bachelor of arts in economics
... Classical Economics Classical economics is widely regarded as the first modern school of economic thought. It refers to work done by a group of economists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They developed theories about the way markets and market economies work. The study was primarily con ...
... Classical Economics Classical economics is widely regarded as the first modern school of economic thought. It refers to work done by a group of economists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They developed theories about the way markets and market economies work. The study was primarily con ...
A Review of African Pastoral Production Systems: Approaches to
... costs.2 Returns to size can be said to measure the change in output resulting from a change (not necessarily a proportionate change) in all inputs. If the change in output is less than the change in inputs, diseconomies of size result. If the change in output is equal to or is greater than the chang ...
... costs.2 Returns to size can be said to measure the change in output resulting from a change (not necessarily a proportionate change) in all inputs. If the change in output is less than the change in inputs, diseconomies of size result. If the change in output is equal to or is greater than the chang ...
THE GROUP IN PLURALIST IDEOLOGY AND POLITICS
... Minority groups are currently receiving a great deal of attention from many different sources motivated by a variety of concerns . Scholars of liberal or Marxist theoretical persuasion, political party strategists, state advisers demonstrate, in different forms, a marked interest in minorities . For ...
... Minority groups are currently receiving a great deal of attention from many different sources motivated by a variety of concerns . Scholars of liberal or Marxist theoretical persuasion, political party strategists, state advisers demonstrate, in different forms, a marked interest in minorities . For ...
Reinterpreting the Historicity of the Nordic Model
... in the Nordic vocabulary of social regulation, however, seems to be at odds with this characterization of the Nordic model. Practices of social regulation are conceptualized in a way that does not deny that labor is a commodity and does not even aim to abolish such a state of affairs. The Nordic cou ...
... in the Nordic vocabulary of social regulation, however, seems to be at odds with this characterization of the Nordic model. Practices of social regulation are conceptualized in a way that does not deny that labor is a commodity and does not even aim to abolish such a state of affairs. The Nordic cou ...
Civilizing markets: Carbon trading between in vitro and in
... by industrial companies like BP, or national governments, as in the UK, Norway and Japan. Significantly, all these sites, whether in vivo (universities) or in vitro (firms, nations, trans-national institutions), explicitly refer to one another. Interactions have been and are still organized, with ca ...
... by industrial companies like BP, or national governments, as in the UK, Norway and Japan. Significantly, all these sites, whether in vivo (universities) or in vitro (firms, nations, trans-national institutions), explicitly refer to one another. Interactions have been and are still organized, with ca ...
TRANSNATIONAL MARKETS AND THE POLANYI PROBLEM
... institutions. In other words, economic activity in production and distribution is established as a by-product of social relationships, which are subject to a non-economic rationale. Production and distribution do not follow economic interests shaped by acquisitive motives, but, instead, resemble soc ...
... institutions. In other words, economic activity in production and distribution is established as a by-product of social relationships, which are subject to a non-economic rationale. Production and distribution do not follow economic interests shaped by acquisitive motives, but, instead, resemble soc ...
“Weimar and Labor” as Legacy
... Yet even if these are indeed accidents common to exiles’ styles of thought, these obstacles to the flexible realism that Rubinstein used as a standard are not necessarily obstacles to understanding in all senses. Like caricatures—or utopias—these ways of seeing, especially as they are typically anim ...
... Yet even if these are indeed accidents common to exiles’ styles of thought, these obstacles to the flexible realism that Rubinstein used as a standard are not necessarily obstacles to understanding in all senses. Like caricatures—or utopias—these ways of seeing, especially as they are typically anim ...
The Significance of Race and Class for Political Participation Jane
... of political participation in the United States, focusing especially on race, class, and political participation.” This is at once a simple and complex task. Assessing the current state of research in political science on the significance of race and class for political engagement is the straightfor ...
... of political participation in the United States, focusing especially on race, class, and political participation.” This is at once a simple and complex task. Assessing the current state of research in political science on the significance of race and class for political engagement is the straightfor ...
Contents - Uni Kassel
... Second, the terms ‘post-modern‘ and ‘post-structural‘ do not fit together very well. As a matter of fact, they are often used very differently. While for some these terms are pointing towards the same thing and are simply used identically (Kaplan 1988; Devetak 2001), others emphasis that it is impor ...
