Reinventing the President`s Pardon Power
... When the Framers included a power to pardon in Article II of the Constitution, they did so with the understanding that there must be some ability to dispense “the mercy of government” in exceptional cases where the legal system fails to deliver a morally or politically acceptable result.4 When Alexa ...
... When the Framers included a power to pardon in Article II of the Constitution, they did so with the understanding that there must be some ability to dispense “the mercy of government” in exceptional cases where the legal system fails to deliver a morally or politically acceptable result.4 When Alexa ...
Human Decisions and Machine Predictions.
... detention but are mis-ranking defendants. Stricter judges do not simply jail the riskiest defendants; the marginal defendants they select to detain are drawn from throughout the entire predicted risk distribution. Judges in the second quintile of leniency, for example, could have accomplished their ...
... detention but are mis-ranking defendants. Stricter judges do not simply jail the riskiest defendants; the marginal defendants they select to detain are drawn from throughout the entire predicted risk distribution. Judges in the second quintile of leniency, for example, could have accomplished their ...
overview of the community corrections system in kenya
... and currently the probation officers are involved in generation of pre-bail reports for purposes of bond terms. 2. Supervision of non-custodial court orders under relevant Act which involves discussing the order with the offender, drawing individual treatment plan providing regular progress reports ...
... and currently the probation officers are involved in generation of pre-bail reports for purposes of bond terms. 2. Supervision of non-custodial court orders under relevant Act which involves discussing the order with the offender, drawing individual treatment plan providing regular progress reports ...
The Costs of Crime and Violence - Inter
... the Caribbean, highlighting its similarities and differences with Latin America. Other “old” and “new” security challenges are also discussed, including violence against women and cybersecurity. The region is behind in its readiness to tackle these serious issues. Finally the volume outlines the var ...
... the Caribbean, highlighting its similarities and differences with Latin America. Other “old” and “new” security challenges are also discussed, including violence against women and cybersecurity. The region is behind in its readiness to tackle these serious issues. Finally the volume outlines the var ...
engaging law enforcement in opioid overdose response
... maximizing the chances bystanders will call 9-1-1 during overdose events. Basic outreach at the scene can help educate families, friends, and other bystanders to be vigilant for signs and symptoms of overdose, since many victims experience more than one such event over their lifetime. Additional out ...
... maximizing the chances bystanders will call 9-1-1 during overdose events. Basic outreach at the scene can help educate families, friends, and other bystanders to be vigilant for signs and symptoms of overdose, since many victims experience more than one such event over their lifetime. Additional out ...
Clemency and the Unitary Executive
... But criminal cases are different. The President is not limited to frontend controls or removing prosecutors if he or she believes prosecutors have gone too far. The President has broad and explicit back-end control as well. The Pardon Clause vests the President with “Power to Grant Reprieves and Par ...
... But criminal cases are different. The President is not limited to frontend controls or removing prosecutors if he or she believes prosecutors have gone too far. The President has broad and explicit back-end control as well. The Pardon Clause vests the President with “Power to Grant Reprieves and Par ...
Prisons affirmative - University of Michigan Debate Camp Wiki
... have been mixed. One study∂ found that overcrowding does not affect inmate misconduct; but the BOP, based∂ on its own research, concluded that there is a significant positive relationship ∂ between the two.∂ • The inmate-to-staff ratio has increased from 4.1 inmates per staff member in ∂ FY2000 to 4 ...
... have been mixed. One study∂ found that overcrowding does not affect inmate misconduct; but the BOP, based∂ on its own research, concluded that there is a significant positive relationship ∂ between the two.∂ • The inmate-to-staff ratio has increased from 4.1 inmates per staff member in ∂ FY2000 to 4 ...
The Office on Violence Against Women`s Transitional Housing
... PRWORA or the Welfare Reform Act) and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRAIRA) cut certain benefits for certain immigrants. Congress and the U.S. Attorney General have affirmed that public benefits should be available to help battered immigrants rebuild their lives a ...
... PRWORA or the Welfare Reform Act) and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRAIRA) cut certain benefits for certain immigrants. Congress and the U.S. Attorney General have affirmed that public benefits should be available to help battered immigrants rebuild their lives a ...
The Relationship between Age Structure and
... strong temporal association between age structure and crime rates are based on U.S. national data and essentially estimate an average effect of age structure on crime in the United States, a country with distinctive regional cultures and composed of heterogeneous populations. Whether the strong temp ...
... strong temporal association between age structure and crime rates are based on U.S. national data and essentially estimate an average effect of age structure on crime in the United States, a country with distinctive regional cultures and composed of heterogeneous populations. Whether the strong temp ...
