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... markedly the binding of C14-Phe - and C14-LyssRNA, respectively. Such data directly demonstrate a triplet code and also show that codons contain three sequential bases. The template activity of triplets with 5'-terminal phosphate, pUpUpU, equals that of the corresponding tetra- and pentanucleotides; ...
... markedly the binding of C14-Phe - and C14-LyssRNA, respectively. Such data directly demonstrate a triplet code and also show that codons contain three sequential bases. The template activity of triplets with 5'-terminal phosphate, pUpUpU, equals that of the corresponding tetra- and pentanucleotides; ...
The Antibiotic Cerulenin, a Novel Tool for Biochemistry as an
... volic acid. Thus, this improved method offered sp. (T. Yamano, H. Yamamoto, and S. Itsumi, a simple procedure to produce and isolate a Japan Kokai patent 47-24156), Acrocylindrium relatively large amount of the antibiotic at one sp. (Furuya and Shirasaka, patent 45-21638), time and in a short time. ...
... volic acid. Thus, this improved method offered sp. (T. Yamano, H. Yamamoto, and S. Itsumi, a simple procedure to produce and isolate a Japan Kokai patent 47-24156), Acrocylindrium relatively large amount of the antibiotic at one sp. (Furuya and Shirasaka, patent 45-21638), time and in a short time. ...
Phosphate stabilizing compositions
... include salts and derivatives of polyaspartic acid. Polyaspartic acid, salts thereof, and derivatives of polyaspartic acid are well known and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,523,023 which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferably used is polyaspartic acid having an average molecular weight, a ...
... include salts and derivatives of polyaspartic acid. Polyaspartic acid, salts thereof, and derivatives of polyaspartic acid are well known and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,523,023 which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferably used is polyaspartic acid having an average molecular weight, a ...
Synthesis of Imidazolium Room-Temperature Ionic
... synthetic protocol for the synthesis of the ionic liquid allows not only the exploration of various reactions using ionic liquids as solvents (5, 6), but also the introduction of various concepts of green chemistry (7) and click chemistry (8). Green chemistry is based on principles that are designed ...
... synthetic protocol for the synthesis of the ionic liquid allows not only the exploration of various reactions using ionic liquids as solvents (5, 6), but also the introduction of various concepts of green chemistry (7) and click chemistry (8). Green chemistry is based on principles that are designed ...
YangSpr07
... proteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin. The amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD present on extracellular matrix proteins is known to be a requirement for binding to cell surface receptor proteins, the integrins. The binding of extracellular matrix proteins t ...
... proteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin. The amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD present on extracellular matrix proteins is known to be a requirement for binding to cell surface receptor proteins, the integrins. The binding of extracellular matrix proteins t ...
PRACTICE SET 6 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... β−oxidation. A fully saturated C20 would give 9 NADH and 9 FADH2. Because this compound has 4 double bonds, 2 odd, 2 even, 7 FADH2 and 9 NADH are produced. Unsaturations at odd carbons require only an isomerase, bypassing the first FADH2 synthesizing oxidation step. Unsaturations at an even C requir ...
... β−oxidation. A fully saturated C20 would give 9 NADH and 9 FADH2. Because this compound has 4 double bonds, 2 odd, 2 even, 7 FADH2 and 9 NADH are produced. Unsaturations at odd carbons require only an isomerase, bypassing the first FADH2 synthesizing oxidation step. Unsaturations at an even C requir ...
Why nature chose phosphate to modify proteins
... ATP/ADP ratio, which prevents the back reaction. Although phosphate esters are rather stable chemically, they can be readily hydrolysed by an appropriate enzyme catalyst under physiological conditions. The relatively high energy of phosphate monoesters ensures that once they are hydrolysed, they can ...
... ATP/ADP ratio, which prevents the back reaction. Although phosphate esters are rather stable chemically, they can be readily hydrolysed by an appropriate enzyme catalyst under physiological conditions. The relatively high energy of phosphate monoesters ensures that once they are hydrolysed, they can ...
Detailed List of Sequence Topics
... course sequence for pre-professional students (medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy and other health professions), chemical engineering students and other students, not majoring in chemistry, who require a year of organic chemistry. PREREQUISITES One year of freshman chemistry CH 121, CH 122, CH ...
