Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma
... Eosinophils produce major basic protein, eosinophilic cationic protein and eosinophil peroxidase ( toxic to epithelial cells). Activated eosinophils are also a rich source of leukotrienes, especially leukotriene C4, which contribute to bronchoconstriction. These amplify and sustains injury wi ...
... Eosinophils produce major basic protein, eosinophilic cationic protein and eosinophil peroxidase ( toxic to epithelial cells). Activated eosinophils are also a rich source of leukotrienes, especially leukotriene C4, which contribute to bronchoconstriction. These amplify and sustains injury wi ...
Human-specific evolution of killer cell immunoglobulin
... is diversified. Competing demands of the immune and reproductive systems, and of T-cell and NK-cell immunity—combined with the segregation on different chromosomes of variable NK-cell receptors and their MHC class I ligands—drive an unusually rapid evolution that has resulted in unprecedented levels ...
... is diversified. Competing demands of the immune and reproductive systems, and of T-cell and NK-cell immunity—combined with the segregation on different chromosomes of variable NK-cell receptors and their MHC class I ligands—drive an unusually rapid evolution that has resulted in unprecedented levels ...
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Entry Is Required for the Function
... of the CRAC channel (2–4). Opening of ORAI1 results in storeoperated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), thus called because this form of Ca2+ influx is regulated by the ER Ca2+ concentrations (5). SOCE has been demonstrated not only in T cells but also in many other types of immune cells, including B cells, mast ce ...
... of the CRAC channel (2–4). Opening of ORAI1 results in storeoperated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), thus called because this form of Ca2+ influx is regulated by the ER Ca2+ concentrations (5). SOCE has been demonstrated not only in T cells but also in many other types of immune cells, including B cells, mast ce ...
MIP636- Mechanisms of Viral Infection and Disease
... Students will be able to describe how viruses are transmitted and spread within the host and populations Students will be able to explain the mechanisms by which the host elicits an immune response Students will be able to describe the mechanisms by which viruses modulate the immune response Student ...
... Students will be able to describe how viruses are transmitted and spread within the host and populations Students will be able to explain the mechanisms by which the host elicits an immune response Students will be able to describe the mechanisms by which viruses modulate the immune response Student ...
The MHC complex
... Gene conversion and new alleles Sequences can be transferred from one gene to a similar but different gene by a process know as gene conversion. This can occur by a misalignment of two paired homologous chromosomes When there are many copies of similar genes arrayed in tandem. Polymorphisms have be ...
... Gene conversion and new alleles Sequences can be transferred from one gene to a similar but different gene by a process know as gene conversion. This can occur by a misalignment of two paired homologous chromosomes When there are many copies of similar genes arrayed in tandem. Polymorphisms have be ...
Lymph formation, composition and circulation
... by the two fluids, which is suggestive of a core of conserved functional features between plasma and lymph. In 2013, Clement et al. (12, 47) reported a comparative proteomics analysis of matched human plasma versus lymph, highlighting the presence of 72 lymph-enriched proteins, involved in apoptosi ...
... by the two fluids, which is suggestive of a core of conserved functional features between plasma and lymph. In 2013, Clement et al. (12, 47) reported a comparative proteomics analysis of matched human plasma versus lymph, highlighting the presence of 72 lymph-enriched proteins, involved in apoptosi ...
Treg and CTLA-4: Two intertwining pathways to
... the basis of their CD45 isoform usage [36], or their expression of CD38 [37] or CD25 [38e41]. It is now well established that Treg are essential for the maintenance of tolerance to self-tissues (particularly those that announce their presence via secretory function) as well as regulating responses t ...
... the basis of their CD45 isoform usage [36], or their expression of CD38 [37] or CD25 [38e41]. It is now well established that Treg are essential for the maintenance of tolerance to self-tissues (particularly those that announce their presence via secretory function) as well as regulating responses t ...
The use of probiotics in fish feed for intensive aquaculture to
... degrading dietary compounds, influencing nutrient partitioning and lipid metabolism, providing essential nutrients generated as a result of microbial metabolism, protecting against invading pathogens and stimulating gut morphology (Mulder et al., 2009). Apart from these, the flora also acts as a bar ...
... degrading dietary compounds, influencing nutrient partitioning and lipid metabolism, providing essential nutrients generated as a result of microbial metabolism, protecting against invading pathogens and stimulating gut morphology (Mulder et al., 2009). Apart from these, the flora also acts as a bar ...
Signaling Complexes Human IgG and Formation of Inflammatory
... (arginine, R134) allele of FcgRIIa (FcgRIIa-HR) and LR (histidine, H134) allele of FcgRIIa (FcgRIIa-LR) relate to different abilities to bind mouse IgG1 or human IgG2, respectively (19, 20). Indeed, the FcgRIIa-LR is the only receptor that binds human IgG2 (21), which interestingly is a major IgG cl ...