McNeill, Fergus (2014) Punishment as rehabilitation. In
... Introduction The title of this chapter may seem an odd one. For many people, punishment and rehabilitation are alternatives between which we must choose, rather than potential synonyms or alternative ways of referring to similar processes. Can punishment ever be rehabilitation? Don’t rehabilitation’ ...
... Introduction The title of this chapter may seem an odd one. For many people, punishment and rehabilitation are alternatives between which we must choose, rather than potential synonyms or alternative ways of referring to similar processes. Can punishment ever be rehabilitation? Don’t rehabilitation’ ...
Restitution, Rehabilitation, Prevention, and
... attention on the vital role victims can, and should, have in the disposition of those who have injured them. [FN22] One of the most promising alternatives to juvenile incarceration that can provide the necessary rehabilitative element, but which also addresses the needs of victims, is victim-offende ...
... attention on the vital role victims can, and should, have in the disposition of those who have injured them. [FN22] One of the most promising alternatives to juvenile incarceration that can provide the necessary rehabilitative element, but which also addresses the needs of victims, is victim-offende ...
Abraham`s Legacy: An Empirical Assessment of (Nearly)
... Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (the "SRA"),8 requires the United States Sentencing Commission (the "Sentencing Commission") to consider public opinion in setting offense levels. 9 Whether or not popular press stories accurately portray federal sentencing efforts, however, they may significantly fashi ...
... Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (the "SRA"),8 requires the United States Sentencing Commission (the "Sentencing Commission") to consider public opinion in setting offense levels. 9 Whether or not popular press stories accurately portray federal sentencing efforts, however, they may significantly fashi ...
Juvenile Arrest Rates 1980-2009 - Dr. Jeffrey A. Butts, New York, NY
... Crime Reporting Program (UCR) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI collects annual information on arrests made by law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. Data are collected from jurisdictions containing a majority of the U.S. population, typically between 70 and 80 pe ...
... Crime Reporting Program (UCR) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI collects annual information on arrests made by law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. Data are collected from jurisdictions containing a majority of the U.S. population, typically between 70 and 80 pe ...
Juvenile Arrest Rates 1980-2009
... Crime Reporting Program (UCR) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI collects annual information on arrests made by law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. Data are collected from jurisdictions containing a majority of the U.S. population, typically between 70 and 80 pe ...
... Crime Reporting Program (UCR) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI collects annual information on arrests made by law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. Data are collected from jurisdictions containing a majority of the U.S. population, typically between 70 and 80 pe ...
Peace Bonds as Counter-Law?
... year (Neumann, 1994). However, if the court finds it necessary, peace bond orders can be renewed an indefinite number of times upon their expiry (Grant, 1998). There have been several amendments to Canada’s peace bond regime that have extended its reach, incorporating multiple purposes—preventing fu ...
... year (Neumann, 1994). However, if the court finds it necessary, peace bond orders can be renewed an indefinite number of times upon their expiry (Grant, 1998). There have been several amendments to Canada’s peace bond regime that have extended its reach, incorporating multiple purposes—preventing fu ...
the three “r`s” of reentry
... It is this equal footing or standing that is implied in various descriptions of restorative justice that concerns many in the victim community. Since the term “restorative justice” itself seems to be a concern for many crime victims and those who serve them, it would be helpful to begin anew. Perha ...
... It is this equal footing or standing that is implied in various descriptions of restorative justice that concerns many in the victim community. Since the term “restorative justice” itself seems to be a concern for many crime victims and those who serve them, it would be helpful to begin anew. Perha ...
United Nations Principles and Guidelines on Access to Legal Aid in
... or imprisoned,9 suspected10 or accused of, or charged with a criminal offence, while expanding legal aid to include others who come into contact with the criminal justice system and diversifying legal aid delivery schemes. 11. The Principles and Guidelines are based on the recognition that States s ...
... or imprisoned,9 suspected10 or accused of, or charged with a criminal offence, while expanding legal aid to include others who come into contact with the criminal justice system and diversifying legal aid delivery schemes. 11. The Principles and Guidelines are based on the recognition that States s ...
Adolescent Criminal Responsibility, Proportionality, and Sentencing
... and waive jurisdiction if she finds that a youth is not amenable to treatment or poses a threat to public safety." Legislatures may exclude serious offenses from juvenile court jurisdiction and youths charged with those crimes are tried in criminal court without any hearing. A dozen states give pros ...
... and waive jurisdiction if she finds that a youth is not amenable to treatment or poses a threat to public safety." Legislatures may exclude serious offenses from juvenile court jurisdiction and youths charged with those crimes are tried in criminal court without any hearing. A dozen states give pros ...
