Lecture 12 - plant diversity 1
... C. Ecological and economic benefits of bryophytes 1. Bryophytes were the world’s only plants for 100 million years. 2. Peat bogs are made mostly of moss called sphagnum. They contain 400 billion tons of carbon and cut down the amount of greenhouse gases. Peat is harvested, dried, and used as a f ...
... C. Ecological and economic benefits of bryophytes 1. Bryophytes were the world’s only plants for 100 million years. 2. Peat bogs are made mostly of moss called sphagnum. They contain 400 billion tons of carbon and cut down the amount of greenhouse gases. Peat is harvested, dried, and used as a f ...
Lecture 12 - plant diversity 1
... C. Ecological and economic benefits of bryophytes 1. Bryophytes were the world’s only plants for 100 million years. 2. Peat bogs are made mostly of moss called sphagnum. They contain 400 billion tons of carbon and cut down the amount of greenhouse gases. Peat is harvested, dried, and used as a f ...
... C. Ecological and economic benefits of bryophytes 1. Bryophytes were the world’s only plants for 100 million years. 2. Peat bogs are made mostly of moss called sphagnum. They contain 400 billion tons of carbon and cut down the amount of greenhouse gases. Peat is harvested, dried, and used as a f ...
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm
... showed that the production of CO2 by the extract increased when succinate was added. In fact, for every mole of succinate added, many extra moles of CO2 were produced. Explain this effect in terms of the known catabolic pathways. Ans: Succinate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle that is not ...
... showed that the production of CO2 by the extract increased when succinate was added. In fact, for every mole of succinate added, many extra moles of CO2 were produced. Explain this effect in terms of the known catabolic pathways. Ans: Succinate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle that is not ...
Biology 1 (Year 10)
... 2. The size of every block (area or volume) shows the number of plants or animals in the food chain. Pyramids of numbers can be misleading. The pyramid on the left represents a cabbage field, and the one on the right woodland. Their shapes are different even though they show the number of individual ...
... 2. The size of every block (area or volume) shows the number of plants or animals in the food chain. Pyramids of numbers can be misleading. The pyramid on the left represents a cabbage field, and the one on the right woodland. Their shapes are different even though they show the number of individual ...
Lesson Overview
... In the early 1800s, many chemists called the compounds created by organisms “organic,” believing they were fundamentally different from compounds in nonliving things. We now understand that the principles governing the chemistry of living and nonliving things are the same, but the term “organic chem ...
... In the early 1800s, many chemists called the compounds created by organisms “organic,” believing they were fundamentally different from compounds in nonliving things. We now understand that the principles governing the chemistry of living and nonliving things are the same, but the term “organic chem ...
Study Guide
... advantage of each adaptation. _________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe three similarities between modern green algae and plants. _______________________ __ ...
... advantage of each adaptation. _________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe three similarities between modern green algae and plants. _______________________ __ ...
Lab X2
... “Chlorophyll is a chlorin pigment, which is structurally similar to and produced through the same metabolic pathway as other porphyrin pigments such as heme. At the center of the chlorin ring is a magnesium ion. This was discovered in 1906, and was the first time that magnesium had been detected in ...
... “Chlorophyll is a chlorin pigment, which is structurally similar to and produced through the same metabolic pathway as other porphyrin pigments such as heme. At the center of the chlorin ring is a magnesium ion. This was discovered in 1906, and was the first time that magnesium had been detected in ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... C. Carbohydrates are broken down, or hydrolyzed, into simple sugars during digestion. 12-12. Photosynthesis A. Photosynthesis is the reverse process of the oxidation of glucose. The overall reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 6 C6H12O6 + 6O2 B. Chlorophyll is the catalyst for photosynthesis. The energy ...
... C. Carbohydrates are broken down, or hydrolyzed, into simple sugars during digestion. 12-12. Photosynthesis A. Photosynthesis is the reverse process of the oxidation of glucose. The overall reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 6 C6H12O6 + 6O2 B. Chlorophyll is the catalyst for photosynthesis. The energy ...
Respiration
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. • The movement of electrons along the electron transport chain does contribute to chemiosmosis ...
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. • The movement of electrons along the electron transport chain does contribute to chemiosmosis ...
The Living World
... Each inhalation adds from 500 milliliters (resting) to 3,000 milliliters (exercising) of additional air Each exhalation removes approximately the same volume as inhalation added ...