... (arginine, R134) allele of FcgRIIa (FcgRIIa-HR) and LR (histidine, H134) allele of FcgRIIa (FcgRIIa-LR) relate to different abilities to bind mouse IgG1 or human IgG2, respectively (19, 20). Indeed, the FcgRIIa-LR is the only receptor that binds human IgG2 (21), which interestingly is a major IgG cl ...
Harnessing Local Immunity for an Effective Universal Swine
... strain but rapid escape occurs through antigenic drift of the surface glycoproteins. However, it is known that prior infection provides a degree of cross-protective immunity mediated by cellular immune mechanisms directed at the more conserved internal viral proteins. Here we review new data that em ...
... strain but rapid escape occurs through antigenic drift of the surface glycoproteins. However, it is known that prior infection provides a degree of cross-protective immunity mediated by cellular immune mechanisms directed at the more conserved internal viral proteins. Here we review new data that em ...
Mistletoe in the treatment of malignant melanoma
... Mistletoe gained attention as a potantial anticancer agent because of their immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties [9,39,50-53]. Mistletoe extracts stimulate the immune system non-spesifically, by increasing the number and activity of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, natural-killer ...
... Mistletoe gained attention as a potantial anticancer agent because of their immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties [9,39,50-53]. Mistletoe extracts stimulate the immune system non-spesifically, by increasing the number and activity of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, natural-killer ...
Vibrio Amalia A. Almada, Ann M. Tarrant#
... symbionts within the host tissue (Login et al. 2011). Such finely-tuned and localized innate immune responses to bacterial symbionts complement those highly conserved, systemic innate immune responses to invading microbes, including the prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade and catalase activity. The pro ...
... symbionts within the host tissue (Login et al. 2011). Such finely-tuned and localized innate immune responses to bacterial symbionts complement those highly conserved, systemic innate immune responses to invading microbes, including the prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade and catalase activity. The pro ...
Colon Carcinoma Model to Cure Established Tumors in a Murine
... We investigated whether CpG ODN administered to mice in vivo have antitumor effects. In the prophylactic setting, mice were injected s.c. with CpG ODN 1826 (100 g) 7 days before challenge with C26 tumor cells. Injection of CpG ODN alone delayed tumor growth compared with the group without treatment ...
... We investigated whether CpG ODN administered to mice in vivo have antitumor effects. In the prophylactic setting, mice were injected s.c. with CpG ODN 1826 (100 g) 7 days before challenge with C26 tumor cells. Injection of CpG ODN alone delayed tumor growth compared with the group without treatment ...
Molecular Studies of T Cell Recognition and Cross
... Abstract Intracellular pathogens are recognized by a specialized subset of lymphocytes known as CD8+ T cells. Pathogen recognition by CD8+ T cells occurs through binding of T cell receptors (TCR) to processed antigens in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. TCR engag ...
... Abstract Intracellular pathogens are recognized by a specialized subset of lymphocytes known as CD8+ T cells. Pathogen recognition by CD8+ T cells occurs through binding of T cell receptors (TCR) to processed antigens in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. TCR engag ...
Chapter 1 - Baboola Sumo
... convert an inactive blood-borne prodrug to active form. In addition, xenobiorgs might provide a medical benefit by removing unwanted molecules from an organ. Removal of the biochemical signals by which cancers masquerade as wounded tissue is one example. Other examples might include removal of exces ...
... convert an inactive blood-borne prodrug to active form. In addition, xenobiorgs might provide a medical benefit by removing unwanted molecules from an organ. Removal of the biochemical signals by which cancers masquerade as wounded tissue is one example. Other examples might include removal of exces ...
Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms
... The p53 protein was originally identified as a nuclear phosphoprotein bound to the large transforming antigen of the SV40 DNA virus (T antigen). It is now known to play important roles in at least two major processes: regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Because p53 protein inhibits or ...
... The p53 protein was originally identified as a nuclear phosphoprotein bound to the large transforming antigen of the SV40 DNA virus (T antigen). It is now known to play important roles in at least two major processes: regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Because p53 protein inhibits or ...
The Inflammatory Response Initiated by the Spleen to Ischemic Stroke
... divided into two types of ischemia that can cause neural injury: global ischemia and focal ischemia. Global ischemia occurs when there is loss of blood flow to the whole brain such as during a myocardial infarction (MI) when blood flow to the whole body is stopped. Focal ischemia only affects certa ...
... divided into two types of ischemia that can cause neural injury: global ischemia and focal ischemia. Global ischemia occurs when there is loss of blood flow to the whole brain such as during a myocardial infarction (MI) when blood flow to the whole body is stopped. Focal ischemia only affects certa ...
Plasma IL-25 is elevated in a subgroup of patients Open Access
... diet for at least 6 months. Together these data may indicate that elevated plasma IL-25 is a sign of chronic immune activation that is not induced by the provoking allergen itself but represents a risk factor for the development or persistence of clinical reactivity to peanut. Recently it was sugges ...
... diet for at least 6 months. Together these data may indicate that elevated plasma IL-25 is a sign of chronic immune activation that is not induced by the provoking allergen itself but represents a risk factor for the development or persistence of clinical reactivity to peanut. Recently it was sugges ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