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Where the Past is in the Perfect
Where the Past is in the Perfect

... Many West European languages conventionally convey past tense by means of the perfect construction, consisting of an auxiliary verb (usually have, though sometimes be) and the perfect participle (traditionally called the past participle). The perfect participle is formed by adding the perfect partic ...
Semantic Roles of Adverbial Participial Clauses
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... be different, viz. that of providing a link between a matrix clause and an absolute semantically detached from it (another cohesive tie occurring in subjectless adjuncts – subject attachment – is not employed to the same extent in absolutes). Therefore augmentation is most likely to accompany the ab ...
Morphological phrasemes and Totonacan verbal morphology*
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... (1c). In other words, these markers can be assigned specific individual mean­ ings, but when they come together, the meaning of the combination is different from the regular sum of these individual meanings. On the level of phrases (that is, multi-word expressions) this kind of treatment is routine ...
Solving the bracketing paradox: an analysis of
Solving the bracketing paradox: an analysis of

... Particle verbs always have the same inflection class as their base verb. This means that the inflectional suffix has to have access to the morphological features of the stem. This is easily accounted for in an analysis where inflectional material is combined with the stem before the particle is added, ...
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... particularly interested in those structural peculiarities that might emphasize the differences with respect to what was traditionally known from well described Indo-European languages. This historical imprint has permanently marked evidentiality as an ‘exotic’ category, whose prototype was to be fou ...
The Use of Passive Voice in the Constitution of the United States
The Use of Passive Voice in the Constitution of the United States

... Some examples where a bare passive does have an overt subject: All things considered, we’re lucky not to have been sued for a lot more. (short) My house wrecked by a tornado is something I don’t ever want to see. (long) Because the verb is in the past participle form, such clauses are always nonfini ...
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... also have a set of φ-features in order for its Case to be valued under φ-checking. Furthermore, given that such infinitival T cannot itself value the Case-feature of the embedded subject (Recall that the subject of the infinitival clause is Case-marked by a higher probe), its φ-set should be “incom ...
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... events. Since prefixes serve to form perfective and also imperfective verbal stems, not only perfective but also imperfective verbs may contain prefixes and be semantically quantized, i.e. denote events. But this also means that quantization is insufficent for semantically distinguishing perfective ...
A comparative study of participles, converbs and absolute
A comparative study of participles, converbs and absolute

... expressions of time involve nouns that have some temporal dimension to their semantics, as in at dawn, on Monday, during the lecture. ACs on the other hand have as their heads nouns which do not denote events but things (whether animate or not): […] Romulo rege ‘with Romulus as king, when Romulus wa ...
Perception and Causative Structures in English and European
Perception and Causative Structures in English and European

... given that such infinitival T cannot itself value the Case-feature of the embedded subject (Recall that the subject of the infinitival clause is Case-marked by a higher probe), its φ-set should be “incomplete”. The question then is how defective this set is. Starting with gender, there is no evidenc ...
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... structure; English shows case only in a few pronouns, such as 'he' versus 'him.' Marking of a verb which clarifies its argument structure is often called 'voice,' the distinction of active versus passive verbs in English being an example. Syntax also encodes grammatical relations in a variety of way ...
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Statives and Reciprocal Morphology in Swahili
Statives and Reciprocal Morphology in Swahili

... Subject agreement is almost always mandatory for finite verbs, but the use of the object marker is optional (subject to subtle discourse factors).2 Object marking is possible with every semantic class of objects, although it is more frequent with animate objects. A verb can carry several derivationa ...
sf anish event infinitives: from lexical semantics to syntax
sf anish event infinitives: from lexical semantics to syntax

... nominal and verbal domains co-occur, though great variety is observed in both analyses and representations. 2 The morphological as opposed to the syntactic origin of such configurations has been another point of debate (de Miguel 1996, in the line of Picallo 1991 for Catalan). Only recently have the ...
deverbal noun complementation rules applied to semantic
deverbal noun complementation rules applied to semantic

... The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In section 1, we present the linguistic aspects involved in the formation, the behavior, and the semantic characterization of deverbal noun predicators; in section 2 the computational task of semantic role labeling is described, first, in general t ...
Situation entity types (annotation manual).
Situation entity types (annotation manual).

... We limit the annotation of Abstract Entities to the clausal complements of certain licensing predicates, as well as clauses modified by a certain class of adverbs (see Section 4.2.4), as it is not always possible to identify sentences directly expressing Facts or Propositions on linguistic grounds ...
Typological variation of the adjectival class
Typological variation of the adjectival class

... Ask a layperson what they know about grammar and you are likely to get an answer that has something to do with parts of speech; ask a linguist what they know about parts of speech and the answer is quite likely to be much less enlightening. Parts of speech systems or, as I will refer to them here, l ...
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Causative

In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated CAUS) is a valency-increasing operation that indicates that a subject causes someone or something else to do or be something, or causes a change in state of a non-volitional event. Prototypically, it brings in a new argument (the causer), A, into a transitive clause, with the original S becoming the O.All languages have ways to express causation, but differ in the means. Most, if not all languages have lexical causative forms (such as English rise → raise, lie → lay, sit → set). Some languages also have morphological devices (such as inflection) that change verbs into their causative forms, or adjectives into verbs of becoming. Other languages employ periphrasis, with idiomatic expressions or auxiliary verbs. There also tends to be a link between how ""compact"" a causative device is and its semantic meaning.Note that the prototypical English causative is make, rather than cause. Linguistic terms traditionally are given names with a Romance root, which has led some to believe that cause is the more prototypical. While cause is a causative, it carries some lexical meaning (it implies direct causation) and is less common than make. Also, while most other English causative verbs require a to complement clause (e.g. ""My mom caused me to eat broccoli""), make does not (e.g. ""My mom made me eat broccoli""), at least when not being used in the passive.
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