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8 Causatives - Blackwell Publishing
8 Causatives - Blackwell Publishing

... the causative sentence. This is most clearly seen in the constructions where the verb stem is intransitive, and the causee may be marked with the accusative or the dative, as in (1) and (2). As originally noted by Kuroda (1965b) and in many subsequent works (e.g. S.-I. Harada 1973, C. Kitagawa 1974, ...
Productive verb prefixation patterns
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... The question is how to treat intensified verbs within automatic language processing, namely how to lemmatize them. It is commonly accepted that a lemma has the same prefix as all of the word-forms which can be derived from it. The exception for the Czech and Slovak are the negation prefix neand superla ...
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LIN1180 Semantics Lecture 11
LIN1180 Semantics Lecture 11

...  Q: For how long did John push the cart?  perfectly legitimate question, focuses on the time the activity took  Q: How long did it take to push the cart?  strange question, focuses on the end-point of the activity, which is not implied by the sentence  NB: question becomes OK if our sentence is ...
Parts of a Sentence - Northwestern School District
Parts of a Sentence - Northwestern School District

... Using the four sentence types, you can vary the tone and mood of your writing. Read the four sentences below with expression. Notice how your tone of voice changes to convey the different meaning of each sentence. ...
Unaccusativity and Underspecification in Urdu
Unaccusativity and Underspecification in Urdu

... • Only the verb cannot decide the syntactic properties of the clauses. The other parts of the clause also contribute to grammatical validity/invalidity of the sentences (related to syntactic tests of unaccusativity.) • We disagree with the proposals of introducing two lexical entries for “irregular” ...
Grammar: Complements What are they? How do I find them?
Grammar: Complements What are they? How do I find them?

... never the direct or indirect object—”for Haley” is a prepositional phrase.) 2. mom=subject / made = verb / teachers = IO / treats = DO 3. members = subject / held = verb / party = DO 4. audience = subject / cheered = verb / actors = DO 5. Miss Dempsey = subject / gave = verb / students = IO / merits ...
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The Transfer Phase In an English-Japanese
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Running head: PHRASAL AND PREPOSITIONAL VERBS 1 Phrasal
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... This second pattern can also be seen in passive constructions “where the noun phrase corresponding to the direct object has been placed in subject position” (e.g. I think the media is falsely accused of a lot of things; People falsely accuse the media of a lot of things) (Biber et al., 1999, p. 414) ...
historical aspect of the accusative with infinitive and the content
historical aspect of the accusative with infinitive and the content

... of verbs. In relation to instances of the first column they are marked and the mark is rather difficult to express by a single term, which all the same might be misleading. I think it more suitable to explain first what I suppose the function of these constructions to be. Complements of this kind ar ...
Lexical Semantics … cont`d
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... Iraq'" has a number of verbal extenSIOns, among whIch a suffix -t whose baSIC meanmg IS that of rmddle vOIce' Iraqw IS III the fortunate pOSItIOn of havmg a mIddle den, \I e are very grateful to Roland Klesslmg and Elthne Carhn for commentmg on an earlier versIOn of thIs paper The Iraqw orthC'graphy ...
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Full PDF

... The importance of English grammar cannot be overstressed thus Murthy (2007) says that ‗as far as English language is concerned, the grammar has greater importance and significance in practical life‘. He further opines that ‗unless we have mastered grammar, we do or cannot speak or write English corr ...
Ingmar Söhrman* The Position of Clitics in Phrases with an Infinite
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... The Position of Clitics in Phrases with an Infinite Verb Form in Romance Languages It is generally held that the original Indo-European word-order is SOV1, but this changed over time, and SVO is now a common feature of Indo-European languages. J.H. Greenberg argued that ”if in a language the verb fo ...
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On Mending a Torn Dress: The Frame Problem

... semantic opposition obtains, there is no reason to assume any change in property status. In other words, there is no reason to conclude that the dress changes color from red in (1b). In this paper, we make precise the nature of the semantic opposition with respect to the network of synonym/antonym r ...
historical aspect of the accusative with infinitive and the content
historical aspect of the accusative with infinitive and the content

... I should like to suggest that they can be imagined as standing between two poles: between the sentence pole and the non-sentence (nearer the lexicon) pole. On the one hand there is the ordinary simple sentence, on the other hand there are verbs complemented by two objects without any trace of the pr ...
Lecture 5 X-bar Theory and the Structure of the Sentence
Lecture 5 X-bar Theory and the Structure of the Sentence

... by '"he". We retain the important fact that transformations operate on constituents. We saw above that PSRs give the structure of phrases. To make this thing more conspicuous consider the following examples: ...
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Stem-changing verbs - Gordon State College
Stem-changing verbs - Gordon State College

... There is a fairly large group of verbs in Spanish that undergo changes in their stem when conjugated in the present tense. These changes occur only in the first and second persons singular and third persons singular and plural. When a line is drawn around the forms that change, the resulting shape ...
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Semantic constrains on the cause-motion construction
Semantic constrains on the cause-motion construction

... productive connections between projectionist and constructional approaches to the relationship between lexicon and grammar. In general, the projectionist view (e.g. Dik, 1997; Pustejovsky, 1991; Van Valin, 2005) postulates that syntax is motivated by the semantic configuration of the predicate-argu ...
Lecture 04 - ELTE / SEAS
Lecture 04 - ELTE / SEAS

... The first two cases are difficult to explain as there are very similar verbs (give and tell) which do allow both dative and DO constructions The last case shows that the two constructions can mean different things ...
Lesson_4_Verbs_Phrasal_Verbs_Verb_Phrases_and_Conditionals
Lesson_4_Verbs_Phrasal_Verbs_Verb_Phrases_and_Conditionals

... 4.1 Phrasal Verbs and other Multi-word Verbs Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called “multi-word verbs.” Multi-word verbs, including phrasal verbs, are very common, especially in spoken English. A multi-word verb is a verb like “pick up,” “turn on” or “get on with.” For convenience, ...
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Causative

In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated CAUS) is a valency-increasing operation that indicates that a subject causes someone or something else to do or be something, or causes a change in state of a non-volitional event. Prototypically, it brings in a new argument (the causer), A, into a transitive clause, with the original S becoming the O.All languages have ways to express causation, but differ in the means. Most, if not all languages have lexical causative forms (such as English rise → raise, lie → lay, sit → set). Some languages also have morphological devices (such as inflection) that change verbs into their causative forms, or adjectives into verbs of becoming. Other languages employ periphrasis, with idiomatic expressions or auxiliary verbs. There also tends to be a link between how ""compact"" a causative device is and its semantic meaning.Note that the prototypical English causative is make, rather than cause. Linguistic terms traditionally are given names with a Romance root, which has led some to believe that cause is the more prototypical. While cause is a causative, it carries some lexical meaning (it implies direct causation) and is less common than make. Also, while most other English causative verbs require a to complement clause (e.g. ""My mom caused me to eat broccoli""), make does not (e.g. ""My mom made me eat broccoli""), at least when not being used in the passive.
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