I. Drugs, crime and violence: the microlevel impact
... members of communities whose daily lives are affected by changing drug cultures. 18. Consideration also needs to be given to other relevant factors shaping the relationship between drugs and crime over time, such as the general state of the economy and, in particular, levels of unemployment. The imp ...
... members of communities whose daily lives are affected by changing drug cultures. 18. Consideration also needs to be given to other relevant factors shaping the relationship between drugs and crime over time, such as the general state of the economy and, in particular, levels of unemployment. The imp ...
Kansas City, Missouri Smart Policing Initiative
... such as citizen satisfaction with the police and fear of crime, but there was little evidence regarding its impact on crime (e.g., the Newark Foot Patrol Experiment; the Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program).10 One possible explanation for the lack of crime impact from the early studies is that most foo ...
... such as citizen satisfaction with the police and fear of crime, but there was little evidence regarding its impact on crime (e.g., the Newark Foot Patrol Experiment; the Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program).10 One possible explanation for the lack of crime impact from the early studies is that most foo ...
Designed to fail - Department of Sociology
... Every detainee is investigated further through the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) computer database. The NCIC contains arrest and judicial information from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, federal, state, local, and foreign criminal justice agencies. These official records were used in ...
... Every detainee is investigated further through the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) computer database. The NCIC contains arrest and judicial information from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, federal, state, local, and foreign criminal justice agencies. These official records were used in ...
The Effect of Prison Population
... Clearly, however, one cannot conclude that the increased levels of incarceration have been a failure simply based on such time-series patterns. To the extent that the underlying determinants of crime, such as gang involvement, the increase in singleparent families [Bane 1986], and the declining avai ...
... Clearly, however, one cannot conclude that the increased levels of incarceration have been a failure simply based on such time-series patterns. To the extent that the underlying determinants of crime, such as gang involvement, the increase in singleparent families [Bane 1986], and the declining avai ...
Data_appendix
... mandatory arrest law states, then the count constructed in this paper could reflect this rather than a true effect from the mandatory arrest law policy. I begin to determine the consequences of missing offender data on the identification by testing if the probability that the victim-offender relati ...
... mandatory arrest law states, then the count constructed in this paper could reflect this rather than a true effect from the mandatory arrest law policy. I begin to determine the consequences of missing offender data on the identification by testing if the probability that the victim-offender relati ...
Perpetuating the Marginalization of Latinos
... protecting communities, and criminal behavior." These justifications have been too easily accepted; government officials and politicians have been allowed to create, pass, and enforce laws that would be given greater scrutiny if allegations of protection and security to our country and its citizens ...
... protecting communities, and criminal behavior." These justifications have been too easily accepted; government officials and politicians have been allowed to create, pass, and enforce laws that would be given greater scrutiny if allegations of protection and security to our country and its citizens ...
Life sentences in countries that practice inhuman sentencing.
... Persons aged 913 may not be sentenced to imprisonment “unless the court is of the opinion that the individual in question is of so unruly a character that he cannot be detained in a convenient Government establishment or an institution or that he is so depraved a character that he is not a fit p ...
... Persons aged 913 may not be sentenced to imprisonment “unless the court is of the opinion that the individual in question is of so unruly a character that he cannot be detained in a convenient Government establishment or an institution or that he is so depraved a character that he is not a fit p ...
IMPROVING JUVENILE JUSTICE
... The way in which children, who are victims of the conditions in which they are living and children who have violated the law are approached, treated, rehabilitated, disciplined and punished, is essentially a reflection of that society’s culture and value system. This is expressed in its vision on ch ...
... The way in which children, who are victims of the conditions in which they are living and children who have violated the law are approached, treated, rehabilitated, disciplined and punished, is essentially a reflection of that society’s culture and value system. This is expressed in its vision on ch ...
