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On the Use and Meaning of Prepositions Clearly
On the Use and Meaning of Prepositions Clearly

... next most often nominals differing from, but having common properties with, its objects in sentences. The results implied: (a) that a S treats two prepositions as being semantically related to the extent that they are interchangeable in sentences; and (b) that a S implicitly uses hierarchical phrase ...
About the Different Kinds of Meanings of a Sentence
About the Different Kinds of Meanings of a Sentence

... All syntactical constructions can be classified according to the structural, semantical and pragmatical aspects. It is necessary to state that in the structural classification of the sentence the functional signs are considered to be the main parts. From this point of view the structure of the sente ...
Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence

... therefore, people avoid them. Emily and her snobby friends incessantly eavesdrop and gossip; people, therefore, avoid them. Emily and her snobby friends incessantly eavesdrop and gossip; people avoid them, therefore. ...
The compound verbal modal predicate
The compound verbal modal predicate

... Grammar, whose subject matter is the observable organisation of words into various combinations, takes that which is common and basic in linguistic forms and gives in an orderly way accurate descriptions of the practice to which users of the language conform. And with this comes the realisation that ...
File - Mrs. Ethington
File - Mrs. Ethington

... What’s the answer to this question? Is there a reason for this delay? What’s the matter with you? Here’s an example of good behavior. Congratulations on winning the competition! Traffic can cause damage to the environment. ...
An  Introduction  to  Cognitive  Grammar RONALD
An Introduction to Cognitive Grammar RONALD

... particular sense of a linguistic expression? Specifically rejected is the idea that a semantic structure reduces to a bundle of features or semantic markers (cf. Katz & Fodor, 1963). Rejected as well is the notion that all meanings are described directly in terms of semantic primitives. It is claime ...
Narrative writing marking guide
Narrative writing marking guide

... hard-done by – technical: resuscitated – formal: To what do I owe this honour? – colloquial language for characters’ speech: Watcha doin? – alliteration: … completely captivating cat called Clarence – effective personification … the wind clutched at her hair ...
Cognitive linguistics and language structure
Cognitive linguistics and language structure

... (Reisberg 2007: 270). A few of them must be built in, because they underlie our most basic logical operations, the clearest example being the ‘isa’ relation mentioned above; but most of them must be learned from experience just like ordinary concepts. One solution to this dilemma is to recognise the ...
Dwnst_eff._pred_FG_CW_
Dwnst_eff._pred_FG_CW_

... English. My personal preference is to choose the „compositional‟ method, since the choice of aspect, tense, mood and modality in a given underlying clause structure clearly has very similar effects to that of argument selection. And in such cases, it would be absurd to claim that we are dealing with ...
Lexical Functional Grammar
Lexical Functional Grammar

... Phenomena that had been explained by the interaction of transformations are accounted for in LFG by the regular interaction of lexical processes. Bresnan shows that some of the classic arguments for syntactic transformations do not, in fact, distinguish between a transformational and a lexical acco ...
Lesson 1 - Forum EDU.ro
Lesson 1 - Forum EDU.ro

... speaker of Chinese says, "I am student," leaving out the "a." Explicit grammar lessons help students understand the differences in the grammar between the first and second languages. Second versus foreign language: English is an international language, spoken natively in many different countries of ...
Thursday, August 19 (PowerPoint Format)
Thursday, August 19 (PowerPoint Format)

... • However, for effect, elements of the predicate often are put at the beginning of a sentence. (In the most formal writing, such elements are set off with a comma, but that is somewhat a matter of taste) ...
Choices: Examining the Parts of a Sentence
Choices: Examining the Parts of a Sentence

... 1. Until recently, tourists could reach the tiny island only by boat. 2. The island of Bequia remains relatively untouched by the trappings of modern life. 3. A need for economic growth has led to the construction of an airport. 4. Some islanders are worried about the loss of the old way of life. 5. ...
Phonaesthemes: A Corpus-Based Analysis Katya Otis () Eyal Sagi ()
Phonaesthemes: A Corpus-Based Analysis Katya Otis () Eyal Sagi ()

