Fundamentals of Heat Pipes
... temperature range. For instance, if the operating temperatures are too high, the fluid may not be able to condense. However, if the operating temperatures are too low the fluid will not be able to evaporate. Watch the saturation temperature for your desired fluid at the desired heat pipe internal pr ...
... temperature range. For instance, if the operating temperatures are too high, the fluid may not be able to condense. However, if the operating temperatures are too low the fluid will not be able to evaporate. Watch the saturation temperature for your desired fluid at the desired heat pipe internal pr ...
Metal foams as compact high performance heat
... the desirable qualities of a well designed heat exchanger, i.e. a high specific solid–fluid interface surface area, good thermally conducting solid phase, and a tortuous coolant flow path to promote mixing. Depending on the particular opencell metal foam configuration, its specific surface area varies be ...
... the desirable qualities of a well designed heat exchanger, i.e. a high specific solid–fluid interface surface area, good thermally conducting solid phase, and a tortuous coolant flow path to promote mixing. Depending on the particular opencell metal foam configuration, its specific surface area varies be ...
Oil Cooling of Electric Motor using CFD
... therefore a complete geometry was preferred over a truncated model. The 3D solutions provided thicker film thicknesses than the analytical solutions from the fluid film thickness theory. The maximum analytical thickness was of the same order of magnitude as the surface average film thickness provide ...
... therefore a complete geometry was preferred over a truncated model. The 3D solutions provided thicker film thicknesses than the analytical solutions from the fluid film thickness theory. The maximum analytical thickness was of the same order of magnitude as the surface average film thickness provide ...
Mingling in mafic magma chambers replenished by light felsic inputs
... We investigate, by means of laboratory analogues, the fluid dynamics of magma hybridisation caused by the intrusion of felsic magma into a mafic magma chamber. The ‘input’ felsic magma is modelled by a cold, low density fluid and the ‘resident’ mafic magma by a layer of fluid wax close to its solidi ...
... We investigate, by means of laboratory analogues, the fluid dynamics of magma hybridisation caused by the intrusion of felsic magma into a mafic magma chamber. The ‘input’ felsic magma is modelled by a cold, low density fluid and the ‘resident’ mafic magma by a layer of fluid wax close to its solidi ...
Sensitivity studies of flow parameters on the performance
... For finding the sensitivity of the injection angle on the performance of the film coolant in the present valve configuration, the injector angle is varied from 0° to 1000 to the flow axis. Analysis was done forsame injector pressure of 30.1 bar. The inlet pressure was defined as 30.0bar and 1600 K a ...
... For finding the sensitivity of the injection angle on the performance of the film coolant in the present valve configuration, the injector angle is varied from 0° to 1000 to the flow axis. Analysis was done forsame injector pressure of 30.1 bar. The inlet pressure was defined as 30.0bar and 1600 K a ...
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... cooling of the lithosphere is dominant at the ridge flank regions. Heat flux at the ridge flank region is as large as (5.1–9.1) 1012 W, considering the temperature of the oceanic crust to be 10–40 C (Johnson and Pruis 2003). Because the heat in the ridge flank is transported by low temperature f ...
... cooling of the lithosphere is dominant at the ridge flank regions. Heat flux at the ridge flank region is as large as (5.1–9.1) 1012 W, considering the temperature of the oceanic crust to be 10–40 C (Johnson and Pruis 2003). Because the heat in the ridge flank is transported by low temperature f ...
J154
... to be set unnecessarily low so as to not exceed the electronic equipment’s recommended temperature limit. For such diverse heat loads, the IT equipment may not be cool enough at certain locations, while the server room is overcooled. c) The refrigeration system needs to operate at all times and unde ...
... to be set unnecessarily low so as to not exceed the electronic equipment’s recommended temperature limit. For such diverse heat loads, the IT equipment may not be cool enough at certain locations, while the server room is overcooled. c) The refrigeration system needs to operate at all times and unde ...
Mixed convection of power-law fluids along a vertical wedge with
... ing fluid at a temperature T f with variable heat transfer coefficient [ h( x) = Ax −1/ 2 , A is a specified constant] in a porous medium. If the temperature of the wedge surface and free stream differ, not only will energy be transferred to the flow but also density differences will exist. In a gra ...
... ing fluid at a temperature T f with variable heat transfer coefficient [ h( x) = Ax −1/ 2 , A is a specified constant] in a porous medium. If the temperature of the wedge surface and free stream differ, not only will energy be transferred to the flow but also density differences will exist. In a gra ...
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... challenges to microelectronics design. Referring to the international technology roadmap for semiconductors published in year 2002, the highest power density found in high-end workstation with 0.022 µm technology has a heat density approaching 100 W/cm2 [1]. This high heat density is actually of the ...
... challenges to microelectronics design. Referring to the international technology roadmap for semiconductors published in year 2002, the highest power density found in high-end workstation with 0.022 µm technology has a heat density approaching 100 W/cm2 [1]. This high heat density is actually of the ...
