Changes in retinoic acid signaling alter otic patterning
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
Mouse Lefty2 and Zebrafish Antivin Are Feedback
... Expansion of the Primitive Streak and Excess Mesoderm Formation in lefty2 Mutant Embryos At E9.5, the embryonic region of homozygous mutants showed no signs of axial patterning and instead remained as a mass of cells lacking distinguished structure at the distal end (Figure 2C). The extraembryonic s ...
... Expansion of the Primitive Streak and Excess Mesoderm Formation in lefty2 Mutant Embryos At E9.5, the embryonic region of homozygous mutants showed no signs of axial patterning and instead remained as a mass of cells lacking distinguished structure at the distal end (Figure 2C). The extraembryonic s ...
The Nodal Pathway Acts Upstream of Hedgehog
... shown). eom expression, which is normally restricted to dorsal telencephalon (Figure 3N; Mione et al., 2001), is also detected in embryos with compromised Nodal signaling (Figure 3Q and data not shown), suggesting that it is ventral telencephalic specification that is predominantly affected in Nodal ...
... shown). eom expression, which is normally restricted to dorsal telencephalon (Figure 3N; Mione et al., 2001), is also detected in embryos with compromised Nodal signaling (Figure 3Q and data not shown), suggesting that it is ventral telencephalic specification that is predominantly affected in Nodal ...
Gbx2 is required for the morphogenesis of the mouse inner ear
... with an enlarged membranous labyrinth (Fig. 2A). By contrast, the lateral canal and ampulla are usually present (Table I, n=17/19). Type I, the mildest phenotype, shows an enlarged membranous labyrinth, and three out of the four specimens are missing the endolymphatic duct (Table 1). In the Type II ...
... with an enlarged membranous labyrinth (Fig. 2A). By contrast, the lateral canal and ampulla are usually present (Table I, n=17/19). Type I, the mildest phenotype, shows an enlarged membranous labyrinth, and three out of the four specimens are missing the endolymphatic duct (Table 1). In the Type II ...
Genome Biology - Department of Computer Science and
... Upon binding, TFs interact with RNA polymerase II to activate or repress transcription. TFs also recruit chromatin modification enzymes to induce chromatin structure changes, which in turn affect the accessibility of factors to genomic DNA regions [3, 4]. The target genes of a TF change according to ...
... Upon binding, TFs interact with RNA polymerase II to activate or repress transcription. TFs also recruit chromatin modification enzymes to induce chromatin structure changes, which in turn affect the accessibility of factors to genomic DNA regions [3, 4]. The target genes of a TF change according to ...
Common Quantitative Trait Loci for Alcohol
... Erwin et al., 1993). Specific binding of saturating concentrations of NT (20 nM 3H-NT) was determined in the presence of 10 mM levocabastine, a selective blocker of NTRL, to determine NTRH densities. Total specific binding minus NTRH was defined as NTRL. Mean values for densities of both NTRH and NT ...
... Erwin et al., 1993). Specific binding of saturating concentrations of NT (20 nM 3H-NT) was determined in the presence of 10 mM levocabastine, a selective blocker of NTRL, to determine NTRH densities. Total specific binding minus NTRH was defined as NTRL. Mean values for densities of both NTRH and NT ...
Testing the ABC floral-organ identity model: expression of
... Review: Analysis of Class B expression AP3 and PI are first expressed in stage three flowers in non-identical but overlapping domains. Only cells in the second and third whorl presumptive region (where both genes are expressed) continue to express AP3 and PI past stage 4. Neither AP3 nor PI are exp ...
... Review: Analysis of Class B expression AP3 and PI are first expressed in stage three flowers in non-identical but overlapping domains. Only cells in the second and third whorl presumptive region (where both genes are expressed) continue to express AP3 and PI past stage 4. Neither AP3 nor PI are exp ...
A tandem repeat in decay accelerating factor 1 induced autoimmunity
... Although there is evidence that DAF mRNA stability can be affected by tissue specific factors [17] and inflammation [18], most studies suggest that expression is primarily modulated at transcription [15–17, 19, 20]. The human DAF promoter has been identified, the transcription start site mapped, and ...
