MS_Word ~ 493 KB
... containment measure in the event of an influenza pandemic. Antivirals are currently being stockpiled due to the threat of a pandemic so supplies for other uses such as prophylaxis and treatment for seasonal influenza are constrained. 4. Existing data on influenza hospitalisations underestimate the t ...
... containment measure in the event of an influenza pandemic. Antivirals are currently being stockpiled due to the threat of a pandemic so supplies for other uses such as prophylaxis and treatment for seasonal influenza are constrained. 4. Existing data on influenza hospitalisations underestimate the t ...
Learning from the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic
... as drug resistance, increased transmissibility, or increased virulence. This process typically involves trade-offs such that the overall characteristics of the resulting virus are rarely significantly different from existing strains. Evolutionary drift occurs at a rapid rate; as a result, humans are ...
... as drug resistance, increased transmissibility, or increased virulence. This process typically involves trade-offs such that the overall characteristics of the resulting virus are rarely significantly different from existing strains. Evolutionary drift occurs at a rapid rate; as a result, humans are ...
presentation as PDF file
... farms by fruit bats, spread easily among pigs and was transmitted to humans who came into close contact with infected animals. From pigs, the virus has also been transmitted to other animals such as dogs, cats, and horses. Lam, Antiviral Res. 57, 113-119 (2003) ...
... farms by fruit bats, spread easily among pigs and was transmitted to humans who came into close contact with infected animals. From pigs, the virus has also been transmitted to other animals such as dogs, cats, and horses. Lam, Antiviral Res. 57, 113-119 (2003) ...
Guidelines on Croup
... difficulty breathing. This condition is often seen in young children and infants, typically between 3 months and 5 years. Croup is seen more often in the Northern hemisphere, usually between the months of October through March. However, it can occur at anytime during the year. Cause(s) can include • ...
... difficulty breathing. This condition is often seen in young children and infants, typically between 3 months and 5 years. Croup is seen more often in the Northern hemisphere, usually between the months of October through March. However, it can occur at anytime during the year. Cause(s) can include • ...
Colds and Influenza: A Review of Diagnosis and Conventional
... primarily by the influenza virus (serotypes A and B). It occurs worldwide and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The first report of what was likely an influenza epidemic was noted in 1173-1174,7 and the first definitive report occurred in 1694.8 During the 18th century, data o ...
... primarily by the influenza virus (serotypes A and B). It occurs worldwide and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The first report of what was likely an influenza epidemic was noted in 1173-1174,7 and the first definitive report occurred in 1694.8 During the 18th century, data o ...
MB-10 Tablets (1-5 gram) 300 Count 8-1-2014.pub
... device. Spray 6-8 inches from the surface and spray until totally wet. Do not breathe spray. Allow to air dry. The 200 ppm chlorine dioxide use-solution is effective against gram negative and gram positive bacteria, HIV-1, Human coronavirus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Newcastle Disease vi ...
... device. Spray 6-8 inches from the surface and spray until totally wet. Do not breathe spray. Allow to air dry. The 200 ppm chlorine dioxide use-solution is effective against gram negative and gram positive bacteria, HIV-1, Human coronavirus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Newcastle Disease vi ...
Viral Meningitis_final.pmd
... There are a number of viruses capable of causing viral meningitis, so the manner in which the virus is spread depends on the type of virus involved. The viruses can be spread by having direct contact with respiratory secretions (saliva, sputum and nasal secretions) of an infected person and then rub ...
... There are a number of viruses capable of causing viral meningitis, so the manner in which the virus is spread depends on the type of virus involved. The viruses can be spread by having direct contact with respiratory secretions (saliva, sputum and nasal secretions) of an infected person and then rub ...
Avian influenza virus, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, severe acute
... in many human deaths. Clade 2 exhibits the most complicated phylogeny. Viruses from Clade 2.1 are mostly isolated from Indonesia, with 2.1.1 and 2.1.3 from eastern Indonesia and 2.1.2 from western Indonesia (Smith et al. 2006b). Virus with the most similarity to Clade 2.1 was isolated from chickens ...
... in many human deaths. Clade 2 exhibits the most complicated phylogeny. Viruses from Clade 2.1 are mostly isolated from Indonesia, with 2.1.1 and 2.1.3 from eastern Indonesia and 2.1.2 from western Indonesia (Smith et al. 2006b). Virus with the most similarity to Clade 2.1 was isolated from chickens ...
Swine Influenza A (H1N1 Virus): A Pandemic Disease
... pig population by humans. The current swine flu H3N2 viruses are closely related to human H3N2 viruses. Swine flu outbreaks in pigs occur regularly, causing high levels of illness and low death rates. Swine influenza viruses may circulate among swine throughout the year, but most outbreaks occur dur ...