NSA307110 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FLUID
... observed in 5 min, the volume of the sample tested is considered nonflammable at the temperature of the test flask. Completely flush the flask with clean dry air and stop the timer. Then repeat the test at a higher (about 50 F or 30 C) temperature. Allow at least 15 min to elapse between tests. If a ...
... observed in 5 min, the volume of the sample tested is considered nonflammable at the temperature of the test flask. Completely flush the flask with clean dry air and stop the timer. Then repeat the test at a higher (about 50 F or 30 C) temperature. Allow at least 15 min to elapse between tests. If a ...
Syllabus
... Importance of Cryogenic insulations: -Various factors for selection of insulations, various types such as expanded foams, gas filled& fibrous insulation, vacuum insulation, evacuated powder& fibrous insulation, opacified powder insulation, multi layer insulation, comparison of performance of various ...
... Importance of Cryogenic insulations: -Various factors for selection of insulations, various types such as expanded foams, gas filled& fibrous insulation, vacuum insulation, evacuated powder& fibrous insulation, opacified powder insulation, multi layer insulation, comparison of performance of various ...
G3- Solved Problems
... Pmax = hA(Ts ,max − T∞ ) = 3000 Χ (0.005) 2 Χ (85 − 15) = 5.25 W Comment: at comparison between both air and liquid cooling. It appears the air heat transfer is poorer than the liquid heat transfer but cooling with liquid is higher cost. 3. The case of a power transistor, which is of length L = 10mm ...
... Pmax = hA(Ts ,max − T∞ ) = 3000 Χ (0.005) 2 Χ (85 − 15) = 5.25 W Comment: at comparison between both air and liquid cooling. It appears the air heat transfer is poorer than the liquid heat transfer but cooling with liquid is higher cost. 3. The case of a power transistor, which is of length L = 10mm ...
The Integration of Liquid Cryogen Cooling and Cryocoolers
... Cryogenic refrigerators come in two general forms; 1) open cycle coolers where the working fluid in the cooler comes is direct contact with the object being cooled, and 2) closed cycle coolers where the refrigerator working fluid does not come in contact with the load. When the word cryocooler is us ...
... Cryogenic refrigerators come in two general forms; 1) open cycle coolers where the working fluid in the cooler comes is direct contact with the object being cooled, and 2) closed cycle coolers where the refrigerator working fluid does not come in contact with the load. When the word cryocooler is us ...
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684
... heat sinks subject to the influence of orientation. A flat plate and seven square pin fin heat sinks with various arrangements are tested under a controlled environment. Test results indicate that the downward facing orientation yields the lowest heat transfer coefficient. However, the heat transfer ...
... heat sinks subject to the influence of orientation. A flat plate and seven square pin fin heat sinks with various arrangements are tested under a controlled environment. Test results indicate that the downward facing orientation yields the lowest heat transfer coefficient. However, the heat transfer ...
Thermoelectric Cooling A Closer Look.indd
... equipment to ambient dirt and debris can cause damage over time. It is also can increase the risk of shock to those working around the area. For these reasons, it is best to have a cooling component in place as part of your system. Before going into a detailed look at thermoelectric cooling, a few o ...
... equipment to ambient dirt and debris can cause damage over time. It is also can increase the risk of shock to those working around the area. For these reasons, it is best to have a cooling component in place as part of your system. Before going into a detailed look at thermoelectric cooling, a few o ...
The Case for EHD Control in Low Gravity Systems and the Need for a Long-duration, Low-gravity Test Environment
... fluid flow velocity, geometry, gravity, system pressure, surface roughness, oxidation levels and contact angle. The maximum heat flux chievable in the nucleate boiling mode beyond which film boiling occurs, and the minimum heat flux below which the film boiling can revert back to nucleate boiling ar ...
... fluid flow velocity, geometry, gravity, system pressure, surface roughness, oxidation levels and contact angle. The maximum heat flux chievable in the nucleate boiling mode beyond which film boiling occurs, and the minimum heat flux below which the film boiling can revert back to nucleate boiling ar ...
International Journal of Food Engineering
... coldest zone’, where the temperature of the fluid is the lowest, and its reduction over sterilization time is the primary subject of practical interest. Due to the fluid movement, stagnation zone (usually within a recirculation zone) is also of a primary interest as the microbes or nutrient species ...
... coldest zone’, where the temperature of the fluid is the lowest, and its reduction over sterilization time is the primary subject of practical interest. Due to the fluid movement, stagnation zone (usually within a recirculation zone) is also of a primary interest as the microbes or nutrient species ...
CONVECTION DUE TO INTERNAL HEAT SOURCES by Morten
... for example in clouds. It is well established in the theory of Benard convection that for fluids with fluid properties depending on the temperature, the planform will be hexagons at least for R-values close to (Palm 1960, Busse 1962). ...
