Is It All Relative?
... rejects relativism in its individual and cultural forms. ► Cultural relativism, the Diversity Thesis, and the Dependency Thesis ► Subjectivism leads to absurdities. ...
... rejects relativism in its individual and cultural forms. ► Cultural relativism, the Diversity Thesis, and the Dependency Thesis ► Subjectivism leads to absurdities. ...
Kant and the Moral Will
... Ms. Practical: When I have an exam and don’t feel like studying, I shall cheat. Consider the general maxim of Ms. Practical’s action: General Form: Whenever one has an exam and doesn't feel like studying, they shall copy their neighbor's work. Presumably we could not all act on this maxim, for if we ...
... Ms. Practical: When I have an exam and don’t feel like studying, I shall cheat. Consider the general maxim of Ms. Practical’s action: General Form: Whenever one has an exam and doesn't feel like studying, they shall copy their neighbor's work. Presumably we could not all act on this maxim, for if we ...
ethical reasoning
... Some claim that while the moral practices of societies may differ, the fundamental moral principles underlying these practices do not. EXAMPLE In some societies, killing one's parents after they reach a certain age is common practice, stemming from the belief that people are better off in the after ...
... Some claim that while the moral practices of societies may differ, the fundamental moral principles underlying these practices do not. EXAMPLE In some societies, killing one's parents after they reach a certain age is common practice, stemming from the belief that people are better off in the after ...
Chapter One: Why Be Ethical?
... the highest form of happiness is rational behaviour Central issue was question of character or personality What does it take for an individual human to be a good person? Since good is finite, there must be a highest good at which all human activity ultimately aims. This end could be called h ...
... the highest form of happiness is rational behaviour Central issue was question of character or personality What does it take for an individual human to be a good person? Since good is finite, there must be a highest good at which all human activity ultimately aims. This end could be called h ...
CHAPTER 4
... available alternatives seems ethically acceptable they exist because real world decisions are complex, difficult to frame, and involve various consequences that are difficult to quantify ...
... available alternatives seems ethically acceptable they exist because real world decisions are complex, difficult to frame, and involve various consequences that are difficult to quantify ...
Moral Problems
... 3. Religious ethics makes it difficult for non-religious people, or people of a different religion, to be ethical. ...
... 3. Religious ethics makes it difficult for non-religious people, or people of a different religion, to be ethical. ...
Ethics 160
... • Note that in order to be used in an argument, language has to be of a sort that is truth-evaluable, that is, that can be true or false. Premises are judged on the basis of whether they are true or false, and arguments are put together so that true premises related in the proper way will generate a ...
... • Note that in order to be used in an argument, language has to be of a sort that is truth-evaluable, that is, that can be true or false. Premises are judged on the basis of whether they are true or false, and arguments are put together so that true premises related in the proper way will generate a ...
EECS 690
... to do. It is easy to see why this might be important, but does a system need affective or conative states of its own to make moral decisions? ...
... to do. It is easy to see why this might be important, but does a system need affective or conative states of its own to make moral decisions? ...
Are There Objective Values and Ethics?
... Self-Contradictory: Claims that all have an ethical obligation to accept relativism. ...
... Self-Contradictory: Claims that all have an ethical obligation to accept relativism. ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... behaviour of the atheist as to that of the saint. Religion can set high ethical standards and can provide intense motivation for ethical behaviour. Ethics, however, cannot be confined to religion nor is it the same as religion. Being ethical is also not the same as following the law. The law often i ...
... behaviour of the atheist as to that of the saint. Religion can set high ethical standards and can provide intense motivation for ethical behaviour. Ethics, however, cannot be confined to religion nor is it the same as religion. Being ethical is also not the same as following the law. The law often i ...
Ethical Egoism
... Argument for Ethical Egoism #3: E.E. is Compatible with Commonsense Morality “Do unto others” because if we do, others will be more likely to “do unto us.” ...
... Argument for Ethical Egoism #3: E.E. is Compatible with Commonsense Morality “Do unto others” because if we do, others will be more likely to “do unto us.” ...
Milestone Education Review
... morality which is in keeping with a well-established custom, and that action which violates it, is considered as morally undesirable. The Level of Reflective Morality: In this stage, conscience guides human beings in moral matters; their moral judgments of right and wrong, good and bad depend on con ...
... morality which is in keeping with a well-established custom, and that action which violates it, is considered as morally undesirable. The Level of Reflective Morality: In this stage, conscience guides human beings in moral matters; their moral judgments of right and wrong, good and bad depend on con ...