... Second, the terms ‘post-modern‘ and ‘post-structural‘ do not fit together very well. As a matter of fact, they are often used very differently. While for some these terms are pointing towards the same thing and are simply used identically (Kaplan 1988; Devetak 2001), others emphasis that it is impor ...
MSC - TeacherWeb
... The government decides to subsidize consumers for tuberculosis vaccinations by issuing discount coupons to parents of school children. Graph the externality including the subsidy. 2. Add the externality - Add in the social ...
... The government decides to subsidize consumers for tuberculosis vaccinations by issuing discount coupons to parents of school children. Graph the externality including the subsidy. 2. Add the externality - Add in the social ...
Is Economic Freedom part of Freedom
... assistance, and society of others in the same Community, as well as protection from its whole strength, he is to part also with as much of his natural liberty in providing for himself, as the good, prosperity, and safety of the Society shall require:, which is not only necessary but just; since the ...
... assistance, and society of others in the same Community, as well as protection from its whole strength, he is to part also with as much of his natural liberty in providing for himself, as the good, prosperity, and safety of the Society shall require:, which is not only necessary but just; since the ...
montesquieu, hegel and weber: from „l‟esprit‟ to „der geist
... of the ancient world and in the Middle Ages (concerning Italy). “Republican government is that in which the people as a body, or only a part of the people, have sovereign power” (MONTESQUIEU, 2013, p. 10). As Durkheim (1997) puts it, Montesquieu characterizes the republic as a type because it only f ...
... of the ancient world and in the Middle Ages (concerning Italy). “Republican government is that in which the people as a body, or only a part of the people, have sovereign power” (MONTESQUIEU, 2013, p. 10). As Durkheim (1997) puts it, Montesquieu characterizes the republic as a type because it only f ...
Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective
... maximize the net present discounted value of their income and discount the future with discount factor, β. Whereas citizens are infinitely lived, an incumbent ruler may be replaced by a new ruler, and from then on receives no utility. There is only one good in this economy, and each agent produces: ...
... maximize the net present discounted value of their income and discount the future with discount factor, β. Whereas citizens are infinitely lived, an incumbent ruler may be replaced by a new ruler, and from then on receives no utility. There is only one good in this economy, and each agent produces: ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
... scientific method (the criterion for empirical verification) is itself normative and value – laden. But the subject – matter of the natural sciences is value – free whereas a behavioural scientist is not and cannot be involved with value – free subject – matter since man never acts in a value free m ...
... scientific method (the criterion for empirical verification) is itself normative and value – laden. But the subject – matter of the natural sciences is value – free whereas a behavioural scientist is not and cannot be involved with value – free subject – matter since man never acts in a value free m ...
Law and Neoliberalism - Duke Law Scholarship Repository
... ARISTOTELIAN SOC’Y, 167, 169 (1956). By using this idea, we intend no claim concerning the possible differences between “essentially contested” and “essentially contestable” concepts, nor the difference between a “concept” and a “conceptualization” (understood as a particular realization of a concep ...
... ARISTOTELIAN SOC’Y, 167, 169 (1956). By using this idea, we intend no claim concerning the possible differences between “essentially contested” and “essentially contestable” concepts, nor the difference between a “concept” and a “conceptualization” (understood as a particular realization of a concep ...
Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology
... technological growth, a concern for the environment and its resources, an unwillingness to accept centralized power structures uncritically, a concern with apparently insoluble problems of famine and impoverishment, with the political transformation of former colonies, and with the changing nature o ...
... technological growth, a concern for the environment and its resources, an unwillingness to accept centralized power structures uncritically, a concern with apparently insoluble problems of famine and impoverishment, with the political transformation of former colonies, and with the changing nature o ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... options were inheritance, dowry, internal past profit, external investment by economically passive investors (aristocrats, churchmen, etc.), and external investment by other Florentine firms. Stock markets did not yet exist, even though government bond markets did, in part because limited liability ...
... options were inheritance, dowry, internal past profit, external investment by economically passive investors (aristocrats, churchmen, etc.), and external investment by other Florentine firms. Stock markets did not yet exist, even though government bond markets did, in part because limited liability ...
Legitimation crisis
... functional imperative of the social system is to maintain the integrity of its underlying value system (L), since this is what makes the system hang together in the broadest sense of the term. Without shared values, agents may not have any motivation for engaging in the relevant social practices at ...