Link - International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect
... the International Criminal Court, ad hoc international and mixed tribunals, truth commissions, public sector vetting and reparations for victims. The work of the United Nations in the field had taught the Organization many lessons, he said. The first was that, to be successful, peace-building activi ...
... the International Criminal Court, ad hoc international and mixed tribunals, truth commissions, public sector vetting and reparations for victims. The work of the United Nations in the field had taught the Organization many lessons, he said. The first was that, to be successful, peace-building activi ...
Proposition 47 - McGeorge School of Law
... Penal Code Section 666 creates a petty theft enhancement so that any person convicted of three or more theft-related crimes 19 and who is subsequently convicted of petty theft can be charged with a felony as opposed to a misdemeanor. The initiative removes this enhancement. Instead of the enhancemen ...
... Penal Code Section 666 creates a petty theft enhancement so that any person convicted of three or more theft-related crimes 19 and who is subsequently convicted of petty theft can be charged with a felony as opposed to a misdemeanor. The initiative removes this enhancement. Instead of the enhancemen ...
Socialogical mainstream theories of crime Chapter_6
... a disregard for law (Fox, 1976, p. 115). Anomie, literally from the Greek “without norms,” as used by Durkheim involves a moral malaise; a lack of clear-cut norms with which to guide human conduct (normlessness). It may occur as a pervasive condition in society because of a failure of individuals to ...
... a disregard for law (Fox, 1976, p. 115). Anomie, literally from the Greek “without norms,” as used by Durkheim involves a moral malaise; a lack of clear-cut norms with which to guide human conduct (normlessness). It may occur as a pervasive condition in society because of a failure of individuals to ...
Did Getting Tough on Crime Pay?
... sentences, and guideline-based sentences. Of the reforms, mandatory prison sentences have been the most popular. These have been aimed primarily at persons who commit violent crimes, who use weapons in the commission of their crimes, who are repeat or habitual offenders, or who are high-profile drug ...
... sentences, and guideline-based sentences. Of the reforms, mandatory prison sentences have been the most popular. These have been aimed primarily at persons who commit violent crimes, who use weapons in the commission of their crimes, who are repeat or habitual offenders, or who are high-profile drug ...
chapter one: defining and proving crimes
... 1. The three elements of the “working definition of crime” are ____________________, ______________________, and _____________________________. 2. The two fundamental principles that underlie criminal law’s requirement for a physical act are _____________________ or _______________________. 3 The cr ...
... 1. The three elements of the “working definition of crime” are ____________________, ______________________, and _____________________________. 2. The two fundamental principles that underlie criminal law’s requirement for a physical act are _____________________ or _______________________. 3 The cr ...
Campus Personal Safety and Security
... communication and action to reduce or eliminate security and safety threats and hazards. Therefore, it is the policy of Southern Technical College that all students and employees of STC campuses are to report criminal acts and safety hazards or occurrences known to them. The proper reporting procedu ...
... communication and action to reduce or eliminate security and safety threats and hazards. Therefore, it is the policy of Southern Technical College that all students and employees of STC campuses are to report criminal acts and safety hazards or occurrences known to them. The proper reporting procedu ...
thePDF - Stanford Law Review
... of its utility at achieving the goals of the criminal justice system. Thus, where the two sides differ is not over methodology but over whether crime control and respect for the law is best achieved through a system focused on desert or through a prevention-based regime that is sensitive to desert o ...
... of its utility at achieving the goals of the criminal justice system. Thus, where the two sides differ is not over methodology but over whether crime control and respect for the law is best achieved through a system focused on desert or through a prevention-based regime that is sensitive to desert o ...
CHAPTER 2 Utilitarian and Deontological Approaches to Criminal
... Stuart Mill (1979). Utilitarianism is classified as a consequentialist ethical theory. In other words, the utilitarian holds that we judge the morality of an action in terms of the consequences or results of that action. Mill states: “All action is for the sake of some end, and rules of action, it s ...
