but its expression is rapidly increased upon activation. Although constitutively expressed on Foxp3+ regulatory T ce ...
Specific Host Defense Mechanisms
... – glycoproteins produced by host that bind to antigens an antigenic determinant on the antigen (epitope) – ‘specific’ – recognize and bind to only the antigen that stimulate its initial production (but occasionally, they crossreact) ...
... – glycoproteins produced by host that bind to antigens an antigenic determinant on the antigen (epitope) – ‘specific’ – recognize and bind to only the antigen that stimulate its initial production (but occasionally, they crossreact) ...
ovary - Hale AP Biology
... Pollination: the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma • can be by wind, water, bee, moth and butterfly, fly, bird, bat, or water Pollen tube: After landing on a stigma, a pollen grain produces a tube which extends between the cells of the style toward the ovary Double fertilization: the dis ...
... Pollination: the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma • can be by wind, water, bee, moth and butterfly, fly, bird, bat, or water Pollen tube: After landing on a stigma, a pollen grain produces a tube which extends between the cells of the style toward the ovary Double fertilization: the dis ...
Innate Immunity PowerPoint
... 3) Normal bacterial flora 4) Cell communicators (cytokines) 5) Sensor systems (complements) 6) Phagocytosis 7) Fever ...
... 3) Normal bacterial flora 4) Cell communicators (cytokines) 5) Sensor systems (complements) 6) Phagocytosis 7) Fever ...
chapter outline - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... migrate to tissues where they mature into macrophages b. Macrophages—larger than monocytes; have more organelles and possess receptors that allow them to discriminate self from nonself; surface molecules recognize common components of pathogens (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and enable pat ...
... migrate to tissues where they mature into macrophages b. Macrophages—larger than monocytes; have more organelles and possess receptors that allow them to discriminate self from nonself; surface molecules recognize common components of pathogens (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and enable pat ...
Stress
... A bit of background on the immune system • Immune system – identifies and eliminates foreign materials that contact or enter body, • foreign materials can be bacteria, viruses, parasites, donated organs ...
... A bit of background on the immune system • Immune system – identifies and eliminates foreign materials that contact or enter body, • foreign materials can be bacteria, viruses, parasites, donated organs ...
Defence mechanisms agaist pathogenic diseases.
... circulatory System help the body fight off pathogens, when an infection occurs your body makes more white blood cells to fight the infection. There are two types of lymphocytes, B and T. B produces anti-bodies while T attacks pathogens directly. ...
... circulatory System help the body fight off pathogens, when an infection occurs your body makes more white blood cells to fight the infection. There are two types of lymphocytes, B and T. B produces anti-bodies while T attacks pathogens directly. ...
Lymphatic System
... attached to basophils and mast cells Subsequent exposures- mast cells and basophils secrete several substances including histamine These substances produce the reactions seen in allergy reactions ...
... attached to basophils and mast cells Subsequent exposures- mast cells and basophils secrete several substances including histamine These substances produce the reactions seen in allergy reactions ...
Week 8--2/29
... Why would chronic inflammation lead to cancer? • The pathogen (e.g., virus) carries an oncogene that is inappropriately expressed. • Not all chronic inflammation is due to an infectious agent. For those that are, no oncogenes have been identified. • Infection leads to cell death that requires rapid ...
... Why would chronic inflammation lead to cancer? • The pathogen (e.g., virus) carries an oncogene that is inappropriately expressed. • Not all chronic inflammation is due to an infectious agent. For those that are, no oncogenes have been identified. • Infection leads to cell death that requires rapid ...
Adaptive immune response
... DNA plasmid vector vaccines carry the genetic information encoding an antigen, The DNA vaccine-derived protein antigen is degraded by proteosomes into intracellular peptides These vaccine derived-peptides binds MHC class I molecules Peptide antigen/MHC I complexes are presented on the cell surface b ...
... DNA plasmid vector vaccines carry the genetic information encoding an antigen, The DNA vaccine-derived protein antigen is degraded by proteosomes into intracellular peptides These vaccine derived-peptides binds MHC class I molecules Peptide antigen/MHC I complexes are presented on the cell surface b ...
Lec
... already attached to antigens), prodding them into more rapid division (clone production) and then signaling for antibody formation to begin. They also release a variety of cytokine chemicals called lymphokines that act indirectly to rid the body of antigens by (1) stimulating cytotoxic T cells and B ...
... already attached to antigens), prodding them into more rapid division (clone production) and then signaling for antibody formation to begin. They also release a variety of cytokine chemicals called lymphokines that act indirectly to rid the body of antigens by (1) stimulating cytotoxic T cells and B ...
2 cells
... are constitutively present in tissues and recognize rapidly microbes that enter these tissues. Initiate the immune response. •They have phagocytic capabilities migrate to lymph nodes, and display microbial antigens to T lymphocytes,professional antigen presentimg cells (APC) Neutrophil granulocytes ...
... are constitutively present in tissues and recognize rapidly microbes that enter these tissues. Initiate the immune response. •They have phagocytic capabilities migrate to lymph nodes, and display microbial antigens to T lymphocytes,professional antigen presentimg cells (APC) Neutrophil granulocytes ...
Myeloid cells in ocular health and disease
... Presentation Description: Immune suppressive cells of myeloid origin accumulate in individuals with a variety of conditions. These conditions typically involve inflammation, and range from an inflammatory tumor microenvironment to infection, stress, and aging. The predominant cell types are myeloid- ...
... Presentation Description: Immune suppressive cells of myeloid origin accumulate in individuals with a variety of conditions. These conditions typically involve inflammation, and range from an inflammatory tumor microenvironment to infection, stress, and aging. The predominant cell types are myeloid- ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