... functional imperative of the social system is to maintain the integrity of its underlying value system (L), since this is what makes the system hang together in the broadest sense of the term. Without shared values, agents may not have any motivation for engaging in the relevant social practices at ...
Journal of Reviews Contemporary Sociology: A
... considered Filipinos to be ‘‘aliens’’ and tried to exclude them, by any means necessary, from social, political, and economic participation. Filipinos responded in creative ways: labor organizing, legal test cases, alliances, and so on. By the 1930s the movement for independence in the Philippines c ...
... considered Filipinos to be ‘‘aliens’’ and tried to exclude them, by any means necessary, from social, political, and economic participation. Filipinos responded in creative ways: labor organizing, legal test cases, alliances, and so on. By the 1930s the movement for independence in the Philippines c ...
Transnational Processes and Social Activism: An Introduction
... Europe, where it takes a more institutionalized form, and outside Europe, where more vigorous forms have developed in recent years, we see it developing out of the more traditional forms that we have outlined above. We can vividly illustrate this development of new forms from old with the example of ...
... Europe, where it takes a more institutionalized form, and outside Europe, where more vigorous forms have developed in recent years, we see it developing out of the more traditional forms that we have outlined above. We can vividly illustrate this development of new forms from old with the example of ...
PDF Available - IPSA Paper room
... Authoritarianism (Linz 2000) and all real political systems to be located somewhere in between according to their gradual differences, including diminished and classical subtypes and hybrids. The main focus of analysis and categorization then is on the (non‐)existence of democratic ...
... Authoritarianism (Linz 2000) and all real political systems to be located somewhere in between according to their gradual differences, including diminished and classical subtypes and hybrids. The main focus of analysis and categorization then is on the (non‐)existence of democratic ...
Matravers comments on Weale
... society, but there is no definition of justice as a virtue or of its scope. Perhaps this is indicative of the fact that the empirical method points to social contracts as ‘local’ events in which different communities facing different circumstances agree on different principles, but even then the wor ...
... society, but there is no definition of justice as a virtue or of its scope. Perhaps this is indicative of the fact that the empirical method points to social contracts as ‘local’ events in which different communities facing different circumstances agree on different principles, but even then the wor ...
The Political Economy of Silvio Gesell
... GESELL'S THEORY OF A FREE ECONOMY based on land and monetary reform may be understood as a reaction to both the laissez-faire principle of classical liberalism as well as the later Marxist visions of a centrally planned economy. It should not be thought of as a third way between capitalism or commun ...
... GESELL'S THEORY OF A FREE ECONOMY based on land and monetary reform may be understood as a reaction to both the laissez-faire principle of classical liberalism as well as the later Marxist visions of a centrally planned economy. It should not be thought of as a third way between capitalism or commun ...
Managing Natural Resources for Human Development in
... Copper Stabilization Fund that had been implemented in 1985. The ESSF is designed in such a way that it increases when the Government runs a fiscal surplus and is drawn down when there is a deficit. During 2009, when the price of world commodities (including copper) fell abruptly, the Chilean Govern ...
... Copper Stabilization Fund that had been implemented in 1985. The ESSF is designed in such a way that it increases when the Government runs a fiscal surplus and is drawn down when there is a deficit. During 2009, when the price of world commodities (including copper) fell abruptly, the Chilean Govern ...
Left-libertarianism
Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) names several related but distinct approaches to political and social theory, which stress both individual freedom and social equality. In its oldest usage, left-libertarianism is a synonym for anti-authoritarian varieties of left-wing politics, either anarchism in general or social anarchism in particular. It later became associated with free-market libertarians when Murray Rothbard and Karl Hess reached out to the New Left in the 1960s. This left-wing market anarchism, which includes Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's mutualism and Samuel Edward Konkin III's agorism, appeals to left-wing concerns such as egalitarianism, gender and sexuality, class, immigration, and environmentalism. Most recently, left-libertarianism refers to mostly non-anarchist political positions associated with Hillel Steiner, Philippe Van Parijs, and Peter Vallentyne that combine self-ownership with an egalitarian approach to natural resources.Some left-libertarians state that neither claiming nor mixing one's labor with natural resources is enough to generate full private property rights, and maintains that natural resources (land, oil, gold, trees) ought to be held in some egalitarian manner, either unowned or owned collectively. Those left-libertarians who support private property do so under the condition that recompense is offered to the local community.