Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... fragmentation and insufficient total sleep time. Only subjects whose sleep duration and quality was sufficient, and who could maintain 20 min of continuous stage 2, stages 3 – 4 of NREM sleep and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep on both acclimatization nights were selected for the third, experimental, ...
... fragmentation and insufficient total sleep time. Only subjects whose sleep duration and quality was sufficient, and who could maintain 20 min of continuous stage 2, stages 3 – 4 of NREM sleep and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep on both acclimatization nights were selected for the third, experimental, ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... view of limb twitching – only now the eyes are watching dreams rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dre ...
... view of limb twitching – only now the eyes are watching dreams rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dre ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
... which began 5 to 10 min after sleep onset [REM sleep deprivation (RSD) group]. We awakened the third group the same number of times, and with the same distribution across the sleep period, but only during non-REM (NREM) sleep [NREM sleep fragmentation (NF) group] (fig. S1B). This is a necessary cont ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... rhythmicity in behavioral state changes. Since the first description of the circadian “clock” (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) gene in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within the brain,14 other clocks in the peripheral organs associated with energy regulation have been recognized that follo ...
... rhythmicity in behavioral state changes. Since the first description of the circadian “clock” (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) gene in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within the brain,14 other clocks in the peripheral organs associated with energy regulation have been recognized that follo ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... many physiologic functions (e.g. body temperature, glucocorticoid secretion) fluctuate in diurnal (circadian) rhythms (≈ 24 hrs duration, i.e. matched to solar day-night cycle). this rhythmical pattern is generated internally (“biological clock”) but is normally synchronized to environmental fac ...
... many physiologic functions (e.g. body temperature, glucocorticoid secretion) fluctuate in diurnal (circadian) rhythms (≈ 24 hrs duration, i.e. matched to solar day-night cycle). this rhythmical pattern is generated internally (“biological clock”) but is normally synchronized to environmental fac ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... during waking hours. The pull of this drive builds up during wakefulness and reaches its peak at sleep time. Its strength declines during sleep with the lowest point (nadir) on awakening in the morning. It also is useful to differentiate sleepiness from tiredness or fatigue. A tired or fatigued indi ...
... during waking hours. The pull of this drive builds up during wakefulness and reaches its peak at sleep time. Its strength declines during sleep with the lowest point (nadir) on awakening in the morning. It also is useful to differentiate sleepiness from tiredness or fatigue. A tired or fatigued indi ...
Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep and Waking
... Because we spend about one-third of our lives sleeping, sleep disorders can have a significant impact on our quality of life. They can also affect the way we feel while we are awake. Insomnia is a problem that is said to affect approximately 25 percent of the population occasionally and 9 percent re ...
... Because we spend about one-third of our lives sleeping, sleep disorders can have a significant impact on our quality of life. They can also affect the way we feel while we are awake. Insomnia is a problem that is said to affect approximately 25 percent of the population occasionally and 9 percent re ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... the alternative state. This flip-flop circuit model might explain why wake–sleep transitions are often relatively abrupt (one ‘falls’ asleep and suddenly wakens), and both humans and animals spend only a small part of each day (typically 1–2%) in transitional states (Fig. 4). There are obvious adap ...
... the alternative state. This flip-flop circuit model might explain why wake–sleep transitions are often relatively abrupt (one ‘falls’ asleep and suddenly wakens), and both humans and animals spend only a small part of each day (typically 1–2%) in transitional states (Fig. 4). There are obvious adap ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms - University of South Alabama
... • A hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; plays a role in circadian and seasonal rhythms. ...
... • A hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; plays a role in circadian and seasonal rhythms. ...
Low Quality
... evolved, as described in the article “The why of sleep.” Extreme fatigue is the closest humans ever come to sleep while still aware enough to ponder its mysteries. At those times, sleep pulls hard, like a current sweeping up a tired mind, carrying consciousness away. How the brain controls this tran ...
