How Cooling Towers Function
... Most industrial production processes need cooling water to operate efficiently and safely. Refineries, steel mills, petrochemical manufacturing plants, electric utilities and paper mills all rely heavily on equipment or processes that require efficient temperature control. Cooling water systems cont ...
... Most industrial production processes need cooling water to operate efficiently and safely. Refineries, steel mills, petrochemical manufacturing plants, electric utilities and paper mills all rely heavily on equipment or processes that require efficient temperature control. Cooling water systems cont ...
Word Document
... temperature must never exceed a specified maximum permissible value for each component. For semiconductors, instantaneous junction temperature, rather than component case, heat sink, or ambient temperature is critical. ...
... temperature must never exceed a specified maximum permissible value for each component. For semiconductors, instantaneous junction temperature, rather than component case, heat sink, or ambient temperature is critical. ...
Convective heat transfer for fluids passing through
... is confirmed by clear deflections of the friction factor values from a straight line profile for Ref > 150. It is noticeable at the same time that the slope of the curve for changes in the friction factor is much higher below Re ≈ 1300 than for Ref > 1300. One may assume that the flow follows the Fo ...
... is confirmed by clear deflections of the friction factor values from a straight line profile for Ref > 150. It is noticeable at the same time that the slope of the curve for changes in the friction factor is much higher below Re ≈ 1300 than for Ref > 1300. One may assume that the flow follows the Fo ...
1208-TOFE-Rader-HEMJ - Advanced Energy Technology
... which the actual He-cooled divertor is to be operated. The electrically heated test section was constructed from a brass alloy with nearly the same thermal conductivity as the tungsten alloy from which the prototypical HEMJ is to be constructed. More recently, another experimental investigation was ...
... which the actual He-cooled divertor is to be operated. The electrically heated test section was constructed from a brass alloy with nearly the same thermal conductivity as the tungsten alloy from which the prototypical HEMJ is to be constructed. More recently, another experimental investigation was ...
resume - Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical
... surface of the part will be subjected to cooling by immersion rapidly into a fluid, normally by either water or specially formulated oil. The main purpose of quenching is to produce the martensitic phase; however steels still need to be tempered after quenching to reduce the residual stresses withou ...
... surface of the part will be subjected to cooling by immersion rapidly into a fluid, normally by either water or specially formulated oil. The main purpose of quenching is to produce the martensitic phase; however steels still need to be tempered after quenching to reduce the residual stresses withou ...
in-situ water uptake rate measurement of aqsoa
... A waste heat-driven ACS uses an adsorbate, such as water or methanol, which is adsorbed and desorbed from the surface of an adsorbent, such as zeolite, silica gel, or activated carbon. Most of these materials are non-toxic, non-corrosive, and inexpensive [4] making ACS a safe and environmentally fri ...
... A waste heat-driven ACS uses an adsorbate, such as water or methanol, which is adsorbed and desorbed from the surface of an adsorbent, such as zeolite, silica gel, or activated carbon. Most of these materials are non-toxic, non-corrosive, and inexpensive [4] making ACS a safe and environmentally fri ...
Advanced Cooling for Power Electronics
... Figure 9 shows an air cooled heat sink that uses a loop thermosiphon to transport heat away from the immediate space around the power electronics package. An evaporator is provided with a flat surface where the power module is mounted and an enhanced boiling surface on the inside to enhance heat flu ...
... Figure 9 shows an air cooled heat sink that uses a loop thermosiphon to transport heat away from the immediate space around the power electronics package. An evaporator is provided with a flat surface where the power module is mounted and an enhanced boiling surface on the inside to enhance heat flu ...
Effect of Temperature on Heat Transfer Coefficient of Titanium
... of TiO2 nanofluid at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. At 30oC, the maximum enhancement of 9.72% for 1.5% volume concentration was observed. Enhancements of 22.75% and 28.92% were found at 50oC and 70oC, respectively under similar nanofluid concentrations. The nanofluid performance was significantly influenced b ...
... of TiO2 nanofluid at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. At 30oC, the maximum enhancement of 9.72% for 1.5% volume concentration was observed. Enhancements of 22.75% and 28.92% were found at 50oC and 70oC, respectively under similar nanofluid concentrations. The nanofluid performance was significantly influenced b ...
Heat Transfer Through a Porous Medium
... This provides a good estimate so long as ks and kf are not too different from each other (Nield 1991b). More complicated correlation formulas for the conductivity of packed beds have been proposed. Experiments by Prasad et al. (1989b) showed that these formulas gave reasonably good results provided ...
