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Notes
Notes

... 5. The girls had never played on the team before. They won the first game of the season. 6. He was bigger and stronger than I. I let him kick sand in my face. 7. Girls are weaker than boys. Boys are putty in their hands. ...
The Analysis
The Analysis

... are perceived by the mind. When an abstract notion is by the force of the mind represented through a concrete object, an image is the result (ibid: 31). Lexical meaning is a means by which a word-form is made to express a definite concept. Lexical meaning refers the mind to some concrete concept, ph ...
$doc.title

... determine in the usual fashion the order in which the binary operations are to be performed and the subformulae to which they are to be applied. We could introduce characters T and F to denote the Boolean constants ‘true’ and ‘false’ respectively. It remains to consider how Boolean variables are to ...
General Tone
General Tone

... ▪ If you cannot stand to read it, why would anyone else feel differently? ...
Sentence diagram generation using dependency parsing
Sentence diagram generation using dependency parsing

... parsers. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to the difficulty of converting between dependency models. The options that have previously been presented for comparing dependency models are either too specific to be accurate (relying on annotation schemes that are not adequately parallel for co ...
Comments on Abusch`s theory of tense
Comments on Abusch`s theory of tense

... by the operator in Comp. We will see below that such binding is an option for the finite tenses PAST and PRES as well, but with them, it is not obligatory. We may draw an analogy here to a well-known difference between the empty pronoun PRO and overt pronouns like he, she etc.: PRO can only be inter ...
Vol.2 No.1.11
Vol.2 No.1.11

... question of how people interpret language: what knowledge is used, and exactly how this knowledge is applied in practice. In its simplest form, the parsing problem involves the definition of an algorithm that maps any input sentence to its associated syntactic tree structure. Parsing natural languag ...
1. Linguistic processing
1. Linguistic processing

... be unified into groups which will be further called lexemes (though they are not lexemes in the strict linguistic sense). Obviously, several such lexemes can correspond to the same word. In order to decrease the number of the resulting variants of the sentence, the morphological analyzer has a filte ...
Activities to develop writing at sentence and word level
Activities to develop writing at sentence and word level

... focus letter patterns, i.e. all the words with the /ai/ phoneme in them. T. should then model shared writing using the focus letter pattern. In groups/pairs/individual children find as many examples as they can from other texts and sources. Word sort Children then sort and classify the words into su ...
Style/Clarity Assessment Module
Style/Clarity Assessment Module

... Concise: During that period, many car buyers preferred pink, shiny cars. (10 words) Now Your Turn: Wordy: The microscope revealed a group of organisms that were round in shape and peculiar in nature. (16 words) Concise: (9 words) Change phrases into single-words and adjectives Using phrases to conve ...
Discontinuous phrases in dependency grammar
Discontinuous phrases in dependency grammar

... without recognising them. But now they are in place, we can exploit them in the search for a more suitable replacement for the Projectivity Principle. I shall illustrate the discussion with examples of subject-to-subject raising, as in It is raining. We have to justify three dependency relations: it ...
Handling of Prepositions in English to Bengali Machine Translation
Handling of Prepositions in English to Bengali Machine Translation

... which have many senses as preposition. By making use of the semantic features of the Complements (reference object) and Heads (verb, verb phrase, noun or noun phrase governing a preposition or a PP), the meaning of the polysemous prepositions can be computationally disambiguated. The different meani ...
LI2013 (10) – Syntax (for students)
LI2013 (10) – Syntax (for students)

... Head Types  In Noun Phrase (NP):  Functions like a noun, head is noun (N)  Ex. The car, a clever student ...
How Sentence Stress Works - KSU Faculty Member websites
How Sentence Stress Works - KSU Faculty Member websites

... for Middle and High School students. However, there are some important considerations for these levels that make learning Sentence Stress both easier and more difficult at the same time. It is easier for older students because of their cognitive ability and familiarity with “patterns” and “rules” ch ...
Sanskrit signs and P¯an.inian scripts - Gallium
Sanskrit signs and P¯an.inian scripts - Gallium