... pig population by humans. The current swine flu H3N2 viruses are closely related to human H3N2 viruses. Swine flu outbreaks in pigs occur regularly, causing high levels of illness and low death rates. Swine influenza viruses may circulate among swine throughout the year, but most outbreaks occur dur ...
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Indian
... High Security Animal Disease Laboratory OIE Ref. Lab for HPAI National Institute of Virology ...
... High Security Animal Disease Laboratory OIE Ref. Lab for HPAI National Institute of Virology ...
Scientific barriers to developing vaccines against avian influenza
... The 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic Of the three influenza pandemics that occurred in the twentieth century, the Spanish influenza (H1N1 virus) pandemic of 1918–1919 was the most notable. More than 40 million people around the world died from influenza101. An important feature of this pandemic was t ...
... The 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic Of the three influenza pandemics that occurred in the twentieth century, the Spanish influenza (H1N1 virus) pandemic of 1918–1919 was the most notable. More than 40 million people around the world died from influenza101. An important feature of this pandemic was t ...
Recent expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: a
... and H9N2 (Lin et al. 2000). In 2003 in Holland, the H7N7 subtype caused the death of a veterinarian and several dozen cases of conjunctivitis. In Hong Kong in 1999, two children infected by the H9N2 subtype developed respiratory disorders (Lin et al. 2000). It is possible that LP AIV are regularly t ...
... and H9N2 (Lin et al. 2000). In 2003 in Holland, the H7N7 subtype caused the death of a veterinarian and several dozen cases of conjunctivitis. In Hong Kong in 1999, two children infected by the H9N2 subtype developed respiratory disorders (Lin et al. 2000). It is possible that LP AIV are regularly t ...
Virus Dynamics and Evolution: Bridging Scales and Disciplines
... export of unspliced RNA produced in lentivirus infections but also contains CTL epitopes. Thus variation in Rev is on one hand constrained by encoding an essential function and because of sharing nucleotide sequence with another essential protein while simultaneously being driven to vary by host cel ...
... export of unspliced RNA produced in lentivirus infections but also contains CTL epitopes. Thus variation in Rev is on one hand constrained by encoding an essential function and because of sharing nucleotide sequence with another essential protein while simultaneously being driven to vary by host cel ...
Genetic evolution of influenza A(H7N9) virus in China
... hospital ward, while the five other clusters involve transmission among family members. For several family clusters, common exposure to poultry cannot be ruled-out. Similar clusters were also identified during previous waves, and there are no indications of sustained chains of human-to-human transmi ...
... hospital ward, while the five other clusters involve transmission among family members. For several family clusters, common exposure to poultry cannot be ruled-out. Similar clusters were also identified during previous waves, and there are no indications of sustained chains of human-to-human transmi ...
Viral–bacterial interactions in the respiratory tract
... and changes in the microenvironment have hereby been shown to contribute to the development of secondary bacterial infections. In contrast, our understanding of how bacteria shape a response to subsequent viral infection is still limited. There is emerging evidence that persistent infection (or colo ...
... and changes in the microenvironment have hereby been shown to contribute to the development of secondary bacterial infections. In contrast, our understanding of how bacteria shape a response to subsequent viral infection is still limited. There is emerging evidence that persistent infection (or colo ...
Addressing Emerging Pandemic Threats
... Rona Ambrose said the deceased person was an Alberta resident who had recently travelled to Beijing. Calling the death an "isolated case", Ms Ambrose said the risk to the general population was low. Ten people have died in Alberta this season from swine flu, or H1N1. H5N1 infects the lower respirato ...
... Rona Ambrose said the deceased person was an Alberta resident who had recently travelled to Beijing. Calling the death an "isolated case", Ms Ambrose said the risk to the general population was low. Ten people have died in Alberta this season from swine flu, or H1N1. H5N1 infects the lower respirato ...
Phenotypes influencing the transmissibility of highly pathogenic
... and DkYK10 are PQRERRKKR, PQGERRRKKR and PQRERRRKKR, respectively. These viruses were propagated in the allantoic membrane of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, and the 50 % egg infective dose (EID50) was determined by the method of Reed and Muench (1938). The HPAI viruses were handled in a biosaf ...
... and DkYK10 are PQRERRKKR, PQGERRRKKR and PQRERRRKKR, respectively. These viruses were propagated in the allantoic membrane of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, and the 50 % egg infective dose (EID50) was determined by the method of Reed and Muench (1938). The HPAI viruses were handled in a biosaf ...
Characterization of Avian H5N1 Influenza Viruses
... *University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; ²Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; §School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin±Madison, Wisconsin 53706; ¶Faculty of A ...
