Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
... EITI has achieved strong momentum at national level …. At country level: ...
... EITI has achieved strong momentum at national level …. At country level: ...
The International Monetary Fund: 70 Years of Reinvention
... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
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... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
... As recently as 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) seemed to be winding down its business. After the Argentine and Uruguayan crises of 2001-2003, the world had been comparatively free of financial crises. IMF lending, whether expressed as a share of world GDP or imports, fell to its lowest l ...
GEF Orientation Session for New Council and Alternate Members
... – Representatives from civil society and community based organizations (always in majority) – Representatives from government (usually OFP or his/her delegate); – NC serves as secretariat for National Steering Committee ...
... – Representatives from civil society and community based organizations (always in majority) – Representatives from government (usually OFP or his/her delegate); – NC serves as secretariat for National Steering Committee ...
Providing International Adaptation Finance for Vulnerable
... of resources to communities vulnerable to climate change. Social investment funds are government-owned institutions which have been used by international financial cooperation for more than 20 years. They have been established in more than 60 countries and have been used to channel high volumes of p ...
... of resources to communities vulnerable to climate change. Social investment funds are government-owned institutions which have been used by international financial cooperation for more than 20 years. They have been established in more than 60 countries and have been used to channel high volumes of p ...
the prerequisites for progress towards a single currency in the
... currently available from the IMF, the World Bank and other donors. However, the financing of such a fund is currently beyond the reach of members, and the building up of sufficient reserves will require significantly more stringent economic policy. It is equally important that sanctions for non-comp ...
... currently available from the IMF, the World Bank and other donors. However, the financing of such a fund is currently beyond the reach of members, and the building up of sufficient reserves will require significantly more stringent economic policy. It is equally important that sanctions for non-comp ...
Accounting for Emerging Market Countries` International Reserves
... I. INTRODUCTION Over the past few decades, despite somewhat greater exchange rate flexibility, and some draw down during the global financial crisis, emerging market economies (EMEs) have been accumulating large stocks of international reserves. Reserve holdings, which averaged about 5 percent of GD ...
... I. INTRODUCTION Over the past few decades, despite somewhat greater exchange rate flexibility, and some draw down during the global financial crisis, emerging market economies (EMEs) have been accumulating large stocks of international reserves. Reserve holdings, which averaged about 5 percent of GD ...
Donor Engagement and Budget Transparency in Aid Dependent
... in the 2008 OBI, to test some preliminary hypotheses and select six countries for which more detailed case studies have been carried out. Findings from the case studies are then presented, looking at their track record of reforms that may have increased budget transparency, at the role played by don ...
... in the 2008 OBI, to test some preliminary hypotheses and select six countries for which more detailed case studies have been carried out. Findings from the case studies are then presented, looking at their track record of reforms that may have increased budget transparency, at the role played by don ...
Increasing the Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances
... 2.3 The evidence on the effect of remittances on long-term growth is inconclusive To the extent that they finance education and health and increase investment, remittances could have a positive effect on economic growth. In the economies where the financial system is underdeveloped, remittances may ...
... 2.3 The evidence on the effect of remittances on long-term growth is inconclusive To the extent that they finance education and health and increase investment, remittances could have a positive effect on economic growth. In the economies where the financial system is underdeveloped, remittances may ...
Risk Sharing through Remittances: Evidence from
... countries where the remittance-receiving households, instead of auctioning productive assets, utilize their cash holdings during the crisis period. Likewise, an increase in remittances to households when they are unemployed or when the recipient economy is in recession may serve as an ex post risk s ...
... countries where the remittance-receiving households, instead of auctioning productive assets, utilize their cash holdings during the crisis period. Likewise, an increase in remittances to households when they are unemployed or when the recipient economy is in recession may serve as an ex post risk s ...
How Emerging Markets are Reshaping Globalization
... diplomacy respond to the changes? What role will be played by international coordination mechanisms, including international organizations and bilateral and multilateral treaties? Despite rapid growth in the emerging powerhouses, their populations will remain significantly poorer than those of the ...
... diplomacy respond to the changes? What role will be played by international coordination mechanisms, including international organizations and bilateral and multilateral treaties? Despite rapid growth in the emerging powerhouses, their populations will remain significantly poorer than those of the ...
HE Mr. George McKenzie
... powerful nations, but by the representatives of the majority of humankind. Liberalisation must not provide a cover for the protectionist policies of the rich and powerful, securing their vital interests while the weak are beggared beyond description by being forced to “open up” to the world. We must ...
... powerful nations, but by the representatives of the majority of humankind. Liberalisation must not provide a cover for the protectionist policies of the rich and powerful, securing their vital interests while the weak are beggared beyond description by being forced to “open up” to the world. We must ...
Towards development in landlocked economies - CEPAL
... In order to measure the transport costs of developing countries’ international trade, the literature often compares between countries the ratio of cif (cost, insurance, freight) to fob (free on board) values of imports. This measure has some major shortcomings when it comes to comparing among countr ...
... In order to measure the transport costs of developing countries’ international trade, the literature often compares between countries the ratio of cif (cost, insurance, freight) to fob (free on board) values of imports. This measure has some major shortcomings when it comes to comparing among countr ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ASSESSING THE EMERGING GLOBAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE:
... of reserves, recent trends suggest that reserve accumulation may be closely related to changing patterns of the trilemma for developing countries. The earlier literature focused on the role of international reserves as a buffer stock critical to the management of an adjustable-peg or managed-floatin ...
... of reserves, recent trends suggest that reserve accumulation may be closely related to changing patterns of the trilemma for developing countries. The earlier literature focused on the role of international reserves as a buffer stock critical to the management of an adjustable-peg or managed-floatin ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A CURRENCY OF ONE’S OWN?
