1. glucose is broken down to pyruvate in the cytoplasm;
... FADH2 / NADH donates electrons / hydrogen to electron transport chain (reject donates H+); electrons release energy as they pass along the chain; oxygen final electron acceptor; production of water; builds up proton gradient / protons pumped across inner membrane; protons flow into matrix of mitocho ...
... FADH2 / NADH donates electrons / hydrogen to electron transport chain (reject donates H+); electrons release energy as they pass along the chain; oxygen final electron acceptor; production of water; builds up proton gradient / protons pumped across inner membrane; protons flow into matrix of mitocho ...
Parts of a Flower
... • Vascular plants have roots, stems and leaves. The leaves contain stomata-openings for gas and water exchange. The cuticle - a waxy waterproof coating. • Reproduce - sexually through meiosis and asexually by spores and fragmentation. • Transport tissues - phloem and xylem. ...
... • Vascular plants have roots, stems and leaves. The leaves contain stomata-openings for gas and water exchange. The cuticle - a waxy waterproof coating. • Reproduce - sexually through meiosis and asexually by spores and fragmentation. • Transport tissues - phloem and xylem. ...
Year 9 Respiration QUICK VERSION
... • Further from the sun the colder they are, except Venus (greenhouse effect) • Further from the sun they take longer to orbit (travel slower and have to go further) • Inner planets – small, rocky, few moons • Outer planets – large, mainly gas, lots of moons ...
... • Further from the sun the colder they are, except Venus (greenhouse effect) • Further from the sun they take longer to orbit (travel slower and have to go further) • Inner planets – small, rocky, few moons • Outer planets – large, mainly gas, lots of moons ...
Reading Guide for Week 4
... environmental conditions that different bacteria could grow (colonize) in. Now that our bacteria have attached and their environmental conditions are right, let’s go inside the bacteria to find out how they grow and get a sense of the immense diversity of prokaryotic metabolism. In this week’s readi ...
... environmental conditions that different bacteria could grow (colonize) in. Now that our bacteria have attached and their environmental conditions are right, let’s go inside the bacteria to find out how they grow and get a sense of the immense diversity of prokaryotic metabolism. In this week’s readi ...
Document
... Photosynthesis: proteins and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced Respiration: lipids and water are used and carbon dioxide and glucose are produced. Respiration: glucose and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced. Photosynthesis: carbon dioxide and water are ...
... Photosynthesis: proteins and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced Respiration: lipids and water are used and carbon dioxide and glucose are produced. Respiration: glucose and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced. Photosynthesis: carbon dioxide and water are ...
• B2.1.1 Cells and cell structure • B2.1.2 Dissolved substances No
... Released energy is used for: To build up larger molecules using smaller ones. In animals, to enable muscles to contract. In mammals and birds, to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings. In plants, to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which are the ...
... Released energy is used for: To build up larger molecules using smaller ones. In animals, to enable muscles to contract. In mammals and birds, to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings. In plants, to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which are the ...
Chemical Basis of Life
... first 20 elements), # of proton, # of neutrons, # of electrons, the # of rings for any element. You should also be able to tell me the relationship between the different elements in each respective column. ...
... first 20 elements), # of proton, # of neutrons, # of electrons, the # of rings for any element. You should also be able to tell me the relationship between the different elements in each respective column. ...
unit 2 – the chemistry of life
... The cellular functions of all four organic compounds. The four structural levels that proteins can go through to reach their final shape (conformation) and the denaturing impact that heat and pH can have on protein structure. I. OVERVIEW: A new level of hierarchy is reached when small molecule ...
... The cellular functions of all four organic compounds. The four structural levels that proteins can go through to reach their final shape (conformation) and the denaturing impact that heat and pH can have on protein structure. I. OVERVIEW: A new level of hierarchy is reached when small molecule ...
Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES
... – Substrate binds to enzyme at active site – Enzymes act on substrates to reduce energy needed to make product – Substrate is changed – Enzyme separates from products and can form an association with another substrate – Enzyme, as a catalyst is not used up in the reaction – Increases reaction rate ...
... – Substrate binds to enzyme at active site – Enzymes act on substrates to reduce energy needed to make product – Substrate is changed – Enzyme separates from products and can form an association with another substrate – Enzyme, as a catalyst is not used up in the reaction – Increases reaction rate ...
Cellular Respiration Guided Reading Notes Section 7
... 36. What gas is a waste product produced in the Krebs cycle? 37. The _________________________________ is the second part of aerobic respiration. 38. Where does the ETS take place in eukaryotic cells? 39. _________________________ is made in the ETS when NADH and FADH2 release ______________________ ...
... 36. What gas is a waste product produced in the Krebs cycle? 37. The _________________________________ is the second part of aerobic respiration. 38. Where does the ETS take place in eukaryotic cells? 39. _________________________ is made in the ETS when NADH and FADH2 release ______________________ ...
Biochemical Basis of Life FD
... cells generally work best at temperatures close to 37°C, the normal temperature of the human body. pH – Enzymes work best at certain pH values. For example, the stomach enzyme pepsin, which begins protein digestion, works best under acidic conditions. Regulatory Molecules- The activities of most ...
