Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... EEG activity and high muscle tone, whereas the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is defined by high-amplitude low-frequency EEG and decreased muscle tone, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is characterized by low-voltage fast EEG activity accompanied by complete loss of muscle tone.5 These assess ...
... EEG activity and high muscle tone, whereas the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is defined by high-amplitude low-frequency EEG and decreased muscle tone, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is characterized by low-voltage fast EEG activity accompanied by complete loss of muscle tone.5 These assess ...
Author`s personal copy - Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab
... orientation (vertical or horizontal) of an array of diagonal bars that is embedded in one visual quadrant against a background of exclusively horizontal bars (Fig. 2). At the center of the screen is the fixation target, which is either the letter T or the letter L. This target screen is succeeded fi ...
... orientation (vertical or horizontal) of an array of diagonal bars that is embedded in one visual quadrant against a background of exclusively horizontal bars (Fig. 2). At the center of the screen is the fixation target, which is either the letter T or the letter L. This target screen is succeeded fi ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... whose axons project through the medial leminiscus are regulated only during the rapid eye movement (REM) portions of active sleep.14,15 We recently reported that sciatic nerve evoked field potentials recorded from fibers comprising the SRT and spinothalamic tracts (STT) are reduced throughout the st ...
... whose axons project through the medial leminiscus are regulated only during the rapid eye movement (REM) portions of active sleep.14,15 We recently reported that sciatic nerve evoked field potentials recorded from fibers comprising the SRT and spinothalamic tracts (STT) are reduced throughout the st ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... patients. During sleep, the glucose consumption by brain is very similar to that in wakefulness, even though the neuronal energetic demand is low. We have envisaged an involvement of myelin sheath. Imagine that myelin sheath acts as a proton (H+) buffer capacitor, thank to the abundance of myelin ba ...
... patients. During sleep, the glucose consumption by brain is very similar to that in wakefulness, even though the neuronal energetic demand is low. We have envisaged an involvement of myelin sheath. Imagine that myelin sheath acts as a proton (H+) buffer capacitor, thank to the abundance of myelin ba ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... increased sleep (sleep rebound) after sleep deprivation. During NREM sleep recovery, delta power decreases exponentially with time, tracking the dissipation of the behavioral sleep debt. REM sleep is also homeostatically regulated. has been proposed [1,19,23]: rapid reversibility (as opposed to hibe ...
... increased sleep (sleep rebound) after sleep deprivation. During NREM sleep recovery, delta power decreases exponentially with time, tracking the dissipation of the behavioral sleep debt. REM sleep is also homeostatically regulated. has been proposed [1,19,23]: rapid reversibility (as opposed to hibe ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general, have not been found to alter their rates of firing across sleep and wakefulness.79-82 Nevertheless, extracellular lev ...
... arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general, have not been found to alter their rates of firing across sleep and wakefulness.79-82 Nevertheless, extracellular lev ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... integrated corticothalamic circuits and modulatory structures. Changes in delta sleep found in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, therefore, may result from functional changes at one or more levels including the cortex, thalamus, and modulatory structures. ...
... integrated corticothalamic circuits and modulatory structures. Changes in delta sleep found in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, therefore, may result from functional changes at one or more levels including the cortex, thalamus, and modulatory structures. ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... consistently associated with major risk for obesity. For example, 50%–98% of people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of upper-airway obstruction that lead to intermittent hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia and sleep fragmentation, are morbidly obese.19,23 ...
... consistently associated with major risk for obesity. For example, 50%–98% of people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of upper-airway obstruction that lead to intermittent hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia and sleep fragmentation, are morbidly obese.19,23 ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... VLPO region causes GABAA receptor-mediated hyperpolarization and inhibition of TMN neurons in brain slices. These results suggest that the VLPO may play an important role in promoting sleep. The preoptic area, however, is also involved in thermoregulation, and alterations in body temperature can aff ...
... VLPO region causes GABAA receptor-mediated hyperpolarization and inhibition of TMN neurons in brain slices. These results suggest that the VLPO may play an important role in promoting sleep. The preoptic area, however, is also involved in thermoregulation, and alterations in body temperature can aff ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... task performance is suggestive of additional experiments involving selective manipulations of spindle activity to further support an active role of spindles in memory formation. Enhanced spindle activity during non-REM sleep induced by transcranial alternating current stimulations in humans leads to ...
... task performance is suggestive of additional experiments involving selective manipulations of spindle activity to further support an active role of spindles in memory formation. Enhanced spindle activity during non-REM sleep induced by transcranial alternating current stimulations in humans leads to ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlates of rhythms that characterize NREM sleep, the presence of waking values of delta power is likely to obscure the interpretation of the results. Therefore, in our second analysis, data obtained during wakefulness were discarded from the s ...
... and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlates of rhythms that characterize NREM sleep, the presence of waking values of delta power is likely to obscure the interpretation of the results. Therefore, in our second analysis, data obtained during wakefulness were discarded from the s ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... new vocabulary words was stabilized when subjects slept within 3 h of learning them, but impaired when sleep was delayed for several hours (Gais et al., 2006). A second example is contextual fear conditioning in rodents, which is impaired when animals are sleep deprived over the first 5 h following a ...
