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IL-17/IL-17 receptor system in autoimmune disease
... subsets of IL-17-producing cells that arise independently of IL-6, including iNKT cells, γ δ T-cells, LTi-like cells (lymphoid-tissue inducer-like cell) and NK-like cells [11]. Another important transcriptional regulator that regulates innate IL-17-producing cells is AHR. It has been suggested that ...
... subsets of IL-17-producing cells that arise independently of IL-6, including iNKT cells, γ δ T-cells, LTi-like cells (lymphoid-tissue inducer-like cell) and NK-like cells [11]. Another important transcriptional regulator that regulates innate IL-17-producing cells is AHR. It has been suggested that ...
ON VACCINES AND IMMUNISATION
... It contains a form of mercury called ethyl mercury which is not associated with any of the toxic effects of methyl mercury, a known neurotoxin. Thiomersal has been used in vaccines in very small amounts for about 80 years, with no evidence of it being harmful. Upon review of the current epidemiologi ...
... It contains a form of mercury called ethyl mercury which is not associated with any of the toxic effects of methyl mercury, a known neurotoxin. Thiomersal has been used in vaccines in very small amounts for about 80 years, with no evidence of it being harmful. Upon review of the current epidemiologi ...
Parasite Resistance and the Adaptive Significance of Sleep
... system. To do so we extracted data on sleeping times for different mammalian species from the published literature and matched these data where possible with white blood cell counts reported by the International Species Information System (ISIS [24]; [see Additional File 1]). We use white blood cell ...
... system. To do so we extracted data on sleeping times for different mammalian species from the published literature and matched these data where possible with white blood cell counts reported by the International Species Information System (ISIS [24]; [see Additional File 1]). We use white blood cell ...
Parasite resistance and the adaptive significance of sleep The
... system. To do so we extracted data on sleeping times for different mammalian species from the published literature and matched these data where possible with white blood cell counts reported by the International Species Information System (ISIS [24]; [see Additional File 1]). We use white blood cell ...
... system. To do so we extracted data on sleeping times for different mammalian species from the published literature and matched these data where possible with white blood cell counts reported by the International Species Information System (ISIS [24]; [see Additional File 1]). We use white blood cell ...
Scientific Research Summary
... purified human NK cells results in expression of the activation marker CD69 on almost all CD3- CD56+ NK cells. ...
... purified human NK cells results in expression of the activation marker CD69 on almost all CD3- CD56+ NK cells. ...
Bioluminescent assay for evaluating antimicrobial activity in insect
... Insect immunity in general involves both humoral and cellular activities, which closely interact. Cellular activity of insect immune systems rely on different classes of haemocytes, which phagocytose and form capsules around larger intruders and defend organism against large numbers of bacteria by e ...
... Insect immunity in general involves both humoral and cellular activities, which closely interact. Cellular activity of insect immune systems rely on different classes of haemocytes, which phagocytose and form capsules around larger intruders and defend organism against large numbers of bacteria by e ...
Intracellular NAD+ levels are associated with LPS-induced TNF
... of TNF-α suggesting a link between the redox and thus metabolic, state of cell and pro-inflammatory responses. During glycolysis, NAD + is reduced to NADH whereas NADH can be oxidized back to NAD + during anaerobic lactic fermentation or during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [7], thus, NAD ...
... of TNF-α suggesting a link between the redox and thus metabolic, state of cell and pro-inflammatory responses. During glycolysis, NAD + is reduced to NADH whereas NADH can be oxidized back to NAD + during anaerobic lactic fermentation or during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [7], thus, NAD ...
Recognition of LPS by TLR4: potential for anti
... released the lipid A part becomes exposed and initiates an immune response. LPS is released from the bacterial outer membrane when bacteria multiply, die or lyse (Van Amersfoort et al. 2003). Immune recognition of LPS starts with the binding to lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), an acute phas ...
... released the lipid A part becomes exposed and initiates an immune response. LPS is released from the bacterial outer membrane when bacteria multiply, die or lyse (Van Amersfoort et al. 2003). Immune recognition of LPS starts with the binding to lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), an acute phas ...
The Role of Enteric Neurotransmission in Host Defense and
... Protection of the GI tract from injury is accomplished by a series of physical and chemical barriers. The gut needs to be protected from harmful agents that have been ingested, as well as from the processes of digestion and from the normal luminal contents (Fasano and SheaDonohue, 2005; McCole and B ...