A Framework For Thinking Ethically
... action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected. Each person has a fundamental right to be respected and treated as a free and equal rational person capable of making his or ...
... action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected. Each person has a fundamental right to be respected and treated as a free and equal rational person capable of making his or ...
Psychological Egoism - K
... The counter argument is not conclusive, since there are other possible sources for our own pleasure at beneficent acts than some prior concern with others. For example, we might enjoy the benefits of praise and the good-regard of others if we act heroically, or we might desire the gratitude of othe ...
... The counter argument is not conclusive, since there are other possible sources for our own pleasure at beneficent acts than some prior concern with others. For example, we might enjoy the benefits of praise and the good-regard of others if we act heroically, or we might desire the gratitude of othe ...
Making Ethical Decis.. - Personal web pages for people of Metropolia
... • In this lecture we have: Discussed the stages of ethical decisionmaking in business Outlined individual and situational influences on ethical decision-making ...
... • In this lecture we have: Discussed the stages of ethical decisionmaking in business Outlined individual and situational influences on ethical decision-making ...
Activity Series 3: Applying Principles of Cross
... concerned with beliefs about how a moral person should behave – and cultures define “moral” differently. Different people have different views about how they and others should behave. These beliefs are based in their own values which may be influenced by their culture. When groups (especially multic ...
... concerned with beliefs about how a moral person should behave – and cultures define “moral” differently. Different people have different views about how they and others should behave. These beliefs are based in their own values which may be influenced by their culture. When groups (especially multic ...
Preview Sample 1
... utilitarianism, then the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number will agree that the secrecy and candor guaranteed by the rules of diplomacy are essential, and releasing the documents is unethical. If the learner applies rational ethics then the secrecy involved in international relat ...
... utilitarianism, then the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number will agree that the secrecy and candor guaranteed by the rules of diplomacy are essential, and releasing the documents is unethical. If the learner applies rational ethics then the secrecy involved in international relat ...
Ian Horkan ERH-207W Mr. Morgan Word Count: 1641 The Injustice
... be an act of duty. In this example the person making the decision is not acting out of strictly moral principles, but rather out of one that says how can I do the most good. Kant’s philosophy does not necessarily care about the ends of an action, only the means by which the action was taken. Examini ...
... be an act of duty. In this example the person making the decision is not acting out of strictly moral principles, but rather out of one that says how can I do the most good. Kant’s philosophy does not necessarily care about the ends of an action, only the means by which the action was taken. Examini ...
Powerpoint - John Provost
... clues to how to make important decisions, but they also both leave problems. What we really need is an ethics that incorporates both views, which is, in fact, what most of us do, whether we know it or not. ...
... clues to how to make important decisions, but they also both leave problems. What we really need is an ethics that incorporates both views, which is, in fact, what most of us do, whether we know it or not. ...
Lecture 5: Consequential and Deontological Ethics:
... assumes the predisposition that one wishes to be rational and will follow what rationally determined duty dictates (in contrast to hypothetical imperatives which means that the consequent depends upon the antecedent: If p, then q). Thus, morality is a function of human reason. Human reason is govern ...
... assumes the predisposition that one wishes to be rational and will follow what rationally determined duty dictates (in contrast to hypothetical imperatives which means that the consequent depends upon the antecedent: If p, then q). Thus, morality is a function of human reason. Human reason is govern ...
Consequentialism
Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right act (or omission from acting) is one that will produce a good outcome, or consequence. In an extreme form, the idea of consequentialism is commonly encapsulated in the English saying, ""the ends justify the means"", meaning that if a goal is morally important enough, any method of achieving it is acceptable.Consequentialism is usually contrasted with deontological ethics (or deontology), in that deontology, in which rules and moral duty are central, derives the rightness or wrongness of one's conduct from the character of the behaviour itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. It is also contrasted with virtue ethics, which focuses on the character of the agent rather than on the nature or consequences of the act (or omission) itself, and pragmatic ethics which treats morality like science: advancing socially over the course of many lifetimes, such that any moral criterion is subject to revision. Consequentialist theories differ in how they define moral goods.Some argue that consequentialist and deontological theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, T. M. Scanlon advances the idea that human rights, which are commonly considered a ""deontological"" concept, can only be justified with reference to the consequences of having those rights. Similarly, Robert Nozick argues for a theory that is mostly consequentialist, but incorporates inviolable ""side-constraints"" which restrict the sort of actions agents are permitted to do.