... for example in clouds. It is well established in the theory of Benard convection that for fluids with fluid properties depending on the temperature, the planform will be hexagons at least for R-values close to (Palm 1960, Busse 1962). ...
Heat Transfer Performance of Functionalized Graphene
... of the dispersions with millimetric and micrometric particles. Due to the small size of nanoparticles, heat transfer systems are not worn away and the sedimentation is much slower. Moreover, for small concentrations of nanoparticles, pressure drop increases are marginal compared with those of the ba ...
... of the dispersions with millimetric and micrometric particles. Due to the small size of nanoparticles, heat transfer systems are not worn away and the sedimentation is much slower. Moreover, for small concentrations of nanoparticles, pressure drop increases are marginal compared with those of the ba ...
Laminar Flow Analysis over a Flat Plate by Computational Fluid
... boundary layer data expensive equipment such as a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) or LaserDoppler Anemometry (LDA) is often required. Experiments are also generally time consuming to prepare and results inevitably include errors in accuracy. Computer modeling can be used to predict results, but the ...
... boundary layer data expensive equipment such as a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) or LaserDoppler Anemometry (LDA) is often required. Experiments are also generally time consuming to prepare and results inevitably include errors in accuracy. Computer modeling can be used to predict results, but the ...
Alleviation of Thermal Stresses in Aircraft Structures
... If cooling and insulation are used in combination the total weight of thermal protection required may be less than that required using either on its own. The presence of a layer of insulation reduces tne quantity of heat entering the structure and consequently the qu
... If cooling and insulation are used in combination the total weight of thermal protection required may be less than that required using either on its own. The presence of a layer of insulation reduces tne quantity of heat entering the structure and consequently the qu
experimental comparison of four borehole heat exchangers
... The collectors are compared based on their borehole thermal resistance and pressure drop at different flow rates. The results indicate that the pipe dimensions play an important roll, spacers might not contribute to better heat transfer, and inner micro fins in the pipes improve the performance of t ...
... The collectors are compared based on their borehole thermal resistance and pressure drop at different flow rates. The results indicate that the pipe dimensions play an important roll, spacers might not contribute to better heat transfer, and inner micro fins in the pipes improve the performance of t ...
melting heat transfer in a nanofluid flow past a permeable
... typically of 1-100 nm suspended in liquid. Nanofluids have attracted great interest recently because of reports of greatly enhanced thermal properties. For example, a small amount (< 1% volume fraction) of Cu nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes dispersed in ethylene glycol or oil is reported to increa ...
... typically of 1-100 nm suspended in liquid. Nanofluids have attracted great interest recently because of reports of greatly enhanced thermal properties. For example, a small amount (< 1% volume fraction) of Cu nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes dispersed in ethylene glycol or oil is reported to increa ...
The convection flow of aqueous humor in the anterior
... Three heat loss mechanisms take place on the corneal surface. In addition to the heat transfer due to convection, the heat losses also occur due to the radiation and tear evaporation from the corneal surface. The present model takes into account all the three heat loss mechanisms by modifying the bo ...
... Three heat loss mechanisms take place on the corneal surface. In addition to the heat transfer due to convection, the heat losses also occur due to the radiation and tear evaporation from the corneal surface. The present model takes into account all the three heat loss mechanisms by modifying the bo ...
Dufour and Soret effects on MHD flow of Williamson fluid over
... infinitely rotating disk, which rotates with uniform angular velocity was firstly proposed by Kármán [7]. The flow is described by the absence of pressure gradient in radial direction close to the disk that balance out the centrifugal forces so the fluid spirals outward. The disk works as a centrifu ...
... infinitely rotating disk, which rotates with uniform angular velocity was firstly proposed by Kármán [7]. The flow is described by the absence of pressure gradient in radial direction close to the disk that balance out the centrifugal forces so the fluid spirals outward. The disk works as a centrifu ...
Cutting fluid
Cutting fluid is a type of coolant and lubricant designed specifically for metalworking processes, such as machining and stamping. There are various kinds of cutting fluids, which include oils, oil-water emulsions, pastes, gels, aerosols (mists), and air or other gases. They may be made from petroleum distillates, animal fats, plant oils, water and air, or other raw ingredients. Depending on context and on which type of cutting fluid is being considered, it may be referred to as cutting fluid, cutting oil, cutting compound, coolant, or lubricant.Most metalworking and machining processes can benefit from the use of cutting fluid, depending on workpiece material. Common exceptions to this are cast iron and brass, which are machined dry.The properties that are sought after in a good cutting fluid are the ability to: keep the workpiece at a stable temperature (critical when working to close tolerances). Very warm is OK, but extremely hot or alternating hot-and-cold are avoided. maximize the life of the cutting tip by lubricating the working edge and reducing tip welding. ensure safety for the people handling it (toxicity, bacteria, fungi) and for the environment upon disposal. prevent rust on machine parts and cutters.