... new vocabulary words was stabilized when subjects slept within 3 h of learning them, but impaired when sleep was delayed for several hours (Gais et al., 2006). A second example is contextual fear conditioning in rodents, which is impaired when animals are sleep deprived over the first 5 h following a ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... sleep is also a matter of intense investigations with no consensus in sight in near future. The altricial mammals (those born immature, e.g., rat, cat, human) have much higher amounts of REM sleep at birth and during the early years of development as compared to that present during adult stages28. I ...
... sleep is also a matter of intense investigations with no consensus in sight in near future. The altricial mammals (those born immature, e.g., rat, cat, human) have much higher amounts of REM sleep at birth and during the early years of development as compared to that present during adult stages28. I ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Merica). ...
... E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Merica). ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
Mammalian Sleep
... results in other reptilian species. Pending such evidence, these data suggest that REM sleep may not have existed in reptilian species but may have evolved rapidly with endothermy. A striking finding of the study in turtles was that most brainstem neuronal activity in the observed portions of the mi ...
... results in other reptilian species. Pending such evidence, these data suggest that REM sleep may not have existed in reptilian species but may have evolved rapidly with endothermy. A striking finding of the study in turtles was that most brainstem neuronal activity in the observed portions of the mi ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep: sleep stage characterized by an electric activity resembling wakefulness (low amplitude EEG, theta activity (4-7Hz)) coupled with postural muscle atonia and rapid eye movements. Dreams usually occur during REM sleep (Nir and Tononi 2010), which is predominant late at ...
... Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep: sleep stage characterized by an electric activity resembling wakefulness (low amplitude EEG, theta activity (4-7Hz)) coupled with postural muscle atonia and rapid eye movements. Dreams usually occur during REM sleep (Nir and Tononi 2010), which is predominant late at ...
Respiratory Physiology during Sleep
... more tightly regulated ventilatory control associated with wakefulness. • Arousal thresholds for hypercapnia range between 65 and 66 mmHg and do not vary consistently among the different sleep stages. • The threshold for arousal in response to hypoxia is more variable and seems less reliable. Severe ...
... more tightly regulated ventilatory control associated with wakefulness. • Arousal thresholds for hypercapnia range between 65 and 66 mmHg and do not vary consistently among the different sleep stages. • The threshold for arousal in response to hypoxia is more variable and seems less reliable. Severe ...
The Adenosine Story Goes Ionic: CaV2.1
... of a functionally responsive Ca2+ channel with preserved expression levels, but compromised primarily in G-protein-mediated inhibition.22 The hypothesis to be tested by Deboer et al.7 was clear: if CaV2.1 channels mediate some of adenosinergic actions on sleep, then these animals should show attenua ...
... of a functionally responsive Ca2+ channel with preserved expression levels, but compromised primarily in G-protein-mediated inhibition.22 The hypothesis to be tested by Deboer et al.7 was clear: if CaV2.1 channels mediate some of adenosinergic actions on sleep, then these animals should show attenua ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that rapid stimulation (50-200/sec) of the brainstem produced activation of the EEG (low voltage ...
... observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that rapid stimulation (50-200/sec) of the brainstem produced activation of the EEG (low voltage ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... flip-flop switch, like a ‘finger’ on the switch that might prevent unwanted transitions into sleep. The increase in homeostatic sleep drive due to consolidated wakefulness might, in turn, help produce consolidated sleep. Narcoleptic people and animals lack this influence and behave as if their sleep ...
... flip-flop switch, like a ‘finger’ on the switch that might prevent unwanted transitions into sleep. The increase in homeostatic sleep drive due to consolidated wakefulness might, in turn, help produce consolidated sleep. Narcoleptic people and animals lack this influence and behave as if their sleep ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... and greater than 50% of EEG activity during stage 4 of sleep. Slow-wave sleep is associated with a higher arousal threshold than “lighter” stages of NREM sleep. No eye movements are detected on the EOG during stages 2, 3, and 4 of NREM sleep. The EMG tracks continued muscle tone decline as NREM slee ...
... and greater than 50% of EEG activity during stage 4 of sleep. Slow-wave sleep is associated with a higher arousal threshold than “lighter” stages of NREM sleep. No eye movements are detected on the EOG during stages 2, 3, and 4 of NREM sleep. The EMG tracks continued muscle tone decline as NREM slee ...
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus
... detailed investigation. Explicit encoding involves a network of brain structures fundamentally relying on coordinated activation of prefrontal cortical and hippocampal circuitry [30–32]. We hypothesize that only activation of this prefrontal–hippocampal circuitry during encoding enables access of a ...
... detailed investigation. Explicit encoding involves a network of brain structures fundamentally relying on coordinated activation of prefrontal cortical and hippocampal circuitry [30–32]. We hypothesize that only activation of this prefrontal–hippocampal circuitry during encoding enables access of a ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
... REM sleep control and especially to the peptide hypocretin. Finally, I speculate about the functions of REM sleep. REM sleep was discovered by Aserinsky and Kleitman in 1953. 1 They found that it was characterized by the periodic recurrence of rapid eye movements, linked to a dramatic reduction in t ...
... REM sleep control and especially to the peptide hypocretin. Finally, I speculate about the functions of REM sleep. REM sleep was discovered by Aserinsky and Kleitman in 1953. 1 They found that it was characterized by the periodic recurrence of rapid eye movements, linked to a dramatic reduction in t ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...