... This provides a good estimate so long as ks and kf are not too different from each other (Nield 1991b). More complicated correlation formulas for the conductivity of packed beds have been proposed. Experiments by Prasad et al. (1989b) showed that these formulas gave reasonably good results provided ...
Applied Thermodynamics
... approximation, such as processes in cylinders with reciprocating piston. The working fluid is always in an equilibrium state in internally reversible process. But the surroundings undergo a state change that can never be restored. Some processes may not be assumed internally reversible, such as proc ...
... approximation, such as processes in cylinders with reciprocating piston. The working fluid is always in an equilibrium state in internally reversible process. But the surroundings undergo a state change that can never be restored. Some processes may not be assumed internally reversible, such as proc ...
Coupled thermal-structural modeling
... • The element has a ability to conduct heat and transmit fluid between its two primary nodes • The solid copper body was connected to the fluid elements via convection surface elements • If the pressure is a degree of freedom the element is always nonlinear ! Convec is named component of nodes on co ...
... • The element has a ability to conduct heat and transmit fluid between its two primary nodes • The solid copper body was connected to the fluid elements via convection surface elements • If the pressure is a degree of freedom the element is always nonlinear ! Convec is named component of nodes on co ...
Adding electric conduction and Joule heating to chtMultiRegionFoam
... “wire”: the top left corner in figure, this is the filler material also acting as an electrode. The wirefeed from the top and melting off at the bottom is modelled by prescribing an internal velocity value corresponding to the wirefeed rate in the vertical direction. “nozzle”: a cover containing the ...
... “wire”: the top left corner in figure, this is the filler material also acting as an electrode. The wirefeed from the top and melting off at the bottom is modelled by prescribing an internal velocity value corresponding to the wirefeed rate in the vertical direction. “nozzle”: a cover containing the ...
Blanket Concepts and Issues Mohamed Abdou
... Pb-17Li exit temperature can be significantly higher than the operating temperature of the steel structure High Efficiency ...
... Pb-17Li exit temperature can be significantly higher than the operating temperature of the steel structure High Efficiency ...
Methods of Increasing Net Work Output of Organic - Purdue e-Pubs
... heat as possible into work. An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is particularly well-suited to waste heat recovery because of its compactness relative to a steam Rankine cycle at typical waste heat temperatures. For a single-phase (sensible) waste heat stream with a finite capacity, maximization of therm ...
... heat as possible into work. An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is particularly well-suited to waste heat recovery because of its compactness relative to a steam Rankine cycle at typical waste heat temperatures. For a single-phase (sensible) waste heat stream with a finite capacity, maximization of therm ...
a study on the behavior of steam condensation in u
... The coolant temperature was maintained as 40 ºC by changing water through water supply and exit, and steam pressure and flow rate was changed by the opening of needle valve at outlet, V6. The profiles of steam flow rate and pressure were also depicted in Figure-8, as well as temperature profiles of ...
... The coolant temperature was maintained as 40 ºC by changing water through water supply and exit, and steam pressure and flow rate was changed by the opening of needle valve at outlet, V6. The profiles of steam flow rate and pressure were also depicted in Figure-8, as well as temperature profiles of ...
Oil Quenching Systems Rev 3
... The mechanism of cooling a gear in liquid is largely dependent on geometry for a given material that dictates the requirements of the quench system. Traditionally we talk about three distinct stages of cooling (Fig. 1). Stage A is called the “vapor blanket” (or “film boiling”) stage. It is character ...
... The mechanism of cooling a gear in liquid is largely dependent on geometry for a given material that dictates the requirements of the quench system. Traditionally we talk about three distinct stages of cooling (Fig. 1). Stage A is called the “vapor blanket” (or “film boiling”) stage. It is character ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Note that this integral represents the classical increase of the fluid internal energy per unit mass when its pressure and temperature vary from p,, , To to p, T. Hence t may be interpreted as the increase of specific enthalpy of the fluid when the pressure and temperature vary from p,, , T,, to p, ...
... Note that this integral represents the classical increase of the fluid internal energy per unit mass when its pressure and temperature vary from p,, , To to p, T. Hence t may be interpreted as the increase of specific enthalpy of the fluid when the pressure and temperature vary from p,, , T,, to p, ...