... evolved, as described in the article “The why of sleep.” Extreme fatigue is the closest humans ever come to sleep while still aware enough to ponder its mysteries. At those times, sleep pulls hard, like a current sweeping up a tired mind, carrying consciousness away. How the brain controls this tran ...
Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement
... behaviour disorder develop neurodegenerative disorders within 10–15 years after symptom onset. The disorder is reported in 45– 60% of all narcoleptic patients. Whether rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is also a predictor for neurodegeneration in narcolepsy is not known. Although the patho ...
... behaviour disorder develop neurodegenerative disorders within 10–15 years after symptom onset. The disorder is reported in 45– 60% of all narcoleptic patients. Whether rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is also a predictor for neurodegeneration in narcolepsy is not known. Although the patho ...
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... were lesioned and the rats had sleep fragmentation, excessive sleepiness, increase in REM sleep, and sleep onset REM sleep periods (SOREMPs), symptoms which are characteristic of narcolepsy in humans, dogs and hypocretin null mice. The hypersomnia and SOREMPs were negatively correlated with the loss ...
... were lesioned and the rats had sleep fragmentation, excessive sleepiness, increase in REM sleep, and sleep onset REM sleep periods (SOREMPs), symptoms which are characteristic of narcolepsy in humans, dogs and hypocretin null mice. The hypersomnia and SOREMPs were negatively correlated with the loss ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... Giuditta, A. (2014). Sleep memory processing: the sequential hypothesis. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8(December), 1–8. ...
... Giuditta, A. (2014). Sleep memory processing: the sequential hypothesis. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8(December), 1–8. ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... Dreams, or Conscious Experiences during different stages of sleep ...
... Dreams, or Conscious Experiences during different stages of sleep ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... AHI (a measure used in standard definitions of OSA and by Medicare to determine CPAP eligibility) and # of arousals were not associated with any of the lesions whereas O2 saturation level was associated with microinfarcts, the major lesion of vascular dementia ...
... AHI (a measure used in standard definitions of OSA and by Medicare to determine CPAP eligibility) and # of arousals were not associated with any of the lesions whereas O2 saturation level was associated with microinfarcts, the major lesion of vascular dementia ...
Neurophysiology of sleep-wake states in relation to consciousness
... some kind of perception and consciousness, is involved in processing of ‘internal’ information. In line with this, rapid eye movement sleep has higher correlation dimensions than slow wave sleep. It is assumed that the ‘near-the-threshold’ depolarized state of neurons in thalamus and cerebral cortex ...
... some kind of perception and consciousness, is involved in processing of ‘internal’ information. In line with this, rapid eye movement sleep has higher correlation dimensions than slow wave sleep. It is assumed that the ‘near-the-threshold’ depolarized state of neurons in thalamus and cerebral cortex ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... Data, supporting the suggestion that auditory information processing continued while persons were asleep, were also obtained by Kállai, Harsh, & Voss (2003). These authors found attention enhancing mechanisms in sleep. The large amplitude N350 component, regarded as an obvious and reliable indicator ...
... Data, supporting the suggestion that auditory information processing continued while persons were asleep, were also obtained by Kállai, Harsh, & Voss (2003). These authors found attention enhancing mechanisms in sleep. The large amplitude N350 component, regarded as an obvious and reliable indicator ...
EEG & Sleep
... • Grand mal epilepsy is characterized by extreme neuronal discharges in all areas of the brain cerebral cortex, deep parts of cerebrum, and brain stem. • Discharges transmitted into the spinal cord sometimes cause generalized tonic seizures of the entire body, followed by alternating tonic and spa ...
... • Grand mal epilepsy is characterized by extreme neuronal discharges in all areas of the brain cerebral cortex, deep parts of cerebrum, and brain stem. • Discharges transmitted into the spinal cord sometimes cause generalized tonic seizures of the entire body, followed by alternating tonic and spa ...