... cells generally work best at temperatures close to 37°C, the normal temperature of the human body. pH – Enzymes work best at certain pH values. For example, the stomach enzyme pepsin, which begins protein digestion, works best under acidic conditions. Regulatory Molecules- The activities of most ...
The Chemistry of Life
... • Carbon dioxide can build up in the blood to dangerous levels • When carbonic anhydrase is present, the reaction takes place immediately • Carbon dioxide gets removed quickly from the blood ...
... • Carbon dioxide can build up in the blood to dangerous levels • When carbonic anhydrase is present, the reaction takes place immediately • Carbon dioxide gets removed quickly from the blood ...
Plant Biology Power Point
... • Unlike the other plant groups, angiosperms are often fertilized with the aid of animals: insects, birds, bats, that carry the pollen from one plant to another. The plants and their pollinators have coevolved in a symbiotic relationship. • Flowers produce the visual signals and the scents that poll ...
... • Unlike the other plant groups, angiosperms are often fertilized with the aid of animals: insects, birds, bats, that carry the pollen from one plant to another. The plants and their pollinators have coevolved in a symbiotic relationship. • Flowers produce the visual signals and the scents that poll ...
Midterm 2013 Review
... 1. Enzymes are a class of Proteins that assist in chemical reactions by speeding up the reaction. They act as Biological Catalysts. 2. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to get the reaction ...
... 1. Enzymes are a class of Proteins that assist in chemical reactions by speeding up the reaction. They act as Biological Catalysts. 2. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to get the reaction ...
L10v02a_-_glycolysis.stamped_doc
... worth about three ATP each so we've made basically 10 molecules of ATP here although six will be coming later. [00:03:46.71] And then finally pyruvate is the molecule that will be shuttled into the mitochondria for the citric acid cycle. [00:03:53.52] I'd like to look at a detail of step three in g ...
... worth about three ATP each so we've made basically 10 molecules of ATP here although six will be coming later. [00:03:46.71] And then finally pyruvate is the molecule that will be shuttled into the mitochondria for the citric acid cycle. [00:03:53.52] I'd like to look at a detail of step three in g ...
Mitochondrial Function, Cellular Energy Flux and Hypoxia Analysis
... Easy “mix and measure” protocols, compatible with a range of commercial assays for mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular ATP levels. Routinely configured as a screen for drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. ...
... Easy “mix and measure” protocols, compatible with a range of commercial assays for mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular ATP levels. Routinely configured as a screen for drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. ...
2401_Ch2.pdf
... proceed from reactants to products or from products back to reactants When the rate of forward to reverse direction reaction is equal the reaction is said to be in equilibrium For a reaction in equilibrium the ratio of reactants to products remains constant ...
... proceed from reactants to products or from products back to reactants When the rate of forward to reverse direction reaction is equal the reaction is said to be in equilibrium For a reaction in equilibrium the ratio of reactants to products remains constant ...
ECOLOGY FRQ`s 2014 #5. Genetically modified crops have been
... Choose FOUR of the above and for each example chosen, (a) IDENTIFY the participants involved in the symbiosis and DESCRIBE the symbiotic relationship and (b) DISCUSS the specific benefit or detriment, if any, that each participant receives from the relationship. _____________________________________ ...
... Choose FOUR of the above and for each example chosen, (a) IDENTIFY the participants involved in the symbiosis and DESCRIBE the symbiotic relationship and (b) DISCUSS the specific benefit or detriment, if any, that each participant receives from the relationship. _____________________________________ ...
PAST ECOLOGY FRQ`s
... Choose FOUR of the above and for each example chosen, (a) IDENTIFY the participants involved in the symbiosis and DESCRIBE the symbiotic relationship and (b) DISCUSS the specific benefit or detriment, if any, that each participant receives from the relationship. _____________________________________ ...
... Choose FOUR of the above and for each example chosen, (a) IDENTIFY the participants involved in the symbiosis and DESCRIBE the symbiotic relationship and (b) DISCUSS the specific benefit or detriment, if any, that each participant receives from the relationship. _____________________________________ ...
Organic Chemistry #2 Vocabulary Adhesion Cohesion Atom
... polymers to form. o Carbohydrate polymers found in plants that comprise the cell wall or serves as a means to store sugar are __cellulose_______ and ____starch_____, respectively. o A carbohydrate polymer found in animals called ___glycogen_____ stores glucose in the liver. o Hydrolysis is the proce ...
... polymers to form. o Carbohydrate polymers found in plants that comprise the cell wall or serves as a means to store sugar are __cellulose_______ and ____starch_____, respectively. o A carbohydrate polymer found in animals called ___glycogen_____ stores glucose in the liver. o Hydrolysis is the proce ...
Intro to Ruminant Nutrition Reading
... To begin, let us consider the simplest living organism – the bacterium. This is really just a very simple biological machine. There are several factors that affect bacterial cell growth and division. The first is temperature. The temperature at which most bacteria grow the most efficiently is called ...
... To begin, let us consider the simplest living organism – the bacterium. This is really just a very simple biological machine. There are several factors that affect bacterial cell growth and division. The first is temperature. The temperature at which most bacteria grow the most efficiently is called ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.