... course sequence for pre-professional students (medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy and other health professions), chemical engineering students and other students, not majoring in chemistry, who require a year of organic chemistry. PREREQUISITES One year of freshman chemistry CH 121, CH 122, CH ...
Corning® Epoxide Coated Slides Instruction Manual
... Customers are encouraged to try their own phosphatebuffered spotting media in order to determine which medium produces the best results. Sodium phosphate at a concentration of 150 mM, pH 8.5, has been used very successfully on the Corning Epoxide Coated Slides. Solutions containing DMSO do not work ...
... Customers are encouraged to try their own phosphatebuffered spotting media in order to determine which medium produces the best results. Sodium phosphate at a concentration of 150 mM, pH 8.5, has been used very successfully on the Corning Epoxide Coated Slides. Solutions containing DMSO do not work ...
Pentose P Path
... NADPH, a product of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, functions as a reductant in anabolic (synthetic) pathways, e.g., fatty acid synthesis. NAD+ serves as electron acceptor in catabolic pathways, in which metabolites are oxidized. ...
... NADPH, a product of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, functions as a reductant in anabolic (synthetic) pathways, e.g., fatty acid synthesis. NAD+ serves as electron acceptor in catabolic pathways, in which metabolites are oxidized. ...
Although the administration of testosterone clearly causes marked
... adenylates (25), which are then bound to soluble RNA, forming the soluble RNA-amino acid complexes (12). In a reaction requiring guanosine triphosphate (GTP), these RNA-amino acids are then transferred into the ribosomes of the microsomes. At this step peptide bonding occurs, resulting in the format ...
... adenylates (25), which are then bound to soluble RNA, forming the soluble RNA-amino acid complexes (12). In a reaction requiring guanosine triphosphate (GTP), these RNA-amino acids are then transferred into the ribosomes of the microsomes. At this step peptide bonding occurs, resulting in the format ...
PT2009-1 Overcoming Peptide Problems by Design.indd
... set of peptides, the sequences are analysed using predictive algorithms to determine if there is likely to be any problem with peptide assembly or solubility [1,2]. The sequences are also examined for sequence-specic problems by our peptide chemists, who make the nal assessment. In instances where ...
... set of peptides, the sequences are analysed using predictive algorithms to determine if there is likely to be any problem with peptide assembly or solubility [1,2]. The sequences are also examined for sequence-specic problems by our peptide chemists, who make the nal assessment. In instances where ...
H INHIBITORS OF HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE Research Article
... conformations of the ligands in pdb format[17]. Energy minimized conformation of ligands were subjected to calculation of GasteigerHuckel charges and saved in default format of Autodock. Autodock generated 50 possible binding conformations i.e., 50 runs for each docking by using LGA search. Default ...
... conformations of the ligands in pdb format[17]. Energy minimized conformation of ligands were subjected to calculation of GasteigerHuckel charges and saved in default format of Autodock. Autodock generated 50 possible binding conformations i.e., 50 runs for each docking by using LGA search. Default ...
Incorporation of radioactive citrate into fatty acids
... The results in Fig. I also show that radioactivity from [I,5-14C2]citrate is incorporated into fatty acids. Evidence that citrate is being used for fatty acid synthesis via acetyl-CoA is provided by the results which show a decrease in counts in fatty acids from [l*C]citrate with increasing amounts ...
... The results in Fig. I also show that radioactivity from [I,5-14C2]citrate is incorporated into fatty acids. Evidence that citrate is being used for fatty acid synthesis via acetyl-CoA is provided by the results which show a decrease in counts in fatty acids from [l*C]citrate with increasing amounts ...
A hypothesis on the possible contribution of free hypoxanthine and
... of the resulting adenine into uracil, regenerating cytosine spent in amino acid synthesis. Ribosylation of the bases and polymerization of the ribonucleosides would produce the first RNAs. The prebiotic cooperative action of the purine-pyrimidine couple in amino acid synthesis could have been imprin ...
... of the resulting adenine into uracil, regenerating cytosine spent in amino acid synthesis. Ribosylation of the bases and polymerization of the ribonucleosides would produce the first RNAs. The prebiotic cooperative action of the purine-pyrimidine couple in amino acid synthesis could have been imprin ...
Toward D-peptide biosynthesis: Elongation Factor P
... Life is an anti-entropic phenomenon with two mutually-reinforcing characters: homochirality and stereospecific catalysis. The exclusive presence of L-amino acids in proteins of the living world is a prominent example of this. However, D-amino acid containing peptides (DAACP) are still present in mic ...