... There have been indeed attempts to write a simulator as a computer program that would progressively elaborate a target Sanskrit utterance as a sequence of operations on a string of phonemes – certain ending up as phonetic material, others being meta-linguistic markers (anubandha) which are progressi ...
Fundamental Notions in Semantics
Fundamental Notions in Semantics

... If Morning Star is Evening Star (that is, Venus), then both of the sentences would be of the semantic form X is X. Since any X is X itself, this semantic form is necessarily true - in other words, it is a cliché. But this is contrary to our linguistic intuition. According to our intuition, the first ...
Syntax - English sentence structure
Syntax - English sentence structure

... Run-on sentences: These are two sentences that the writer has not separated with an end punctuation mark, or has not joined with a conjunction. (Click the following run-ons to see where they should be separated into two sentences.) o I went to Paris in the vacation it is the most beautiful place I h ...
1. The word as the basic unit of the language. The size-of
1. The word as the basic unit of the language. The size-of

... Today the accepted point of view is that Eng. is a Germanic language and the mixed character of its vocabulary is one of its main features. It can be proved by the fact that in speech the correlation between native and borrow words is different. It was found out that in the works of English classics ...
Introduction to Words and Morphemes
Introduction to Words and Morphemes

... Morphosyntax, surely they are not only some of Morphology’s but also Syntax’. In short Morphosyntax is the study of grammatical categories or linguistic units that have both morphological and syntactic properties. It is also meant the set of rules that govern linguistic units whose properties are de ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... better if you provide illustrations of specific situations. If you have access to a computer, page through the clip art and look for situations that may be described with direct objects. Print them out and make a collage, writing appropriate sentences under each one. If you prefer, cut out appropria ...
6.3 Resource - Prepositions
6.3 Resource - Prepositions

... A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. In itself, a word like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to define a preposition like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how som ...
Lexical Gaps - Maarten Janssen
Lexical Gaps - Maarten Janssen

... words. Formal gaps can be searched for, for instance in the study of neologism: formal neologisms are words that until recently were lexical gaps and have recently been “promoted” to lexical words2. A special type of formal gaps is found in those possible words that can be correctly formed out of le ...
Do Function Words Belong to Part of Speech?
Do Function Words Belong to Part of Speech?

... have been described in the works of K.Iskakova, K. Akhanov, N.Oralbayeva. However, in their works one cannot find the information about its types as a particular field for investigation. In this regard grammatical and specific features, the appropriate usage of function words have not also been cove ...
Predicate 1. Introduction - Collier Technologies LLC
Predicate 1. Introduction - Collier Technologies LLC

... `report’ (ʾal-xabar `report, comment’). The correspondence is imperfect because some nominal clauses are analyzed as topic-comment structures rather than as predications (Bakir 1980, Eisele 1999, Mohammad 2000), although this characterization continues to be debated (see Section 4 and →nominal claus ...
Prepositions: Locators in Time and Place
Prepositions: Locators in Time and Place

... "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to define a preposition like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else. Prepositions are nearly always combined wit ...
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Lojban grammar

Lojban is a constructed language based on predicate logic. It was created by the Logical Language Group between 1987 and 1997. Lojban is designed to be spoken by humans, but is also theoretically computer-speakable. The majority of its grammar is borrowed from the first ""logical language,"" Loglan, and some of its features come from Láadan. Most of Lojban's root words derive from the six most widely spoken natural languages, Arabic, Chinese, English, Hindi, Russian, and Spanish. The characteristic regularity, unambiguity, and versatility of Lojban grammar owes much to scientific linguistics and computer programming—resources that were unavailable to the designers of earlier languages. An advantage of Lojban as a speakable language over other languages was summarized as follows: ""Lojban moves beyond the restrictions of European grammar. It overtly incorporates linguistic universals, building in what is needed to support the expressivity of the whole variety of natural languages, including non-European ones.""
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