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of sleep
... • Many physiological changes do occur during sleep. • Though we know the functions of some physiological changes, there are many that we still do not know. • Present polysomnographic assessment is helpful in clinical situations and in healthy subjects. • But we are still far from adequate assessment ...
... • Many physiological changes do occur during sleep. • Though we know the functions of some physiological changes, there are many that we still do not know. • Present polysomnographic assessment is helpful in clinical situations and in healthy subjects. • But we are still far from adequate assessment ...
Chapter 9b final
... circadian rhythms controlled by the SCN. • E.g., Shift Work and Jet Lag This desynchronization produces sleep disturbances and mood changes, disrupts functioning during normal waking hours. People adapt more rapidly if artificial light is kept bright in the workplace and if the bedroom is kept dark ...
... circadian rhythms controlled by the SCN. • E.g., Shift Work and Jet Lag This desynchronization produces sleep disturbances and mood changes, disrupts functioning during normal waking hours. People adapt more rapidly if artificial light is kept bright in the workplace and if the bedroom is kept dark ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms • Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by the inability to breathe while sleeping for a prolonged period of time. • Consequences include sleepiness during the day, impaired attention, depression, and sometimes heart problems. • Cognitive impairment may ...
... Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms • Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by the inability to breathe while sleeping for a prolonged period of time. • Consequences include sleepiness during the day, impaired attention, depression, and sometimes heart problems. • Cognitive impairment may ...
Delayed sleep phase disorder
Delayed sleep-phase disorder (DSPD), also known as delayed sleep-phase syndrome (DSPS) or delayed sleep-phase type (DSPT), and in the 2014 revision of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ISCD-3), delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, is a dysregulation of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock), compared to the general population and relative to societal norms. The disorder affects the timing of sleep, peak period of alertness, the core body temperature rhythm, hormonal and other daily cycles. People with DSPD generally fall asleep some hours after midnight and have difficulty waking up in the morning. They probably have a circadian period significantly longer than 24 hours.Affected people often report that while they do not get to sleep until the early morning, they do fall asleep around the same time every day. Unless they have another sleep disorder such as sleep apnea in addition to DSPD, patients can sleep well and have a normal need for sleep. However, they find it very difficult to wake up in time for a typical school or work day. If they are allowed to follow their own schedules, e.g. sleeping from 3:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon, their sleep is improved and they may not experience excessive daytime sleepiness. Attempting to force oneself onto daytime society's schedule with DSPD has been compared to constantly living with jet lag; DSPD has, in fact, been referred to as ""social jet lag"".The syndrome usually develops in early childhood or adolescence. An adolescent version may disappear in late adolescence or early adulthood; otherwise DSPD is a lifelong condition. Depending on the severity, the symptoms can be managed to a greater or lesser degree, but there is no known cure. Prevalence among adults, equally distributed among women and men, is approximately 0.15%, or 3 in 2,000. Prevalence among adolescents is as much as 7–16%.DSPD is also genetically linked to ADHD by findings of polymorphism in genes in common between those apparently involved in ADHD and those involved in the circadian rhythm and a high proportion of DSPD among those with ADHD.DSPD was first formally described in 1981 by Elliot D. Weitzman and others at Montefiore Medical Center. It is responsible for 7–10% of patient complaints of chronic insomnia. However, since many doctors are unfamiliar with the condition, it often goes untreated or is treated inappropriately; DSPD is often misdiagnosed as primary insomnia or as a psychiatric condition. DSPD can be treated or helped in some cases by careful daily sleep practices, light therapy, dark therapy, and medications such as melatonin and modafinil (Provigil); the former is a natural neurohormone responsible partly and in tiny amounts for the human body clock. At its most severe and inflexible, DSPD is a disability. A chief difficulty of treating DSPD is in maintaining an earlier schedule after it has been established, as the patient's body has a strong tendency to reset the sleeping schedule to its intrinsic late times. People with DSPD may improve their quality of life by choosing careers that allow late sleeping times, rather than forcing themselves to follow a conventional 9-to-5 work schedule.