... countries are very small and their data are not included in readily available data sets. After significant effort we were able to obtain data on GDP per capita growth and inflation for 20 strictly dollarized countries. We also use data on 32 countries that are members of an independent currency unio ...
... countries are very small and their data are not included in readily available data sets. After significant effort we were able to obtain data on GDP per capita growth and inflation for 20 strictly dollarized countries. We also use data on 32 countries that are members of an independent currency unio ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Economic Research Volume Title: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconom
... Finally, capital flows are typically of a different nature in low‐income countries than in other countries. A large part of their foreign borrowing is in the form of official development assistance (grants or concessional loans). Such capital flows do not respond to market incentives and often do no ...
... Finally, capital flows are typically of a different nature in low‐income countries than in other countries. A large part of their foreign borrowing is in the form of official development assistance (grants or concessional loans). Such capital flows do not respond to market incentives and often do no ...
Review of Exchange Arrangements, Restrictions, and Controls
... To identify better the nature of the de facto exchange arrangements of currency unions, countries in these unions have been classified as of April 1, 2007 based on the exchange rate policies of the union, rather than the country, to reflect the external exchange arrangement of the union. In other wo ...
... To identify better the nature of the de facto exchange arrangements of currency unions, countries in these unions have been classified as of April 1, 2007 based on the exchange rate policies of the union, rather than the country, to reflect the external exchange arrangement of the union. In other wo ...
Economic Costs of Alternative Monetary Policy Responses During
... However, raising domestic interest rates is not costless. Because it increases the lending rates to firms and households, it will reduce investment and consumption. For leveraged corporations, higher interest rates translate into increased debt service on their loans, lower profits, and lower net wo ...
... However, raising domestic interest rates is not costless. Because it increases the lending rates to firms and households, it will reduce investment and consumption. For leveraged corporations, higher interest rates translate into increased debt service on their loans, lower profits, and lower net wo ...
CATO HANDBOOK CONGRESS FOR
... Niskanen put the U.S. relationship with the IMF more accurately: ‘‘U.S. government membership in the IMF is like being a limited partner in a financial firm that makes high-risk loans, pays dividends at a rate lower than that on Treasury bills, and makes large periodic cash calls for additional fund ...
... Niskanen put the U.S. relationship with the IMF more accurately: ‘‘U.S. government membership in the IMF is like being a limited partner in a financial firm that makes high-risk loans, pays dividends at a rate lower than that on Treasury bills, and makes large periodic cash calls for additional fund ...
Integration of CEE and EU-15 Money Market, Deposit and Lending
... perfect capital mobility across countries etc. (Kleimeier and Sander, 2003). Additional issue that makes measuring degree of integration inaccurate is the exchange rate risk, making returns on a same kind of assets differ across countries. Hence, when assessing degree of integration across EU-15 cou ...
... perfect capital mobility across countries etc. (Kleimeier and Sander, 2003). Additional issue that makes measuring degree of integration inaccurate is the exchange rate risk, making returns on a same kind of assets differ across countries. Hence, when assessing degree of integration across EU-15 cou ...
cs/tcm/ccbfm/xiV/5
... Most of the COMESA member countries have made significant progress in moving towards market determined exchange rates and thereby reducing overvaluation of their currencies which characterised the 1980s and early 1990s. Exchange rate regimes are quite difficult to classify. A relatively small number ...
... Most of the COMESA member countries have made significant progress in moving towards market determined exchange rates and thereby reducing overvaluation of their currencies which characterised the 1980s and early 1990s. Exchange rate regimes are quite difficult to classify. A relatively small number ...
determinants of the choice of exchange rate regime in resource
... study that focuses on these questions. The main objective of this research is to address these questions by focusing on the speci c determinants of the choice of exchange rate regime in RRCs. Given the nature of the dependent variable, which is a categorical variable that de nes dierent exchange ra ...
... study that focuses on these questions. The main objective of this research is to address these questions by focusing on the speci c determinants of the choice of exchange rate regime in RRCs. Given the nature of the dependent variable, which is a categorical variable that de nes dierent exchange ra ...
Word - UNDP
... combat land degradation over the period, further building on the work being undertaken by Drylands Development Centre of UNDP in Nairobi. In addition, there are numerous synergies that will be strengthened through both the country offices and the policy specialists based in the nine sub-regional res ...
... combat land degradation over the period, further building on the work being undertaken by Drylands Development Centre of UNDP in Nairobi. In addition, there are numerous synergies that will be strengthened through both the country offices and the policy specialists based in the nine sub-regional res ...
Why We Shouldn`t Turn Our Backs on Globalization
... between nations that continued even after the war ended. From 1914 to 1929, the average level of international trade fell from 22% of world GDP to 16%, capital flows dried up, falling from close to 20% to 8% of world GDP (Obstfeld and Taylor, 2003), and worse was yet to come. In 1929, the Great Depr ...
... between nations that continued even after the war ended. From 1914 to 1929, the average level of international trade fell from 22% of world GDP to 16%, capital flows dried up, falling from close to 20% to 8% of world GDP (Obstfeld and Taylor, 2003), and worse was yet to come. In 1929, the Great Depr ...
The IMF and Poor Countries
... that need to be addressed, and if so how; what should be the division of labour between the IMF, World Bank and aid agencies? It would not be hard to add to this list. Indeed the hard thing is to stop. But even as it stands, all of these issues have relevance for low income countries, and many of th ...
... that need to be addressed, and if so how; what should be the division of labour between the IMF, World Bank and aid agencies? It would not be hard to add to this list. Indeed the hard thing is to stop. But even as it stands, all of these issues have relevance for low income countries, and many of th ...