... Each inhalation adds from 500 milliliters (resting) to 3,000 milliliters (exercising) of additional air Each exhalation removes approximately the same volume as inhalation added ...
Plant Structure
... Stems and Roots • Many dicot stems and roots show secondary growth, in which vascular and cork cambiam give rise to secondary xylem and phloem • As secondary growth continues, wood and bark are produced ...
... Stems and Roots • Many dicot stems and roots show secondary growth, in which vascular and cork cambiam give rise to secondary xylem and phloem • As secondary growth continues, wood and bark are produced ...
Sink regulation of photosynthesis
... oxidized plastoquinone signals that PSII is rate-limiting and rapidly initiates the transcription of PSII reaction centre genes and decreases the transcription of genes encoding PSI reaction centre proteins. Reduced plastoquinone signals that PSI is rate-limiting and this initiates the transcription ...
... oxidized plastoquinone signals that PSII is rate-limiting and rapidly initiates the transcription of PSII reaction centre genes and decreases the transcription of genes encoding PSI reaction centre proteins. Reduced plastoquinone signals that PSI is rate-limiting and this initiates the transcription ...
Assessment Specifications
... This achievement standard assesses biological ideas that relate to micro-organisms selected from bacteria, fungi and viruses. Factors that affect the life processes of micro-organisms include: moisture, temperature, oxygen availability, presence of suitable nutrients, and host species, competitors r ...
... This achievement standard assesses biological ideas that relate to micro-organisms selected from bacteria, fungi and viruses. Factors that affect the life processes of micro-organisms include: moisture, temperature, oxygen availability, presence of suitable nutrients, and host species, competitors r ...
Chapter 23
... species of flowering plants The response of flowering plants to daily daylightdarkness conditions is called photoperiodism – Plant biologists originally thought that the length of daylight controlled flowering, but they now know that it is the length of darkness that controls flowering, and that the ...
... species of flowering plants The response of flowering plants to daily daylightdarkness conditions is called photoperiodism – Plant biologists originally thought that the length of daylight controlled flowering, but they now know that it is the length of darkness that controls flowering, and that the ...
Chapter 23 - SCHOOLinSITES
... species of flowering plants The response of flowering plants to daily daylightdarkness conditions is called photoperiodism – Plant biologists originally thought that the length of daylight controlled flowering, but they now know that it is the length of darkness that controls flowering, and that the ...
... species of flowering plants The response of flowering plants to daily daylightdarkness conditions is called photoperiodism – Plant biologists originally thought that the length of daylight controlled flowering, but they now know that it is the length of darkness that controls flowering, and that the ...
or respiration
... sunlight into oxygen and glucose. (In plants, algae, some bacteria) Occurs in chloroplasts ...
... sunlight into oxygen and glucose. (In plants, algae, some bacteria) Occurs in chloroplasts ...
November 2014 (v2) QP - Paper 1 CIE Biology IGCSE
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
... ! Details of ETC: The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. • The electron transport chain uses NADH and to make ATP. – high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain – energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane – hydrogen ions ...
... ! Details of ETC: The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. • The electron transport chain uses NADH and to make ATP. – high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain – energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane – hydrogen ions ...
Plants
... – Root Pressure • Solutes pumped into xylem • Ground water follows and creates pressure • Alone, not enough ...
... – Root Pressure • Solutes pumped into xylem • Ground water follows and creates pressure • Alone, not enough ...
Communities and Ecosystems
... energy into chemical energy (stored as chemical bonds in sugars and carbohydrates. ...
... energy into chemical energy (stored as chemical bonds in sugars and carbohydrates. ...
Carbohydrates
... ( 2 sugars linked by dehydration synthesis) • ex. sucrose (glucose- fructose), maltose (glucose- glucose), lactose (glucosegalactose) • Sucrose is table sugar • Lactose is milk sugar ...
... ( 2 sugars linked by dehydration synthesis) • ex. sucrose (glucose- fructose), maltose (glucose- glucose), lactose (glucosegalactose) • Sucrose is table sugar • Lactose is milk sugar ...
to view or the PHOTOSYNTHESIS Presentation
... chemical reactions The formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is written as: ...
... chemical reactions The formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is written as: ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.