apbio ch 9 study guide
... In the combustion of methane to form water and carbon dioxide, the nonpolar covalent bonds of methane (C—H) and oxygen (O=O) are converted to polar covalent bonds (C=O and O— H). When methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons end up farther away from the carbon atom and closer to ...
... In the combustion of methane to form water and carbon dioxide, the nonpolar covalent bonds of methane (C—H) and oxygen (O=O) are converted to polar covalent bonds (C=O and O— H). When methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons end up farther away from the carbon atom and closer to ...
Reece9e_Lecture_C09
... combine with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. o As the electrons are passed along the chain, the energy released at each step in the chain is stored in a form the mitochondrion (or prokaryotic cell) can use to make ATP. o This mode of ATP synthesis is called oxidative phosphorylatio ...
... combine with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. o As the electrons are passed along the chain, the energy released at each step in the chain is stored in a form the mitochondrion (or prokaryotic cell) can use to make ATP. o This mode of ATP synthesis is called oxidative phosphorylatio ...
6-10summary
... These channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of an electrical, chemical, or physical stimulus. Some transport proteins do not provide channels but appear to actually translocate the solute-binding site and the solute across the membrane as the transport protein changes shape. ○ ...
... These channels open or close depending on the presence or absence of an electrical, chemical, or physical stimulus. Some transport proteins do not provide channels but appear to actually translocate the solute-binding site and the solute across the membrane as the transport protein changes shape. ○ ...
a new equation for calculating the number of atp molecules
... Lohmann discovered ATP and in 1948 Alexander Todd was the first to synthesize this ubiquitous molecule.[2-3] Energy is generally released from ATP molecules to do chemical, osmotic or mechanical work in the cell by a hydrolysis process by which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and in ...
... Lohmann discovered ATP and in 1948 Alexander Todd was the first to synthesize this ubiquitous molecule.[2-3] Energy is generally released from ATP molecules to do chemical, osmotic or mechanical work in the cell by a hydrolysis process by which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and in ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism-1
... cytoplasm of all tissue cells, but it is of physiological importance in: 1. Tissues with no mitochondria: mature RBCs, cornea and lens. 2. Tissues with few mitochondria: Testis, leucocytes, medulla of the ...
... cytoplasm of all tissue cells, but it is of physiological importance in: 1. Tissues with no mitochondria: mature RBCs, cornea and lens. 2. Tissues with few mitochondria: Testis, leucocytes, medulla of the ...
MS Word
... Basal GTP binding and hydrolysis (K1, k2 and K1’, k2’). The chemical step is rate-limiting for the basal GTPase reaction of cpSRP54, because the maximal rate constant of GTP hydrolysis (0.017 min-1; Figure 2A) is 4 104 -fold slower than the rate at which GTP dissociates from the enzyme active site ...
... Basal GTP binding and hydrolysis (K1, k2 and K1’, k2’). The chemical step is rate-limiting for the basal GTPase reaction of cpSRP54, because the maximal rate constant of GTP hydrolysis (0.017 min-1; Figure 2A) is 4 104 -fold slower than the rate at which GTP dissociates from the enzyme active site ...
PP - Columbia University
... concentration in this case instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when water participates in a reaction (e.g., a hydrolysis) we write “1.” • Th ...
... concentration in this case instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when water participates in a reaction (e.g., a hydrolysis) we write “1.” • Th ...
406 PRELIMINARY NOTES Formation of lysophosphatidyl
... formed. Control experiments showed that under the conditions used there were minimal competing reactions e.g., reacylating or oxidation of free fatty acid. ** No accumulation of [3H]lyso-PE was observed in these experiments. ...
... formed. Control experiments showed that under the conditions used there were minimal competing reactions e.g., reacylating or oxidation of free fatty acid. ** No accumulation of [3H]lyso-PE was observed in these experiments. ...
Answer Key 2 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... Why were rats fed with heptanoic acid (7:0) relatively healthy? (3 pts) Heptanoic acid is an odd-numbered fatty acid, which is degraded by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. Unlike acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA can be converted to oxaloacetate (OAA), which is a precursor in gluconeogenesis a ...