... subset. Indeed, it is likely that a large enough set of words, even if random, will contain a subset that shares some semantic content. It is also possible that differences between our results and those reported elsewhere may be attributable to the age of our corpus. While the Gutenberg corpus is la ...
Pre Test Excerpt
Pre Test Excerpt

... phonaesthemes also exhibited an exceptionally high level of support (e.g., #Siggl- = 96; #Sig-ump = 75). This supports the common intuition about these phonetic groups‟ internal sound-meaning relationship and suggests that intuition tends to pick out the strongest phonaesthemes rather than weaker on ...
Emergent Functional Grammar for Space
Emergent Functional Grammar for Space

... (“block”). But the other utterances (Examples 2 and 3) use the same ingredients and so the information provided by the lexicon is not enough to uniquely determine which mental program is intended. This is where grammar is needed. The role of grammar is to provide clues on what conceptualization stra ...
Functional and Content Words
Functional and Content Words

... "suffixes"). Of these, prefixes and lexical suffixes have word-building functions, together with the root they form the stem of the word; inflexions (grammatical suffixes) express different morphological categories. The root, according to the positional content of the term (i.e. the border-area betw ...
Grammar Basics: Sentences, Part 1
Grammar Basics: Sentences, Part 1

... noun) that renames the subject. And notice that it follows a state-of-being verb. “Now, when an adjective such as ‘angry’ describes the subject in the sentence – here, ‘Nemesis’ – and when it also follows a state-of-being verb, it is said to be a predicate adjective. “So, old boy, you can see now wh ...
15_chapter 5
15_chapter 5

... denote free or fixed word orderness. In fixed word order languages, the position gives us some important information regarding the structure of the sentences. For example, while scanning an English sentence, if we find “a/an/the” the next word must be a noun word. This type of prediction reduces the co ...
indian grammatical theory
indian grammatical theory

... wh(!re four out of the six vediiligas 3 are directly rdated to the language. Several language-related references and insights in physics and metaphysics of sabda are rec(:>rded in v,edic: and Upani~adic texts4 • To maintain and interpret the vast oral Vedic ver:ba.l discourse, the Indian philosopher ...
Parts of the Sentence
Parts of the Sentence

... many improbable tales. ...
An Object-Oriented Approach In Representing And Parsing The
An Object-Oriented Approach In Representing And Parsing The

... implied. By definition, in a verb phrase, the main verb is necessary and thus its occurrence is compulsory, but a verb phrase may also have several optional helping verbs. The implied option is currently used in a structure for second-person imperative sentences, where the subject of ‘you’ is not al ...
Rule 1. You may end a sentence with a preposition. Just do not use
Rule 1. You may end a sentence with a preposition. Just do not use

... When used with many verbs of motion, however, “on” and “in” already have a directional meaning. We therefore can freely use them instead of “onto” and “into.” Note that “on” and “onto” work equally well in the following sentences: “The cats fell on [onto] the floor.” “The whales washed up onto [on] ...
Analysis and Synthesis of the Semantic Functions of Reduplication
Analysis and Synthesis of the Semantic Functions of Reduplication

... Partial reduplication without affixes has five morphological patterns as shown in Figure 2. Vowel change and consonant change are the reduplication types where the root words undergo a partial vowel change and a partial consonant change respectively. For example, the vowel /u/ in the root word gunun ...
The problem of Parts of the sentence
The problem of Parts of the sentence

... sentence are organically related. This does not call for much to explain. The part of speech classification is known to be based not only on the morphological and ...
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Lojban grammar

Lojban is a constructed language based on predicate logic. It was created by the Logical Language Group between 1987 and 1997. Lojban is designed to be spoken by humans, but is also theoretically computer-speakable. The majority of its grammar is borrowed from the first ""logical language,"" Loglan, and some of its features come from Láadan. Most of Lojban's root words derive from the six most widely spoken natural languages, Arabic, Chinese, English, Hindi, Russian, and Spanish. The characteristic regularity, unambiguity, and versatility of Lojban grammar owes much to scientific linguistics and computer programming—resources that were unavailable to the designers of earlier languages. An advantage of Lojban as a speakable language over other languages was summarized as follows: ""Lojban moves beyond the restrictions of European grammar. It overtly incorporates linguistic universals, building in what is needed to support the expressivity of the whole variety of natural languages, including non-European ones.""
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