... Life is an anti-entropic phenomenon with two mutually-reinforcing characters: homochirality and stereospecific catalysis. The exclusive presence of L-amino acids in proteins of the living world is a prominent example of this. However, D-amino acid containing peptides (DAACP) are still present in mic ...
Acid CleavageLDeprotection in Fmoc/tBu Solid
... tBu-type-protecting groups (esters and ethers) have proven to be very useful (5). Carpino again, together with Han, introduced the Fmoc-protecting group in 1970 (6,7). The combined application of the orthogonal FmocltBu-pair in a new SPPS strategy followed in 1978 by Atherton et al. (8) and independ ...
... tBu-type-protecting groups (esters and ethers) have proven to be very useful (5). Carpino again, together with Han, introduced the Fmoc-protecting group in 1970 (6,7). The combined application of the orthogonal FmocltBu-pair in a new SPPS strategy followed in 1978 by Atherton et al. (8) and independ ...
CH 2
... 13) An important use of the NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway is in the maintenance of a reducing environment in the cell. In order to reduce oxidized sulfhydryls back to their free states in the laboratory, we use mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, but the cellular equivalent of this ...
... 13) An important use of the NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway is in the maintenance of a reducing environment in the cell. In order to reduce oxidized sulfhydryls back to their free states in the laboratory, we use mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, but the cellular equivalent of this ...
Document
... • cholesterol is the precursor of bile acids and bile salts • synthesized in the liver • stored in the gall bladder • secreted into intestine • aids digestion by emulsifying dietary lipids making them accessible to pancreatic lipases • aids intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) ...
... • cholesterol is the precursor of bile acids and bile salts • synthesized in the liver • stored in the gall bladder • secreted into intestine • aids digestion by emulsifying dietary lipids making them accessible to pancreatic lipases • aids intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) ...
15Nitrogen metabolism
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
AMİNOASİTLERİN OKSİDASYONU
... various amino acids that are in excess and collected as Glu. Thus, glutamate serves as a universal Ncarrier. For example, Glu can serve as an indicator of intracellular N supply, as well as a donor of amino groups. If there is an excess of amino groups in the system, then Glu DH removes them as ammo ...
... various amino acids that are in excess and collected as Glu. Thus, glutamate serves as a universal Ncarrier. For example, Glu can serve as an indicator of intracellular N supply, as well as a donor of amino groups. If there is an excess of amino groups in the system, then Glu DH removes them as ammo ...
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP Shunt)
... HMP shunt (PPP) is less active in skeletal muscle & non-lactating mammary glands Site:- ...
... HMP shunt (PPP) is less active in skeletal muscle & non-lactating mammary glands Site:- ...
Oligonucleotide synthesis
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acids with defined chemical structure (sequence). The technique is extremely useful in current laboratory practice because it provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of the desired sequence. Whereas enzymes synthesize DNA and RNA only in a 5' to 3' direction, chemical oligonucleotide synthesis does not suffer from this limitation, although it is, most often, carried out in the opposite, 3' to 5' direction. Currently, the process is implemented as solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidite method and phosphoramidite building blocks derived from protected 2'-deoxynucleosides (dA, dC, dG, and T), ribonucleosides (A, C, G, and U), or chemically modified nucleosides, e.g. LNA, BNA.To obtain the desired oligonucleotide, the building blocks are sequentially coupled to the growing oligonucleotide chain in the order required by the sequence of the product (see Synthetic cycle below). The process has been fully automated since the late 1970s. Upon the completion of the chain assembly, the product is released from the solid phase to solution, deprotected, and collected. The occurrence of side reactions sets practical limits for the length of synthetic oligonucleotides (up to about 200 nucleotide residues) because the number of errors accumulates with the length of the oligonucleotide being synthesized. Products are often isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the desired oligonucleotides in high purity. Typically, synthetic oligonucleotides are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules around 15–25 bases in length.Oligonucleotides find a variety of applications in molecular biology and medicine. They are most commonly used as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, primers for DNA sequencing and amplification, probes for detecting complementary DNA or RNA via molecular hybridization, tools for the targeted introduction of mutations and restriction sites, and for the synthesis of artificial genes.