Effect of Nanoconvection due to Brownian Motion on
... conducting heat compared to metals. Therefore the use of solid particles as an additive suspended into the base fluid is a technique for increasing the heat transfer rate. Enhancment of the thermal conductivity is the main idea for improving the heat transfer characteristics of ordinary fluids [1]. ...
... conducting heat compared to metals. Therefore the use of solid particles as an additive suspended into the base fluid is a technique for increasing the heat transfer rate. Enhancment of the thermal conductivity is the main idea for improving the heat transfer characteristics of ordinary fluids [1]. ...
UCON™ Heat Transfer Fluid 50-HB-260-Y3
... Workplace exposure – Exposure can occur either in facilities that manufacture UCON Heat Transfer Fluid 50-HB-260-Y3 or in the various industrial or manufacturing facilities that use this product. Those working with this product in manufacturing operations could be exposed during maintenance, sampl ...
... Workplace exposure – Exposure can occur either in facilities that manufacture UCON Heat Transfer Fluid 50-HB-260-Y3 or in the various industrial or manufacturing facilities that use this product. Those working with this product in manufacturing operations could be exposed during maintenance, sampl ...
modelling and simulation of metal cutting
... tool geometries and optimising cutting conditions. Researchers find these variables by using experimental techniques which makes the investigation very time consuming and expensive. At this point, finite element modelling and simulation becomes main tool. These important cutting variables can be pre ...
... tool geometries and optimising cutting conditions. Researchers find these variables by using experimental techniques which makes the investigation very time consuming and expensive. At this point, finite element modelling and simulation becomes main tool. These important cutting variables can be pre ...
C031
... thermocouples were needed. The immersible auxiliary heater was used to bring the water bath to its saturation temperature. Figure 3 shows a detailed cross-section of the electrically heated test section. A wooden rod was fabricated to fit closely inside of the tube with grooves milled into the rod. ...
... thermocouples were needed. The immersible auxiliary heater was used to bring the water bath to its saturation temperature. Figure 3 shows a detailed cross-section of the electrically heated test section. A wooden rod was fabricated to fit closely inside of the tube with grooves milled into the rod. ...
module 7
... We have seen two advantages for counter flow, (a) larger effective LMTD and (b) greater potential energy recovery. The advantage of the larger LMTD, as seen from the heat exchanger equation, is that a larger LMTD permits a smaller heat exchanger area, Ao, for a given thermal duty, Q. This would norm ...
... We have seen two advantages for counter flow, (a) larger effective LMTD and (b) greater potential energy recovery. The advantage of the larger LMTD, as seen from the heat exchanger equation, is that a larger LMTD permits a smaller heat exchanger area, Ao, for a given thermal duty, Q. This would norm ...
... Figure 6 and 7 show plots of the heat transfer coefficient versus Reynolds number at the 4 inlet fluid temperatures for the 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm and 2 mm × 0.5 mm channels respectively; it can be observed that both plates have a similar trend of increasing heat transfer coefficient with the Reynolds numb ...
The Heat Is On — High-Power Surface-Mount Resistors
... The heat is on for the passive electronic components industry, as it is seeing an increase in new surface-mount high-power devices, especially resistors. This is exciting, as it creates opportunities to reduce the overall size of electronics. Unfortunately, we must still abide by the laws of physics ...
... The heat is on for the passive electronic components industry, as it is seeing an increase in new surface-mount high-power devices, especially resistors. This is exciting, as it creates opportunities to reduce the overall size of electronics. Unfortunately, we must still abide by the laws of physics ...
Cutting fluid
Cutting fluid is a type of coolant and lubricant designed specifically for metalworking processes, such as machining and stamping. There are various kinds of cutting fluids, which include oils, oil-water emulsions, pastes, gels, aerosols (mists), and air or other gases. They may be made from petroleum distillates, animal fats, plant oils, water and air, or other raw ingredients. Depending on context and on which type of cutting fluid is being considered, it may be referred to as cutting fluid, cutting oil, cutting compound, coolant, or lubricant.Most metalworking and machining processes can benefit from the use of cutting fluid, depending on workpiece material. Common exceptions to this are cast iron and brass, which are machined dry.The properties that are sought after in a good cutting fluid are the ability to: keep the workpiece at a stable temperature (critical when working to close tolerances). Very warm is OK, but extremely hot or alternating hot-and-cold are avoided. maximize the life of the cutting tip by lubricating the working edge and reducing tip welding. ensure safety for the people handling it (toxicity, bacteria, fungi) and for the environment upon disposal. prevent rust on machine parts and cutters.