... Although there is evidence that DAF mRNA stability can be affected by tissue specific factors [17] and inflammation [18], most studies suggest that expression is primarily modulated at transcription [15–17, 19, 20]. The human DAF promoter has been identified, the transcription start site mapped, and ...
Centipede Hox genes - Development
... duplications of any of the genes was found in Lithobius atkinsoni; however, we cannot exclude the possibility of additional unrecovered Hox genes. The head genes: lab, pb, Dfd and Scr In other arthropods, the gene labial (lab) is the most anteriorly expressed of the Hox genes. Likewise, in the centi ...
... duplications of any of the genes was found in Lithobius atkinsoni; however, we cannot exclude the possibility of additional unrecovered Hox genes. The head genes: lab, pb, Dfd and Scr In other arthropods, the gene labial (lab) is the most anteriorly expressed of the Hox genes. Likewise, in the centi ...
Notch activity induces Nodal expression and mediates the
... been mutated (Fig. 2C). These results suggest that perinodal expression of Nodal may be regulated by conserved promoter elements that depend directly on Notch activity. To investigate whether these elements are functional in vivo, we utilized a transgenic approach in mice. A 355-bp fragment of the m ...
... been mutated (Fig. 2C). These results suggest that perinodal expression of Nodal may be regulated by conserved promoter elements that depend directly on Notch activity. To investigate whether these elements are functional in vivo, we utilized a transgenic approach in mice. A 355-bp fragment of the m ...
Lecture 7
... Alan Turing-a father of computational sciences In 1952 publishes a paper entitled “A. M. Turing on the chemical basis of ...
... Alan Turing-a father of computational sciences In 1952 publishes a paper entitled “A. M. Turing on the chemical basis of ...
anterior olfactory nucleus (aon) - Dashboard
... the AON to expression values in other regions of the brain. Following image analysis, the data values for each experiment were mapped to a 3-D reference brain at (200m)3 voxel resolution. Then, each voxel was assigned a single expression value based on the product of density and intensity of expres ...
... the AON to expression values in other regions of the brain. Following image analysis, the data values for each experiment were mapped to a 3-D reference brain at (200m)3 voxel resolution. Then, each voxel was assigned a single expression value based on the product of density and intensity of expres ...
Increased Expression of c-jun, junB, AP
... mRNA, which was most pronounced in the lateral and caudal part of striatum; the level peaked 4 hr after injection and was still significantly increased after 8 hr. In a complementary study we could not find increased binding to the AP-l-like site in the 5’-flanking sequence of proenkephalin followin ...
... mRNA, which was most pronounced in the lateral and caudal part of striatum; the level peaked 4 hr after injection and was still significantly increased after 8 hr. In a complementary study we could not find increased binding to the AP-l-like site in the 5’-flanking sequence of proenkephalin followin ...
[PDF]
... The transgenic mouse lines with mouse prosaposin promoter deletion constructs were 234Luc, 310Luc, 2400Luc, and 2400DLuc (Fig 1A). The tissue specific expression pattern of promoter deletion constructs was reported previously (Sun et al., 2000). The expression pattern for each construct was same amo ...
... The transgenic mouse lines with mouse prosaposin promoter deletion constructs were 234Luc, 310Luc, 2400Luc, and 2400DLuc (Fig 1A). The tissue specific expression pattern of promoter deletion constructs was reported previously (Sun et al., 2000). The expression pattern for each construct was same amo ...
Comparison of Statistical Models for Affymetrix GeneChip
... Model-based estimators are superior to simple averaging Full model superior to reduced this does not necessarily mean that the mismatch probes are a good idea - but if they are present we should use them we have demonstrated this using both analytic considerations and experimental data a carefully d ...
... Model-based estimators are superior to simple averaging Full model superior to reduced this does not necessarily mean that the mismatch probes are a good idea - but if they are present we should use them we have demonstrated this using both analytic considerations and experimental data a carefully d ...
Acute stress and hippocampal histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, a
... but it was associated with reductions (stress down) at only 1,438 loci (Fig. 3A) [false-discovery rate (FDR) <0.0001, P < 0.05]. When categorized by repetitive-element class, differences emerge in the enrichment of stress-up versus stress-down peaks: the autonomous long interspersed element (LINE) r ...