... Stuart Mill (1979). Utilitarianism is classified as a consequentialist ethical theory. In other words, the utilitarian holds that we judge the morality of an action in terms of the consequences or results of that action. Mill states: “All action is for the sake of some end, and rules of action, it s ...
A Challenge For Proportionality - Irish Sentencing Information System
... The criminal record of a defendant may become an issue at different stages of the criminal process. At an informal level, the holder of such a record is sometimes more likely than others to become a suspect in a criminal investigation. Police investigating a burglary, for example, may well turn thei ...
... The criminal record of a defendant may become an issue at different stages of the criminal process. At an informal level, the holder of such a record is sometimes more likely than others to become a suspect in a criminal investigation. Police investigating a burglary, for example, may well turn thei ...
Kellar
... always the situation in county government environments) rehabilitation programs will predictably be relegated to a second class status. 2. The Sheriff’s Political Imperative To fully appreciate the political realities of county jails, one must first understand the nature of the office of county sher ...
... always the situation in county government environments) rehabilitation programs will predictably be relegated to a second class status. 2. The Sheriff’s Political Imperative To fully appreciate the political realities of county jails, one must first understand the nature of the office of county sher ...
DBS - Radnorshire Healthy Friendships
... responsibilities for dependants, age (in so much as our organisation caters for adults only), physical or other disability or offending background that does not create a risk to children or vulnerable adults. Healthy Friendships will ensure that any criminal record information given by an individual ...
... responsibilities for dependants, age (in so much as our organisation caters for adults only), physical or other disability or offending background that does not create a risk to children or vulnerable adults. Healthy Friendships will ensure that any criminal record information given by an individual ...
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
... quality of life. In other words, if a site is laid out well, the likelihood of it being targeted for a crime may be reduced. Crime Prevention is defined as the anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of some action to remove or reduce it. CPTED takes crime preventi ...
... quality of life. In other words, if a site is laid out well, the likelihood of it being targeted for a crime may be reduced. Crime Prevention is defined as the anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of some action to remove or reduce it. CPTED takes crime preventi ...
eleventh united nations congress - United Nations Office on Drugs
... 51-Inspection of places of detention ..................................................................................................................................... 48 52-Victims’ rights: principles and realities ................................................................................. ...
... 51-Inspection of places of detention ..................................................................................................................................... 48 52-Victims’ rights: principles and realities ................................................................................. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DRAWN INTO VIOLENCE:
... The 1979, 1986, and 1991 waves of the SISFCF used in this analysis contain information on 6642, 6612, and 6631 male inmates subjected to the drafts, respectively. In selecting an appropriate sample to analyze, there is a tradeoff between ease of interpretation of the results and sample size. The mos ...
... The 1979, 1986, and 1991 waves of the SISFCF used in this analysis contain information on 6642, 6612, and 6631 male inmates subjected to the drafts, respectively. In selecting an appropriate sample to analyze, there is a tradeoff between ease of interpretation of the results and sample size. The mos ...
Crime
In ordinary language, the term crime denotes an unlawful act punishable by a state. The term ""crime"" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual or individuals but also to a community, society or the state (""a public wrong""). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.The notion that acts such as murder, rape and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is defined by criminal law of each country. While many have a catalogue of crimes called the criminal code, in some common law countries no such comprehensive statute exists.The state (government) has the power to severely restrict one's liberty for committing a crime. In modern societies, there are procedures to which investigations and trials must adhere. If found guilty, an offender may be sentenced to a form of reparation such as a community sentence, or, depending on the nature of their offence, to undergo imprisonment, life imprisonment or, in some jurisdictions, execution.Usually, to be classified as a crime, the ""act of doing something criminal"" (actus reus) must – with certain exceptions – be accompanied by the ""intention to do something criminal"" (mens rea).While every crime violates the law, not every violation of the law counts as a crime. Breaches of private law (torts and breaches of contract) are not automatically punished by the state, but can be enforced through civil procedure.