... *University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; ²Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; §School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin±Madison, Wisconsin 53706; ¶Faculty of A ...
convención sobre las especies migratorias
... The goal of the meeting was to address the migratory bird and environmental aspects of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 epidemic. Sound scientific information, including an understanding of the environment and migratory bird populations, is a necessity for understanding the ...
... The goal of the meeting was to address the migratory bird and environmental aspects of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 epidemic. Sound scientific information, including an understanding of the environment and migratory bird populations, is a necessity for understanding the ...
Vol. 15 | Weekly issue 24 | 17 June 2010
... The batch of sausages (‘use by’ date up to 15 June) derived from this Salmonella-positive melee was subject to a national voluntary withdrawal and recall by the manufacturer on 27 May 2010, with a press release and posters in chain A supermarkets. A small proportion of the batch had been exported to ...
... The batch of sausages (‘use by’ date up to 15 June) derived from this Salmonella-positive melee was subject to a national voluntary withdrawal and recall by the manufacturer on 27 May 2010, with a press release and posters in chain A supermarkets. A small proportion of the batch had been exported to ...
Flu-vaccination-letter
... Flu is spread by coughs and sneezes that propel infected droplets of saliva or nasal secretions into the air which are then breathed in by others. The disease is also spread by people touching surfaces that the droplets have landed on and then touching their mouth, nose or eyes. This is why frequent ...
... Flu is spread by coughs and sneezes that propel infected droplets of saliva or nasal secretions into the air which are then breathed in by others. The disease is also spread by people touching surfaces that the droplets have landed on and then touching their mouth, nose or eyes. This is why frequent ...
The Pain Role
... common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an ...
... common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an ...
SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV)
... developing countries. Incidence of CAP in developing countries estimated around150.7million cases/year. Mortality rate from CAP in developing countries is as high as 2.1 million cases/year. (20% of all mortality cases). ...
... developing countries. Incidence of CAP in developing countries estimated around150.7million cases/year. Mortality rate from CAP in developing countries is as high as 2.1 million cases/year. (20% of all mortality cases). ...
Immunization for the Elderly - Sarasota Memorial Health Care System
... the age and immunocompetence of the vaccine recipient, and the degree of similarity between the viruses in the vaccine and those in circulation. Older persons might have lower postvaccination antibody titers than healthy young adults and can remain susceptible to influenza virus infection and influe ...
... the age and immunocompetence of the vaccine recipient, and the degree of similarity between the viruses in the vaccine and those in circulation. Older persons might have lower postvaccination antibody titers than healthy young adults and can remain susceptible to influenza virus infection and influe ...
thomas francis, jr - National Academy of Sciences
... to be a constituent of the bacterial cell wall. Over the threeyear period of their collaboration two remarkable findings came forth. "The first of these was that there occurs in the blood of patients with many acute infections a new substance, not an antibody in the usual sense, which reacts specifi ...
... to be a constituent of the bacterial cell wall. Over the threeyear period of their collaboration two remarkable findings came forth. "The first of these was that there occurs in the blood of patients with many acute infections a new substance, not an antibody in the usual sense, which reacts specifi ...
Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. The cough, however, may last for more than two weeks. In children there may be nausea and vomiting but these are not common in adults. Nausea and vomiting occur more commonly in the unrelated infection gastroenteritis, which is sometimes inaccurately referred to as ""stomach flu"" or ""24-hour flu"". Complications of influenza may include viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sinus infections, and worsening of previous health problems such as asthma or heart failure.Three types of influenza affect people. Usually, the virus is spread through the air from coughs or sneezes. This is believed to occur mostly over relatively short distances. It can also be spread by touching surfaces contaminated by the virus and then touching the mouth or eyes. A person may be infectious to others both before and during the time they are sick. The infection may be confirmed by testing the throat, sputum, or nose for the virus. A number of rapid tests are available; however, people may still have the infection if the results are negative. A type of polymerase chain reaction that detects the virus's RNA is more accurate.Frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection because the virus is inactivated by soap. Wearing a surgical mask is also useful. Yearly vaccinations against influenza are recommended by the World Health Organization for those at high risk. The vaccine is usually effective against three or four types of influenza. It is usually well tolerated. A vaccine made for one year may not be useful in the following year, since the virus evolves rapidly. Antiviral drugs such as the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir among others have been used to treat influenza. Their benefits in those who are otherwise healthy do not appear to be greater than their risks. No benefit has been found in those with other health problems.Influenza spreads around the world in a yearly outbreak, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. In the Northern and Southern parts of the world outbreaks occur mainly in winter while in areas around the equator outbreaks may occur at any time of the year. Death occurs mostly in the young, the old and those with other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent. In the 20th century three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in 1918, Asian influenza in 1958, and Hong Kong influenza in 1968, each resulting in more than a million deaths. The World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a pandemic in June 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs, horses and birds.