... but it was associated with reductions (stress down) at only 1,438 loci (Fig. 3A) [false-discovery rate (FDR) <0.0001, P < 0.05]. When categorized by repetitive-element class, differences emerge in the enrichment of stress-up versus stress-down peaks: the autonomous long interspersed element (LINE) r ...
Aleksander Giwercman, born in 1955 in Lodz, Poland
... and estrogen signal pathways. Conversely, the androgen receptor and the estrogen receptor can also function as repressors to inhibit the TR2/TR4 signal pathways (PNAS, 1999). These unexpected findings have expanded the classical view that the androgen receptor and the estrogen receptor act only as r ...
... and estrogen signal pathways. Conversely, the androgen receptor and the estrogen receptor can also function as repressors to inhibit the TR2/TR4 signal pathways (PNAS, 1999). These unexpected findings have expanded the classical view that the androgen receptor and the estrogen receptor act only as r ...
Active repressors
... (yellow) with H2A.Z/H2B dimers (red) containing the variant histone protein H2A.Z prevents the spread of Sir proteins into adjacent regions of unsilenced chromatin. This histone replacement acts as a buffer halting the spread of chromatin silencing. The Swr1 complex mediates the removal of H2A/H ...
... (yellow) with H2A.Z/H2B dimers (red) containing the variant histone protein H2A.Z prevents the spread of Sir proteins into adjacent regions of unsilenced chromatin. This histone replacement acts as a buffer halting the spread of chromatin silencing. The Swr1 complex mediates the removal of H2A/H ...
Epigenetic changes in the estrogen receptor α gene
... social behaviors in adult mammals. Alteration of ERα gene activity mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, in particular brain areas appears to be crucial for determining the extents of these behaviors between the sexes and among individuals within the s ...
... social behaviors in adult mammals. Alteration of ERα gene activity mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, in particular brain areas appears to be crucial for determining the extents of these behaviors between the sexes and among individuals within the s ...
Document
... HDACs respectively, and these enzymes are recruited to promoters during transcription activation or repression ...
... HDACs respectively, and these enzymes are recruited to promoters during transcription activation or repression ...
Chromatin Structure Is a Focus for Regulation 30.2
... • Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes modify histones by – addition of acetyl groups; – some transcriptional coactivators have HAT activity ...
... • Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes modify histones by – addition of acetyl groups; – some transcriptional coactivators have HAT activity ...
Elyse Coolidge
... As a result of the connection between MOR and morphine, it has been hypothesized that the MOR and its endogenous peptidic ligands, enkephalins and dynorphins, play an important role in morphine dependence. Ensuing studies focused specifically on the Penk and Oprm genes which both demonstrated a conn ...
... As a result of the connection between MOR and morphine, it has been hypothesized that the MOR and its endogenous peptidic ligands, enkephalins and dynorphins, play an important role in morphine dependence. Ensuing studies focused specifically on the Penk and Oprm genes which both demonstrated a conn ...
Leukaemia Section Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence. © 2002 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology ...
... This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence. © 2002 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology ...
Kinetic proofreading of gene activation by chromatin remodeling
... histone tail modifiers, chromatin remodelers, and transcription factors allows to discriminate right from wrong genes to be activated. While in our example we have distinguished between an acetylated versus a deacetylated state, other covalent modifications and their combinations [the “histone code, ...
... histone tail modifiers, chromatin remodelers, and transcription factors allows to discriminate right from wrong genes to be activated. While in our example we have distinguished between an acetylated versus a deacetylated state, other covalent modifications and their combinations [the “histone code, ...
Histone modifications and exercise adaptations
... in activity. In cultured, adult skeletal muscle fibers, electrical stimulation at 10 Hz, to mimic slow-twitch fiber activity, resulted in translocation of HDAC4, but not HDAC5, from the nuclear fraction to the cytoplasm (17, 35). This was associated with increased CaMKII activation and MEF2 transcri ...
... in activity. In cultured, adult skeletal muscle fibers, electrical stimulation at 10 Hz, to mimic slow-twitch fiber activity, resulted in translocation of HDAC4, but not HDAC5, from the nuclear fraction to the cytoplasm (17, 35). This was associated with increased CaMKII activation and MEF2 transcri ...