... Why were rats fed with heptanoic acid (7:0) relatively healthy? (3 pts) Heptanoic acid is an odd-numbered fatty acid, which is degraded by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. Unlike acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA can be converted to oxaloacetate (OAA), which is a precursor in gluconeogenesis a ...
Enzyme!
... • greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate • human enzymes = 35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C) ...
... • greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate • human enzymes = 35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C) ...
Urea cycle defects and other metabolic emergencies
... • Research done in detection of some other disorders (eg: Fabry’s disease) • Many more disorders (eg: FAOD) could be tested relatively easily using tandem MS technology; in this respect, most of Canada is lagging behind most ...
... • Research done in detection of some other disorders (eg: Fabry’s disease) • Many more disorders (eg: FAOD) could be tested relatively easily using tandem MS technology; in this respect, most of Canada is lagging behind most ...
The Physiological Significance of Mitochondrial Proton Leak in
... These results indicate that proton leak is dependent on thyroid status. If thyroid hormone was dominant in controlling proton leak activity, one might expect a positive correlation between the proton permeability of liver mitochondria and the thyroid activity of the animals they were isolated from. ...
... These results indicate that proton leak is dependent on thyroid status. If thyroid hormone was dominant in controlling proton leak activity, one might expect a positive correlation between the proton permeability of liver mitochondria and the thyroid activity of the animals they were isolated from. ...
File
... about 161,000 kcal. The energy need for a 24hour period ranges from about 1600 kcal to 6000 kcal, depending on the extent of activity. Thus, stored fuels sufficient to meet caloric needs in starvation for 1 to 3 months. However, the carbohydrate reserves are exhausted in only a day. ...
... about 161,000 kcal. The energy need for a 24hour period ranges from about 1600 kcal to 6000 kcal, depending on the extent of activity. Thus, stored fuels sufficient to meet caloric needs in starvation for 1 to 3 months. However, the carbohydrate reserves are exhausted in only a day. ...
Food Fermentation
... reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. ...
... reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy In eukaryotes, cellular respiration
... molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis. Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joi ...
... molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis. Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joi ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... The fate of dietary components after digestion and absorption constitutes metabolism the metabolic pathways taken by individual molecules, their interrelationships and the mechanisms that regulate the flow of metabolites through the pathways. However, in cells, these reactions rarely occur in isolat ...
... The fate of dietary components after digestion and absorption constitutes metabolism the metabolic pathways taken by individual molecules, their interrelationships and the mechanisms that regulate the flow of metabolites through the pathways. However, in cells, these reactions rarely occur in isolat ...
fatty acids
... The liver processes molecules to produce additional energy sources: Glycogen and amino acids are converted to glucose and fatty acids to ketones. Glucose and ketones are released into the blood and are transported to tissues. ...
... The liver processes molecules to produce additional energy sources: Glycogen and amino acids are converted to glucose and fatty acids to ketones. Glucose and ketones are released into the blood and are transported to tissues. ...
Objectives 7
... - Energy is stored as glycogen (carbohydrates), protein (amino acids) or triacylglyercols (fatty acids) - The four circulating fuels are glucose (most important), lactate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies; these provide fuel in response to specific physiological conditions - In fed and early star ...
... - Energy is stored as glycogen (carbohydrates), protein (amino acids) or triacylglyercols (fatty acids) - The four circulating fuels are glucose (most important), lactate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies; these provide fuel in response to specific physiological conditions - In fed and early star ...
PL05_Glucdisp
... – The activation of glucose prior to incorporation into glycogen requires ATP – This drops the cellular [ATP] and increases the [ADP] & [AMP] ...
... – The activation of glucose prior to incorporation into glycogen requires ATP – This drops the cellular [ATP] and increases the [ADP] & [AMP] ...
Mitochondrial Cytopathies: A Primer
... enzyme system. Cellular dysfunction will occur if not enough ATP can be generated. The tissues most affected are those where there is little post-birth mitotic activity (which would cause a selection bias towards cells with healthy mitochondria), i.e.: brain, type I skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, ...
... enzyme system. Cellular dysfunction will occur if not enough ATP can be generated. The tissues most affected are those where there is little post-birth mitotic activity (which would cause a selection bias towards cells with healthy mitochondria), i.e.: brain, type I skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.