NCSC Sentencing Survey Report - National Center for State Courts
... Survey Research Associates International (PSRAI). For results based on the total sample, the overall margin of sampling error is plus or minus three percentage points. The report begins with an executive summary that highlights the key findings concerning the public’s attitudes toward sentencing and ...
... Survey Research Associates International (PSRAI). For results based on the total sample, the overall margin of sampling error is plus or minus three percentage points. The report begins with an executive summary that highlights the key findings concerning the public’s attitudes toward sentencing and ...
United States Counter Piracy and Maritime Security Action Plan
... increased trading costs. The lack of regional stability, coupled with corruption, further facilitated the spread of piracy off the Horn of Africa (HOA), as criminals had little disincentive or constraint to discontinue the lucrative practice. The increase in the pirates’ wealth led to the expansion ...
... increased trading costs. The lack of regional stability, coupled with corruption, further facilitated the spread of piracy off the Horn of Africa (HOA), as criminals had little disincentive or constraint to discontinue the lucrative practice. The increase in the pirates’ wealth led to the expansion ...
The Emerging Criminal War on Sex Offenders
... There is almost no theoretical work concerning when ordinary law enforcement escalates into a criminal war. While many scholars have written about the War on Drugs,16 a general war on crime,17 or other specific criminal wars,18 the definition of a “criminal war” has largely been taken for granted. T ...
... There is almost no theoretical work concerning when ordinary law enforcement escalates into a criminal war. While many scholars have written about the War on Drugs,16 a general war on crime,17 or other specific criminal wars,18 the definition of a “criminal war” has largely been taken for granted. T ...
The Globalization of Juvenile Justice
... of the judiciary in the U.S. to address the unfolding dimensions of recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions, which invoke a constitutional norm concerning life sentences for juvenile offenders that is compatible with that found in the Convention on the Rights of Children. A concept of the globalization ...
... of the judiciary in the U.S. to address the unfolding dimensions of recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions, which invoke a constitutional norm concerning life sentences for juvenile offenders that is compatible with that found in the Convention on the Rights of Children. A concept of the globalization ...
Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions
... This Article adds to the burgeoning literature that explores the various collateral consequences that attach to criminal convictions in the United States. These consequences include ineligibility for public and government-assisted housing, public benefits, and various forms of employment, as well as ...
... This Article adds to the burgeoning literature that explores the various collateral consequences that attach to criminal convictions in the United States. These consequences include ineligibility for public and government-assisted housing, public benefits, and various forms of employment, as well as ...
1 Kantian Moral Psychology Michelle A. Schwarze Ph.D. Candidate
... speculative philosophy – for whom morality is “more properly felt than judg’d of” (Treatise of Human Nature III.I.2.1). For the Scots, moral worth (and moral approbation) is based on perception rather than reason. Kant claims, however, that moral worth is imbued in action only by our choice to act i ...
... speculative philosophy – for whom morality is “more properly felt than judg’d of” (Treatise of Human Nature III.I.2.1). For the Scots, moral worth (and moral approbation) is based on perception rather than reason. Kant claims, however, that moral worth is imbued in action only by our choice to act i ...
Lubanga and its Implications for Victims Seeking Reparations at the
... A state in transition is extremely fragile and volatile. More often than not, post-conflict societies must deal with dysfunctional institutions, limited resources and traumatised populations in an environment marked by huge failures in the judicial sector and a lack of public confidence in the gover ...
... A state in transition is extremely fragile and volatile. More often than not, post-conflict societies must deal with dysfunctional institutions, limited resources and traumatised populations in an environment marked by huge failures in the judicial sector and a lack of public confidence in the gover ...
Crime
In ordinary language, the term crime denotes an unlawful act punishable by a state. The term ""crime"" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual or individuals but also to a community, society or the state (""a public wrong""). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.The notion that acts such as murder, rape and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is defined by criminal law of each country. While many have a catalogue of crimes called the criminal code, in some common law countries no such comprehensive statute exists.The state (government) has the power to severely restrict one's liberty for committing a crime. In modern societies, there are procedures to which investigations and trials must adhere. If found guilty, an offender may be sentenced to a form of reparation such as a community sentence, or, depending on the nature of their offence, to undergo imprisonment, life imprisonment or, in some jurisdictions, execution.Usually, to be classified as a crime, the ""act of doing something criminal"" (actus reus) must – with certain exceptions – be accompanied by the ""intention to do something criminal"" (mens rea).While every crime violates the law, not every violation of the law counts as a crime. Breaches of private law (torts and breaches of contract) are not automatically punished by the state, but can be enforced through civil procedure.