... Protection of the GI tract from injury is accomplished by a series of physical and chemical barriers. The gut needs to be protected from harmful agents that have been ingested, as well as from the processes of digestion and from the normal luminal contents (Fasano and SheaDonohue, 2005; McCole and B ...
Immunotherapy in the battle against c
... Cancer and immunotherapy In the story of David and Goliath, which was written centuries ago, we were taught that a battle can only be won by intelligence and not by pure strength. Only when targeting the enemy´s weak spot David was able to conquer Goliath. In analogy to this story, also in the battl ...
... Cancer and immunotherapy In the story of David and Goliath, which was written centuries ago, we were taught that a battle can only be won by intelligence and not by pure strength. Only when targeting the enemy´s weak spot David was able to conquer Goliath. In analogy to this story, also in the battl ...
fulltext
... or in the follicles of the white pulp of the spleen. Their main function is to recognize foreign antigens, and (with T-cell help) become activated, form a specific B-cell clone (clonal selection), which is one of the cornerstones in the GC reaction. In the GC, the activated cells will further diffe ...
... or in the follicles of the white pulp of the spleen. Their main function is to recognize foreign antigens, and (with T-cell help) become activated, form a specific B-cell clone (clonal selection), which is one of the cornerstones in the GC reaction. In the GC, the activated cells will further diffe ...
Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud Badr_final malaria-25
... observed in children, while pulmonary and renal disorders often occur in adults . Both parasite and host factors determine the severity and outcome of malaria infection [3]. There has been rather little work characterizing innate immune responses to malaria, assessing their role in protection or the ...
... observed in children, while pulmonary and renal disorders often occur in adults . Both parasite and host factors determine the severity and outcome of malaria infection [3]. There has been rather little work characterizing innate immune responses to malaria, assessing their role in protection or the ...
Density-Dependent Prophylaxis in Insects
... The formation of an envelope of cells around an invading organism that is too large to be phagocytosed. The cells become melanized via the action of phenoloxidase (Götz 1986). A methyl-ester sesquiterpene hormone produced by the corpora allata and involved in many aspects of reproduction and develop ...
... The formation of an envelope of cells around an invading organism that is too large to be phagocytosed. The cells become melanized via the action of phenoloxidase (Götz 1986). A methyl-ester sesquiterpene hormone produced by the corpora allata and involved in many aspects of reproduction and develop ...
the cd40 receptor - Immunotechnology
... 2 THE CD40 RECEPTOR 2.1 Identification of CD40 CD40 was originally identified by an antibody raised against urinary bladder carcinoma that was found to bind B cells as well (Koho et al., 1984; Paulie et al., 1984). Today, CD40 is known to be expressed on a variety of cells in the immune system, e.g ...
... 2 THE CD40 RECEPTOR 2.1 Identification of CD40 CD40 was originally identified by an antibody raised against urinary bladder carcinoma that was found to bind B cells as well (Koho et al., 1984; Paulie et al., 1984). Today, CD40 is known to be expressed on a variety of cells in the immune system, e.g ...
Dissertation LeWi Fakultät Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
... Analyses of the clinical and morphological picture in patients suffering from dermatomyositis showed that juvenile patients have very characteristic symptoms, like dysphagia and calcifications of skeletal muscles that are not part of the disease in adults. On the other hand, both diseases are consi ...
... Analyses of the clinical and morphological picture in patients suffering from dermatomyositis showed that juvenile patients have very characteristic symptoms, like dysphagia and calcifications of skeletal muscles that are not part of the disease in adults. On the other hand, both diseases are consi ...
BMC Evolutionary Biology
... Our results and interpretation are consistent with experimental studies showing that animals sleep for extended periods when mounting an immune response [13,16]. If evolved increases in sleep allow animals to channel more energy into their immune defences and so protect against the development of ac ...
... Our results and interpretation are consistent with experimental studies showing that animals sleep for extended periods when mounting an immune response [13,16]. If evolved increases in sleep allow animals to channel more energy into their immune defences and so protect against the development of ac ...
Teil 1: „Studies on the extracellular matrix enzyme
... (MAO A and B), polyamine oxidase (PAO), semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) also called vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and diamine oxidase (DAO) {Jalkanen & Salmi, 2001}. This enzyme family is classified into different subgroups based on their cofactors, either a flavinadenine dinucleo ...
... (MAO A and B), polyamine oxidase (PAO), semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) also called vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and diamine oxidase (DAO) {Jalkanen & Salmi, 2001}. This enzyme family is classified into different subgroups based on their cofactors, either a flavinadenine dinucleo ...
Innate immune system
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Innate_immune_system.png?width=300)
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